직무 중심 프로젝트 수업 적용 사례 연구 : 베트남 전문대학교 한국어 학습자를 중심으로

응웬 티홍리 부산외국어대학교 교육대학원 2025 국내석사

This study aims to design and imple ent a project-based learning (PBL) course involving translation tasks for Korean language learners at Vietnamese vocational colleges, and to derive educational implications from the findings. With the recent expansion of Korea-Vietnam exchanges, the number of students majoring in Korean in Vietnam has increased, many of whom aspire to work in Korean companies or related institutions after graduation. Particularly, students majoring in Korean at vocational colleges need to develop practical competencies in a short period. Therefore, there is an urgent need for teaching-learning methods that can simultaneously enhance language proficiency and social competencies through practical task execution, rather than theoretical lecture-based classes. Based on the background of project-based classes, this study presents the content of applying project-based learning and provides examples of classes applied in stages. The developed learning model was applied in actual classes, and the effects of project-based learning were investigated. Based on student evaluations conducted after the classes, implications for future project-based education methods were derived. The class content was structured around practical tasks applicable in real-world settings, allowing students to perform translation projects in teams and develop integrated language skills and practical competencies through activities such as website planning and production, report writing, and presentations. As a research method, prior studies on project-based learning (PBL) were first examined, and through the National Competency Standards (NCS) standardized by the Korean government, the importance of Korean language education linked to practical skills was clarified. This approach helps learners not only become proficient in the language but also gain the ability to meet job requirements in Korean corporate environments. As a result, a job-centered project-based learning model can be more effective in developing practical professional competencies for Vietnamese students. Based on this, a project-based learning model was developed and applied over 11 weeks. The educational effects were comprehensively examined through student satisfaction surveys and performance result analyses The results showed that students improved not only their Korean language expression but also various skills such as proble -solving ability, teamwork, practical work application ability, and time management through project execution. In particular, students reported increased interest and immersion in the classes, as well as enhanced confidence in practical work. The student satisfaction survey indicated that project-based learning positively influenced the development of students' competencies, particularly in applying knowledge to real-world situations. However, some limitations still exist, such as proble -solving ability, self-directed learning, teamwork, time management, and individual resource burdens. To maximize effectiveness, it is necessary to improve class design, strengthen instructor support, and guide students in acquiring skills. This study is significant in that it presents a practical example of moving from exam-centered and knowledge-transmission-centered Korean language education to practice-centered and participation-centered class design. It also confirms the potential of project-based learning as a suitable teaching-learning model in the context of Vietnamese vocational colleges and is expected to serve as foundational data for developing practical-oriented curricula, enhancing the quality of Korean language education, and strengthening students' employment competencies.

프로젝트 포트폴리오 평가 문제 : 불확실성 하의 최초 구성 및 주기적 개정을 중심으로

남재덕 숭실대학교 대학원 2009 국내박사

This paper models the construction and evaluation of project portfolio related to the organizational strategy under uncertainty. The project portfolio construction problem of this paper includes selecting projects among potential projects, deciding the executing mode among various modes and the start time among several periods for selected projects. In addition to making up the project portfolio, the evaluation problem, which reflects the attributes and constraints of the projects or a portfolio, performs the periodical evaluation under uncertainty and estimates the future value of the portfolio based on the current result. In order to find out how the suggested methodology is actually operated and validated, this paper applied the following order. At first, the problem of project portfolio was modeled mathematically and portfolio scheduling and simulation algorithm were suggested, and then the simulation was operated by generated trial data after transferring this algorithm to a code. Through the operation of this simulation, this paper examined the utilization of suggested model as well as the efficiency of several improvement rules introduced in the algorithm. The algorithm that presents the logical flow of the project portfolio, consists of three steps: first, composing the optimal portfolio scheduling at start time(T=0), second, moving the next period from the current period, third, changing from the estimated cash flow to the performed result value. After composing 3 mutually exclusive problems for the simulation, each problem has a basic problem that is composed of 20 projects, 3 modes, 40 periods, 0.5 contingency rate, 1.0 positive reserve rate, and 1.5 negative reserve rate. The basic problem generates 12 problems by transforming the basic problem. The simulation executed the portfolio evaluation periodically from the start period to the end period for 12 problems. The performance of project portfolio is influenced by the uncertainty of projects or the portfolio, the reserve for risks, the number of projects, modes, periods. As a result, the evaluation value gets better as the uncertainty gets smaller, the time/cost reserve gets larger, the number of projects, modes, and periods gets increased. This paper contributed for suggesting the project portfolio scheduling methodology under the future uncertainty, transferring the estimated cash flow to performed result value through the periodical evaluation and revising the project portfolio scheduling reflected the future probability if necessary, and proposing a management technique to control the uncertainty which is contained at the project and portfolio through the change of estimating methods. 본 논문은 불확실성하에서 조직의 전략과 연계된 프로젝트 포트폴리오 구성 및 평가를 모델링한다. 본 논문에서 다루는 프로젝트 포트폴리오 구성 문제란 후보 프로젝트들 중에서 프로젝트를 선정하는 문제, 선정된 프로젝트들에 대해 다양한 수행 모드 중에서 실행 모드를 결정하는 문제, 그리고 여러 시점 중에서 시작 시기를 결정하는 문제이다. 포트폴리오 구성 문제와 더불어 프로젝트나 포트폴리오가 지닌 속성이나 제약조건을 반영한 평가 문제는 불확실성을 고려하여 기간별로 평가하고, 그 평가 결과를 반영하여 포트폴리오의 미래가치를 추정하는 것이다. 본 논문에서 제시된 방법론이 실제 작동하고 유효한 지를 검증하기 위해 먼저 프로젝트 포트폴리오 문제를 수리적으로 모델링하고, 포트폴리오 일정 작성 및 시뮬레이션을 위한 알고리즘을 제시하며, 이 알고리즘을 코드로 전환한 후, 모의 데이터를 생성하여 시뮬레이션을 수행하였다. 이러한 시뮬레이션 수행을 통해 제시된 모델의 정합성과 알고리즘에서 소개된 개선 규칙의 효율성과 효과성을 검증하였다. 알고리즘은 프로젝트 포트폴리오의 구성 및 평가에 대한 논리적 흐름을 표현해 놓은 것으로서 3단계로 구분할 수 있다. 첫 단계에서는 포트폴리오의 시작시점(T=0)에서 최선의 포트폴리오 일정을 구성하는 것이다. 두 번째 단계는 T를 한 단위 전진시키는 것이다. 그러면 T-1에서 T까지의 미래 상황은 과거 상황으로 변하게 되고, 세 번째 단계로서 확률적 분포에 따른 추정치를 실적치로 변환시키는 것이다. 시뮬레이션을 수행하기 위해 3가지의 상이한 문제를 먼저 만들고, 문제별로 기본 유형(Project 수 20개, Mode 수 3개, Period 수 40개, Contingency 0.5, Positive Reserve 1.0, Negative Reserve 1.5)을 만들었으며, 기본유형을 변형하여 12가지의 상이한 유형을 만들었다. 시뮬레이션은 포트폴리오 시작시점부터 마지막시점까지 주기적으로 전진하면서 12가지 유형별로 포트폴리오를 평가한다. 프로젝트 포트폴리오의 성과는 프로젝트나 포트폴리오에 내재된 불확실성, 리스크에 대한 Reserve, 프로젝트 수, 실행 모드 수, 기간 수에 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 결과를 요약해 보면, 기본 유형을 기준으로 불확실성이 작아지거나, Time/ Cost에 대한 Reserve가 크거나, 프로젝트 수, 실행 모드 수, 수행 기간 수가 커질수록 성과가 향상되는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구가 기여한 부분은 미래의 불확실한 상황 하에서 프로젝트 포트폴리오의 일정을 작성하는 기법을 제시하였다는 것, 가상의 분석 시점을 주기적으로 전진시키면서 경과 기간 동안의 추정치를 실적치로 발생시키고 경우에 따라 미래의 확률분포도 변경시켜 포트폴리오 일정의 개정을 유발시켰다는 것, 그리고 추정 방식의 변경 등을 통해 프로젝트나 포트폴리오의 내·외적으로 존재하는 불확실성을 통제하는 관리 기법을 제안하였다는 것이다.

프로젝트 관리 시스템의 리스크 관리 프로세스 적합성

한승진 고려대학교 컴퓨터정보통신대학원 2017 국내석사

정보통신 산업이 발전함에 따라, 소프트웨어 개발의 단위와 범위가 커지고, 요구사항은 복잡, 다양해지며 그것을 개발할 수 있는 일정과 시간은 점점 짧아지고 있다. 이에 비례하여 프로젝트의 성공을 방해하는 리스크 요인도 증가하고 있어 프로젝트를 성공적으로 달성하기에는 어려운 상황이 되어가고 있다. 이처럼 빠르게 변화하는 시장 상황 속에서 각 기업들은 프로젝트의 성공을 위해 정교하고 체계적으로 프로젝트를 수행 할 수 있는 방법을 연구, 투자하고 있으며 그에 따라 프로젝트 관리의 필요성도 증대되고 있다. 이와 같은 이유로 정량적이고 체계적인 프로젝트 관리를 위해 기업들은 PMS(Project Management System)를 도입하여 활용하고 있으나, 이런 PMS들은 특정 관리영역에 대해서만 기능을 제공하거나, 전반적인 프로젝트 관리 기능을 지원하지 않아 프로젝트 관리 업무에 제대로 활용하지 못하는 경우가 적지 않다. 본 논문에서는 ISO 21500 국제 표준과 비교하여 성공적인 프로젝트 관리에 현실적으로 도움이 될 수 있는 PMS의 기준을 리스크 관리 기능을 중심으로 조사하고, 상용 PMS에서 이 기준을 만족하는 지 분석하여, PMS의 발전 방향을 제시하고자 한다. With the recent developments in the information and telecommunications industry, the scale and scope of software development are expanding. The time required and the schedules for developing software applications are continually decreasing, while the requirements are increasing in complexity and diversity. In addition, the risk factors that interfere with the success of projects are increasing, making it difficult to complete projects successfully on time. To cope with this rapidly changing market situation, corporations are heavily researching and investing in methods for sophisticated and systematic performance of projects with the objective of ensuring successful completion of projects. Consequently, the need for better project management is growing. To address the above mentioned need, corporations have recently introduced project management systems (PMSs) for quantitative and systematic project management. However, given that PMSs only provide features for specific management areas and do not support overall project management features, their use is limited. In this paper, we analyze and compare the standards of PMSs, which can provide practical assistance to successful project management, with the ISO 21500 international standard, with a focus on the risk management features. Further, commercial PMSs are evaluated in terms of their compliance with these standards, and the future direction for the development of PMSs is discussed.

The Impact of the Project Management Approach on the Local Executive Bodies : Case Studies in the Republic of Kazakhstan

아크잘큰 서울대학교 대학원 2025 국내석사

카자흐스탄 공화국은 정부 프로젝트와 초기 목표 달성을 위한 프로젝트를 효과적으로 수행하기 위해 모든 수준의 정부 기관 활동에 프로젝트 관리 도입을 2021 년에 시작하였습니다. 본 연구의 주요 목적은 지역 행정기관에서 프로젝트 관리의 적용에 대한 심층적 이해를 도출하고, 적용 수준, 성공적인 프로젝트 관리 실행에 영향을 미치는 요인(특히 공무원 및 관리자의 인식과 참여, 정치적 의지, 도전과제 및 이점), 그리고 프로젝트 관리가 조직의 효과성, 프로젝트의 성공적 실행, 목표 달성, 지역의 사회경제적 성과에 미치는 영향을 분석하는 것입니다. 인터뷰를 통해 지역 행정기관 직원들의 답변을 바탕으로 연구가 진행되었습니다. 본 연구는 2019 년부터 2023 년까지의 변수 분석과 현재 데이터를 바탕으로 하고 있습니다. 연구 결과, 현재 지역 행정기관에서의 프로젝트 관리 도입 수준은 낮거나 평균적인 수준임을 보여주고 있습니다. 고위 리더십의 태도와 참여 부족 및 정치적 의지의 부재가 낮은 수준의 주요 원인으로 나타났습니다. 프로젝트 관리의 적용 여부는 주로 개별 정부 기관장이나 수행자의 개인적 참여에 따라 달라지며, 이들의 참여가 일부 사례 및 프로젝트에서 긍정적인 결과를 가져온 것으c로 확인되었습니다. 또한, 모든 수준의 공무원들이 새로운 방법론에 대한 이해 부족 역시 현재 낮은 수준의 주요 원인으로 지적되었습니다. 그러나 프로젝트 관리가 적절히 적용될 경우, 프로젝트의 성공적인 결과로 이어진다는 점이 인터뷰 결과 및 2차 데이터 분석을 통해 확인되었습니다. 본 연구는 프로젝트 관리 활용을 강화하고 공공 행정 시스템을 개선하기 위한 권장 사항을 제시합니다. The Republic of Kazakhstan has begun to introduce project management into the activities of all level of government agencies in order to effectively implement government projects and projects to achieve initial goals in 2021. The main purpose of this study was to achieve the deep understanding of project management application in local executive bodies, the level of application, factors affecting on successful implementation of project management, particularly the perception and involvement of public officials and management, political will, challenges and benefits in implementing project management, and does the project management impact on the organizational effectiveness of local executive bodies in meeting the successful implementation of projects, achieving goals and socio- economic outcomes of the regions. The answers were identified during the interviews with the employees of local executive bodies.The research is based on an analysis of variables over the period from 2019 to 2023 and current period. The result shows that currently the implementation level of project management in local ex ecutive bodies is low and average. Atitude and involvement of senior leadership and lack of politica l will are the main reasons of weak level. The application of project management mostly depends o n the personal involvement of the heads of individual government agencies or individual performers, whose involvement showed positive result in some cases and projects. Moreover, the lack of understanding of new methods by civil servants at all levels is also th e main cause of the current low level. However, properly application of project management leads t o successful result of projects, which is provided by interviwees and confirmed by secondary data. The study provides recommendations for enhancing the use of project management and improving the public administration system.

Study on the measures of improvement for project finance funding : based on the case of Central Asia

안병학 Hankuk University of Foreign Studies. Graduate Sch 2016 국내석사

Study on the Measures of Improvement for Project Finance Funding: Based on the case of Central Asia Geoeconomical and geopolitical value of Central Asia has been gradually increased. Central Asia areas have an important geopolitical factor with rich amount of energy resources and connection in South-North and East-West axis in Eurasian Continent. Central Asia areas possess rich amount of oil and gas and is currently in a limelight as a new place for supplying energy resources. Countries in Central Asia have recorded a high economic growth rate due to an increase in the price of international resources. At the same time, countries in Central Asia ended up desperately realizing how limited it was for them to achieve growth only with a simple resource-led economy from exportation of oil and gas through the financial crisis in 2008. Therefore, each of the countries in Central Asia has started proceeding industrial diversification and advancement for sustainable growth. Central Asia is a geoeconomically and geopolitically important area in Korea. As countries in Central Asia started proceeding large scale project for the economic growth, Korea equipped with global competitiveness in the field of plant is currently witnessing an important opportunity. Central Asia areas are different from the middle-east markets where Korea has been actively advancing to. First of all, countries in Central Asia have rich amount of resources but insufficient amount of capital for proceeding the large scale plant unlike countries in Middle-East with high fund power. This tendency has been much remarkable as the global energy price decreased after financial crisis in 2008. Secondly, countries in Central Asia are not equipped with solid institutional structure that could support economic development plans as a relatively newly emerging country. Third, it is the keen competition. China, Japan, and Russia have already been intensely competing with each other to occupy the leading position in Central Asia based on large amount of loan, ODA, and historical and political influences. In spite of keen competition in the areas of Central Asia, competitiveness of Korea are as follows. First of all, it is the global competitiveness of Korea in the field of plant. Korea has a global competitiveness in the field of plant EPC. Secondly, it is an experience of growth in Korea. Korea is a country that has achieved economic growth and the development of democracy in a relatively short amount of time. This experience of Korea not only provides validity on authoritarian countries in Central Asia but also serves as an important role model. Third, it is the position of Korea as a developed country. Countries in Central Asia are showing their concern on influence of Russia and China that are continuously growing. Countries in Central Asia regard Korea as a country that does not pursue supremacy. Countries in Central Asia most likely suffer from insufficient amount of funding with payment made out to other countries. Therefore, funding ability of the companies has become an important element of competitiveness for obtaining orders of projects. Therefore, companies are in need of a course for providing capital that is required on the project from financial institutions in security for economic feasibility of the project. Companies establish the project company that is independent from Subsidiary and provide capital from financial institutions with future cash flow as a resource of repayment as a project finance technique for proceeding the project. In order to participate in industry modernization project of countries in Central Asia, strategy from Korea is required. Project finance is guaranteed with success only if both internal elements for creating sophisticated financial structure and external factors including risk management are accomplished. Therefore, project in Central Asia will only be successfully proceeded if developing project finance in reflection of regional characteristics that are relevant to external factors.

建設 Project의 品質 測定指數 開發에 관한 硏究

김정기 漢陽大學校 産業大學院 2002 국내석사

우리나라의 건설산업은 국민생활과 산업활동의 기반이 되는 생산시설과 사회간접자본의 확충에 기여하는 기간산업으로서 6차에 걸친 경제개발 계획을 통하여 고도성장을 선도하는 중요한 역할을 담당하였다. 그러나 최근의 건설 환경은 국내외적으로 매우 급변하고 있으며 '97년의 건설시장 개방과 함께 무한경쟁 속에서 품질확보로 경쟁력을 갖추어야 선진 외국업체와의 치열한 경쟁에서 살아남을 수 있는 환경에 직면해 있다. 본 연구에서는 건설업체의 종합적이고 체계적인 품질관리시스템의 정착 필요성을 절감하고, 이를 구축하기 위한 TQM의 이해와 핵심 요소를 살펴봄과 동시에 건설 PROJECT의 단계별 품질관리활동을 통한 건설품질의 문제점과 개선방안에 대해 살펴보았다. 건설의 품질은 각 프로젝트가 지니고 있는 일회성으로 말미암아 공사완료 후에 발생되는 품질손실에 대해서는 회복이 불가능하기에 건설 PROJECT 초기부터 수행 중에 측정가능 한 품질지수를 개발하여 제시하였다. 프로젝트의 완료와 더불어 인적 물적 자원을 해체해야 하는 프로젝트의 한시성으로 인하여 품질관련 자료의 축적 및 활용이 이루어지지 않고 있는 문제점에 대한 개선방안으로 PDCA(Plan-Do-Check-Action) 사이클에 의한 전사차원의 품질 피드백 시스템 구축과 이에 대한 교육 훈련의 필요성을 강조하였다. 건설 프로젝트는 서로 다른 참여자와 이들의 상반된 목적과 시각에 의해 품질이 등한시되어 왔었고 이를 해결하기 위한 개선방안으로써 프로젝트 수행 최고 책임자인 PM의 품질화보에 대한 강력한 의지와 리더쉽이 요구되며 아울러 품질개선 사례발표 등을 통해 조직원 전원 참여 유도와 우수사례에 대한 인센티브를 제공하도록 한다. 프로젝트의 효율적인 추진을 위해 프로젝트 수행업무의 표준화 그리고 품질업무 전산화를 통한 품질경쟁력 우위확보를 위하여 품질정보 시스템의 구축 및 활용을 개선방안으로 제시하였다. In Korea, engineering & construction industry had been in charge of a leader in high growth through economic development plan extended over six times as a key industries. But, the latest environments of engineering & construction had been changed rapidly, and the domestic companies had been faced with unlimited competition surroundings which could be survive by ensuring quality with other advanced foreign companies at the same time the construction market was open in 1997. In this study, we realize that the synthetic and systematic quality management system should be settle down in engineering & construction companies. We consider about the TQM including the core elements in order to establish the quality management system in engineering & construction company as well as study about the problems of the construction quality and improvement plan through on the activities of the quality management by construction project steps. For the nature of once character in each construction project, the quality loss which happened after completion could not recover. So I developed and presented the quality measurement index which could be assessed from the early stage and performing the project. For the nature of temporary character in each construction project or the human resources and material resources should be disorganized with the project completion, the quality data could not be stored and used. In order to solve this problem, the quality feed-back system by PDCA cycle should be established and educated. The quality had been neglected compare with other elements for the reason of joining lots of contractors and their conflict purpose and view. Therefore, PM(Project Manager) who is the highest responsible person as perform the project should have a strong will of securing quality and leadership. He should guide all project members participation through the quality improvement case announcement etc. and should give some incentives to achieving excellent case. In order to perform the project efficiently, the project execution works should be standardized and in order to gain superiority of quality competitiveness the quality information system should be established and used.

Front-End Governance of Major Public Investment Projects in Ethiopia: Its Current Status and Gaps

셀라마위트 서울대학교 대학원 2023 국내석사

ABSTRACT Front-End Governance of Major Public Investment Projects in Ethiopia: Its Current Status and Gaps Selamawit Mehari Aregawi Graduate School of Public Administration Global Public Administration Major Seoul National University This research aims to map and review the governance of public investment projects in Ethiopia and to identify the most critical front-end challenges of public investment projects in the country. The research focuses on the front-end governance of major public investment projects. A prober project planning in the early stages of a project (the "front-end") has been found to reduce uncertainties and maximize project benefits, ensuring a greater chance for project success and reducing the common obstacles that prevent project success. Adopting and applying front-end project management would be crucial for developing countries like Ethiopia to select suitable projects and make the best decisions on those with a positive social impact. As a result, this study looked into Ethiopia's project governance practices, focusing on the independent reviewer. A qualitative research design with a grounded theory methodology was used in the study; survey questionnaires and interviews of project evaluators, project planners, and senior experts from the Ministry of planning and development and Ministry of finance were used. Thus, this study explored the front-end project management practices concerning public investment project appraisals and the decision-making process in Ethiopia. Furthermore, the Federal Government Public Projects Administration and Management System framework for achieving project success through the implementation of public investment management regulations and guidelines was explored. The research findings indicate that the top-down project approach, the lack of mandatory control gateways at the front-end project preparation and decision-making stages, institutional capacity constraints, and weak links between project stakeholders affected the effectiveness of the project governance system. In addition to this, the most important factors that could affect public investment projects are identified. 국문초록 에티오피아의 주요 공공 투자 프로젝트의 프런트 엔드 거버넌스: 현황과 격차 Selamawit Mehari 서울대학교 행정대학원 글로벌행정전공 본 연구는 에티오피아의 공공 투자 프로젝트의 거버넌스를 검토하여 에티오피아의 공공 투자 프로젝트의 가장 중요한 전방 과제를 식별하는 것을 목표로 한다. 특히 주요 공공 투자 프로젝트의 프런트 엔드 거버넌스에 초점을 맞추고 있다. 프로젝트의 초기 단계에서 적절한 프로젝트 계획("프론트 엔드")은 불확실성을 줄이고 프로젝트 편익을 최대화하여 프로젝트 성공을 보장하고 프로젝트 성공을 방해하는 일반적인 장애물을 줄이는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 프론트엔드 프로젝트 관리를 채택하고 적용하는 것은 에티오피아와 같은 개발도상국이 긍정적인 사회적 영향을 미치는 프로젝트를 선택하고 최선의 결정을 내리는 데 중요하다. 이에 본 연구는 독립검토자를 중심으로 에티오피아의 프로젝트 거버넌스 관행을 살펴보았다. 기초 이론 방법론을 적용한 정성적 연구 설계가 연구에 사용되었고, 프로젝트 평가자, 프로젝트 기획자, 기획 개발부 및 재무부의 선임 전문가에 대한 설문지와 인터뷰가 사용되었다. 본 연구는 에티오피아의 공공 투자 프로젝트 평가와 의사결정 과정에 관한 프런트 엔드 프로젝트 관리 관행을 탐구하였다. 또한, 공공 투자 관리 규정 및 지침의 구현을 통해 사업 성공을 달성하기 위한 연방 정부 공공 프로젝트 관리 및 관리 시스템 프레임워크를 탐구하였다. 연구결과는 하향식 프로젝트 접근방식, 프런트엔드 프로젝트 준비 및 의사결정 단계에서의 의무적인 제어 게이트웨이 부족, 제도적 역량 제약, 프로젝트 이해관계자 간의 취약한 연계 등이 사업지배구조 시스템의 효율성에 영향을 미쳤음을 보여준다. 여기에 더해 공공투자사업에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 가장 중요한 요인들이 파악된다.

A New Scheme of Guarantee Provision for Equity Investment by Donors and Its Implications for Sustainable Development for Emerging Economies

정한솔 서울대학교 대학원 2022 국내석사

While well-functioning infrastructure is a foundation of economic development, many emerging economies find it hard to finance all the projects by themselves. As project finance for the infrastructure development utilizes non-recourse debt and therefore requires long-term perspectives, weak governance, regulatory uncertainty, and poor capital market of emerging economies all have hampered the bankability of the projects. Although the public-private partnership (PPP) can be an option, many instruments provided and supported by the government, such as PPP legislation and availability payment, is not available in emerging economies. Nevertheless, the emerging economies are the largest markets with the most demand in infrastructure development, and the number of projects tender openings has kept increasing. To provide wider market and investment options to developers and financiers, and to provide necessary infrastructure services and wider chances to economic development to developing economies, an innovative new solution of project finance including a more elaborated risk-sharing structure among the participants should be identified. This paper studies the existing concepts and cases of project finance to identify the provision of additional guarantees from a government or a multilateral organization as the factors that enable the financial closing of a project in emerging economies. This paper then refers to the four notable case studies for risk-sharing structures of project finance to conclude that an equity investment vehicle from the donors can securitize the risks entailed to a project and share them among the participants throughout the time, enhancing the sustainability of the project. This proposal is unique as the donor government can take more risks at the potential downturns but only with the proper returns for the risk-taking. As a result, the project fundamentally wins more security and sustainability to its operation, enhancing its bankability. The model enables more active investment in projects in developing economies and provides more chances for participants to project finance both in and outside the host country, especially now when there is high demand for infrastructure development, rich global capital flows, and highly developed financing solutions. 적절한 인프라 개발은 경제 발전을 위해 필수적이지만, 많은 신흥국은 프로젝트 자금을 조달하는 데 어려움을 겪고 있다. 인프라 개발을 위한 프로젝트 파이낸싱은 비소구 금융을 활용하기 때문에 장기적인 관점에서 수익성을 입증할 수 있어야 하는데, 신흥국의 약한 거버넌스, 규제 불확실성, 열악한 자본 시장 등이 프로젝트의 자금 조달가능성을 저해하기 때문이다. 민관협력(PPP) 프로젝트 역시 관련 법 제정 및 정부 지원 제도의 부족으로 활용이 어려운 경우가 많다. 그럼에도 불구하고, 신흥국은 세계에서 인프라 개발 수요가 가장 집중된 큰 시장이다. 프로젝트 개발자와 투자자들에게 더 넓은 시장 및 투자 옵션을 제공하고, 신흥국에 필요한 인프라 서비스와 경제 개발을 위한 더 많은 기회를 제공하기 위해서, 프로젝트 참가자들 사이의 협력 구조와 정부 차원의 지속 가능한 지원 프로그램을 포함한 혁신적인 프로젝트 파이낸스의 새 모델이 필요하다. 본 논문은 프로젝트 파이낸스의 기존 개념과 사례를 연구하여, 신흥국에서 프로젝트 파이낸스 종결을 위해서는 정부나 다자간 기구로부터의 보증이 필요함을 도출한다. 이어서 본 논문은 신흥국에서 성공적으로 이뤄진 프로젝트 파이낸스 4가지 사례를 연구하여 위험 분담 구조 상 지분투자기능을 가진 공여국의 보증 제공이 프로젝트에 수반되는 위험을 증권화하고 프로젝트 기간 동안 참여자 간에 효과적으로 분배할 수 있다고 결론짓는다. 이러한 지원 모델은 공여국 정부가 프로젝트 기간 중 잠재적 침체기에 더 많은 위험을 적절한 수익 조건 하에 감수하도록 한다는 점에서 독특하다. 이 모델을 적용할 경우 프로젝트는 근본적으로 운영에 더 높은 안정성과 지속 가능성을 확보하여 자금 조달 가능성을 높일 수 있다. 따라서, 이 모델은 신흥국에서의 더 활발한 프로젝트 개발이 가능하게 하고, 다양한 프로젝트 참가자들에게 더 많은 기회를 제공하며, 특히 신흥국 인프라 개발 수요가 높고, 풍부한 글로벌 자본 흐름이 있으며, 고도로 발달한 금융 솔루션이 가능한 오늘날 더 효과적이다.

인력 공백 상황에서 실질 지연 분석을 활용한 프로젝트 일정 재조정 방법론

조윤형 서울대학교 대학원 2023 국내석사

The product development process can be seen as a series of activities where teams with different expertise collaborate to rapidly develop and launch more innovative products, making diverse decisions. The complex collaboration of these activities, guided by teams with diverse skills, can be considered as a multi-skilled resource-constrained project scheduling problem (MSRCPSP). In this context, minimizing the project duration becomes the ultimate goal of product development. However, factors such as frequent employee turnover, employee absenteeism due to diseases like COVID-19, and the need for maintenance of machinery and equipment can lead to the absence of required resources at critical moments, causing the planned project schedule to be infeasible and resulting in project delays beyond the predetermined due date. This study aims to minimize project delays by modifying project schedules in response to changes, especially resource disruptions(absences) that occur during the project. It proposes a method for resource rescheduling without introducing new personnel from outside. The proposed methodology in this study is based on net delay, which is defined as the contribution of activity delay to the overall project delay resulting from the deployment of substitute resources from inside the project. It then selects the most suitable substitute resource to temporarily allocate to activities experiencing resource shortages. The rescheduling heuristic from this study derives a strategy for selecting the most suitable resource based on two criteria: suitability and net delay. Furthermore, through virtual examples from PSPLIB, this study demonstrates that the proposed methodology is more effective in minimizing delays compared to other resource rescheduling strategies. 제품 개발 과정은 더 혁신적인 제품을 빠르게 개발하고 출시하기 위해 서로 다른 전문성을 보유한 팀들이 협업하여 다양한 의사결정을 내리는 일련의 활동들로 구성된 프로젝트라고 볼 수 있다. 복잡하게 얽혀 있는 활동들이 다양한 기술을 보유한 팀들에 의해 제품 개발에 대한 의사결정 결과를 주고 받는 제품 개발 프로젝트는 다중 기술 자원 프로젝트 스케줄링 문제(Multi-skilled resource-constrained project scheduling problem)로 볼 수 있고, 이 경우 프로젝트의 기간을 최소로 설정하는 것이 제품 개발의 궁극적인 목표라고 할 수 있다. 하지만 직원의 잦은 이직, COVID-19 등의 질병으로 인한 직원의 병가, 나아가 기계 장비 정비 등 다양한 사유로 인해 필요한 순간에 필요한 자원이 부재한다면 계획한대로 프로젝트를 정상적으로 수행할 수 없게 되고, 정해진 기간을 넘어 프로젝트가 지연되는 결과를 초래할 수 있다. 본 연구는 프로젝트에 일어난 변경 사항에 맞춰 프로젝트 일정을 수정하는 reactive scheduling의 방식에 기반해서 인력 공백 이후 자원 재배치를 통해 프로젝트가 지연되는 것을 최대한 막고자 하고, 새로운 인력 없이 프로젝트에 남아 있는 인원들을 활용하는 방법을 개발한다. 본 연구에서 제안하는 실질 지연 기반의 프로젝트 재스케줄링 방법론은 대체 자원을 투입했을 때 발생하는 활동의 지연이 프로젝트 전체의 지연에 기여하는 정도를 실질 지연으로 정의하고, 이를 가장 작게 만드는 자원을 선정하여 인력 공백이 발생한 활동에 임시로 배치한다. 특정 활동에 대해 자원이 가지는 적합도라는 기준을 적용하여 실질 지연을 계산하고, 실질 지연을 최소화할 수 있는 전략을 통해 가장 적합한 대체 자원을 선정한다. 나아가 PSPLIB을 기반으로 한 가상 예제를 통해 다른 자원 할당 전략에 비해 본 연구의 방법론이 지연 최소화에 더 효과적임을 보인다.

중등 과학영재를 위한 안내된 프로젝트 학습 모형 개발 연구 : 과학기반융합 프로그램 적용 사례를 중심으로

이지애 부산대학교 대학원 2015 국내박사

The purposes of this study were to develop a teaching-learning model to support scientifically gifted secondary students in the development of better abilities through project-based learning and provide practical considerations for its implementation to field teachers. The study thus set out to find potential problems in the field and develop and propose a project-based learning model to specifically present the activities of learners and guidance elements of instructors in the procedures and processes of each stage. For those purposes, the study carried out the following research tasks: First, the study analyzed the problems with project-based learning for gifted students in science in the actual field through theoretical review and preliminary research and developed a Guided Project-based Learning Model. Secondly, the study improved a Guided Project-based Learning Model by repeating a formative cycle process of applying the model to actual classes and revising and improving it based on the results. Finally, the study proposed a set of guidelines to implement the Guided Project-based Learning Model developed in the study in the field of education. For those research tasks, 17 scientifically gifted secondary students, two teachers, one instructor, and the investigator participated in the research processes. The present study had the nature of formative case study to search for improvement measures with a focus on field cases, thus conducting research by partially accepting the design-based research method. In Design-based Research, the investigator, teachers, and learners take joint part to solve complex problems with the field of education and repeat the process of analysis, development, implementation, reflection, and revision to develop or test a better educational theory or model. The cyclic application process of the Guided Project-based Learning Model was accompanied by a convergence education program based on science to select an expanded area of topics around the curriculum and thus produce creative works applicable to real life rather than carrying out a simple project with advanced science subject content. That is, reflected in the program was a process of choosing expanded and advanced areas of topics based on the content of high school science and physics curriculum along with the process of creative design and emotional touch, convergent thinking method, and experience with doing science. The data collection process began with making a plan on the scope of data to answer the research questions and tried to gather enough data to understand, depict, and reflect upon all the contexts even with the passage of time. One of the important strategies in the case study methodology is a process of finding and reproducing the perspectives and voices of all participants throughout the research process for integrated analysis and comparing and analyzing the repeating cases consistently. The present study thus conducted within-case and cross-case analysis, which is generally used in qualitative research for overall data analysis. In addition, the study made composite use of categorical aggregation and comparison method of the grounded theory to compare and integrate the categories of analyzed data. The findings show that gifted students in science wanted to be independent in finding topics of their interest, making inquiry into them, and selecting and planning the involved process. At the same time, they experienced difficulties with the stage. One of the reasons was that they felt a burden with learning because of lack of concerned knowledge or experiences or too high a level of content. It is important here that they requested assistance and guidance from experts even in the activities they organized and took the lead themselves. Developed based on those findings, the Guided Project-based Learning Model was comprised of seven stages including making preparations, finding broad topics, doing guided scientific activities, find topics of specific scopes, making creative designs, making creative products and discovering new problems. The model offered detailed information about the activities of students and the guidance activities of instructors according to the procedures of each stage. The study implemented a formative cycle process to improve the Guided Project-based Learning Model and found a need for systemized education for information literacy and field experience learning. Scientifically gifted students searched through unreliable information on the Internet without filtering or too extensively, thus failing in finding what was essential and necessary for problem solving. Before the stage of designing and making creative works, the concerned scientific activities increased the quality and level of works. In other words, field experiences turned out to be useful such as a visit to a science museum, participation in a science festival, operation of a laboratory booth, and participation in a science even on the campus. Based on the analysis results, the investigator revised and improved the activities of learners and the guidance activities of instructors in each stage of the Guided Project-based Learning Model. Finally, the study discussed what should be taken into consideration when implementing the Guided Project-based Learning Model effectively including a collaboration system with experts, preparations of teachers, lesson environments, preparations of learners, utilization of convergence programs, and cautions in each stage. In short, first, the Guided Project-based Learning Model proposed in the study is significant in that it identified guidance strategies and methods for teachers by looking into actual lesson situations first-hand and made an approach of procedural model nature for their immediate and effective application to the field. It is differentiated from previous studies on teachers’ roles and interventions in the project implementation process that made fragmentary prescriptions about the phenomena of the times rather than taking the overall situational contexts into account. Secondly, the present study is also significant in terms of methodology in that it was a case study from the perspective of learners and made an attempt at a design-based research method based on a formative approach to solve the problems in the field. In the study, the participating students were considered as research participants that took part in the research process to develop a model instead of the objects to whom a model would be applied. The study was thus able to focus the research efforts on developing a model to understand the difficulties of students, who were the first-hand users, and keep their independent and autonomous tendencies. Finally, a model development process is a long-term task requesting constant revisions and reviews, which raises a need for a follow-up study to achieve validity in diverse cases in strict repetition.