도시정체성 확립과 도시마케팅 - 김포시를 사례로 -

김인 ( Kim In ) 한국도시지리학회 2003 한국도시지리학회지 Vol.6 No.2

The purpose of this study is to provide theoretical methods and practical strategies of creating city identity, and to utilize them as basic tools of city management. Place marketing consists of two parts, place assets making and place promotion. Place asset making is the process of making the place specific advantage or attractiveness and the place promotion is the process which makes notice of it. The place marketing debates and strategies is quite often confined to partial place marketing, the search for the tactical method of place promotion. However, this study examines the characteristics of full place marketing focused on the place making such as the background, concept, category, participants and principles of place making. This study finds out that the originality, specificity, and indispensability of place asset is the source of competitive advantage. The principles of place asset making are participation, learning and experience, and leadership and networks among actors. The policy implication of this study is that it is most important for the success of place marketing to make competitive assets and eventual city identity.

Place-making of Sewolho Gwangjang through Occupation

진예린 한국공간환경학회 2018 공간과 사회 Vol.28 No.4

This paper draws upon the politics of place-making by examining the dynamics around the occupation of public space, a topic that has received great attention from geographers and urban scholars. This study looks at the case of Sewolho Gwangjang at Gwanghwamun plaza in downtown Seoul, a place made both to commemorate the victims who lost their lives in the Sewol ferry (Sewolho) disaster of 2014 and as a form of protest by their families. It explores how the occupation of Gwanghwamun Plaza by the victims’ families eventually turned into the place-making of Sewolho Gwangjang in the occupied territory as well as how the place was politically claimed as a public space, Gwangjang. An actor-oriented approach is taken to illustrate the dynamics and competition of conflicting interests around the place-making of Sewolho Gwangjang. The main actors comprise both governmental and nongovernmental entities that both intentionally and unintentionally became involved in the making of Sewolho Gwangjang. The findings demonstrate, first, that the place-making of Sewolho Gwangjang was concurrent with the expansion of the occupation and thus there was continuous tension between competing forces. Second, place-making of Sewolho Gwangjang took place through cooperative efforts of key political actors who engaged in and was supported and sustained by citizens who shared griefs and ideologies. This research ultimately aims to present a progressive understanding of the occupation of public space by contextualizing it as a place-making process.

유동하는 세계에서 거주하는 삶 : 여성청년 이주민의 장소 만들기

장민지(Min Gi Jang) 한국문화연구학회 2016 문화연구 Vol.4 No.1

본 논문은 집의 장소화 과정이 젠더적인 감수성에 따라 어떻게 서사화되는지 국내이주를 경험한 여성청년 이주민의 입장에서 살펴보고자 하였다. 장소화란 인간이 공간을 점유하고 의도적으로 경계를 만드는 과정을 의미하는 것으로, 장소는 주체에 따라 다양한 장소화 과정을 거쳐 형성된다. 이 글은 오늘날 서울로 이주를 결심하고 자신의 집을 장소로 만들어나가는 여성청년들의 장소화 과정을 ‘유사가족’과 집 밖의 ‘장소 소속감’을 통해 구체화하고자 했다. 결론적으로 여성청년들은 사회에서 허용하는 집의 의미에 부합하지 않는 자신들의 ‘불완전한’ 집을 주체적으로 다양한 형태로 변형해 장소 생산을 수행한다. 이러한 방식은 일차적으로 집이 주체에게 부여하는 장소성의 요소들을 분리하고 전유하며 시작된다. 집은 안정감이나 친밀감, 따뜻함만을 제공하지 않는다. 집은 모든 감각을 가지고 있으며, 그 감각들을 느끼게 해주었기 때문에 인간에게 중요한 ‘장소’가 될 수 있다. This research explores ways to narrate place-making processes of homes with gender sensibility, from perspectives of female youth in-migrants who experienced domestic migrations. The term ‘place-making’ refers to an invention of constructing boundaries with occupying spaces, and place is formed from the process of place-making which varies from subjects. In this context, this article specifies place-making processes of the female youths who decided to move to Seoul and making their homes as their places - with concepts of ‘pseudo-family’ and ‘sense of place-belonging’. In conclusion, female youths subjectively performs production of places with transforming their ‘incomplete’ homes, which do not fit into the social meaning of homes, into various types with their subjectivity. Such practices primarily begins from separating and appropriating requisites for sense of places which homes authorize to subjects. This means that roles of homes are not confined to providing stability, closeness, and warmth. In effect, homes have all senses, and this let people perceive their homes as important ‘places’ while feel such senses.

A Study on the Mechanisms of Place-Making in Urban Non-Places through the Inclusive Practice of Walking

정형원 한국공간디자인학회 2025 한국공간디자인학회논문집 Vol.20 No.2

(Background and Purpose) The large-scale urbanization and commercialization of modern cities have accelerated the proliferation of non-places, such as transport hubs and shopping malls, weakening the sense of place in urban pedestrian spaces. Non-places are characterized by anonymity and functionalism, posing limitations to fostering human identity and social relationships. Simultaneously, advancements in smart city technologies and digitalization, while enhancing urban connectivity, paradoxically contribute to the expansion of non-place characteristics, thereby diminishing the emotional and social value of human-centered spaces. This study aims to interpret walking as an inclusive practice and to identify the mechanisms through which non-places can be transformed into meaningful places. (Method) The study critically examines the concept of the inclusive practice of walking by engaging with the theoretical works of Rebecca Solnit, Michel de Certeau, and Henri Lefebvre, establishing its value as a mechanism for place-making in urban contexts. It demonstrates that walking, as an inclusive practice, serves as an effective mediator in generating a sense of place. Furthermore, the study analyzes five domestic and international case studies—including the High Line in New York, the Promenade Plant‰e in Paris, and the Oil Tank Culture Park in Seoul—through qualitative approaches to empirically validate the processes of transforming non-places into places of significance. (Results) The analysis confirms that the inclusive practice of walking is structured around three primary mechanisms that play a crucial role in place-making. First, philosophical contemplation enables pedestrians to reinterpret spaces through thought and sensory engagement, fostering the reconfiguration of spatial identity. Second, emotional interaction strengthens the psychological and emotional bonds between humans and spaces, thereby imbuing anonymous spaces with subjective meaning. Third, aesthetic spatial practice reconstructs urban spaces through pedestrian participation and creative actions, realizing social interaction and aesthetic values. Based on these findings, the study proposes design principles for pedestrian spaces that support place-making and provides practical directions for restoring a sense of place in urban spatial design. (Conclusion) This research systematically identifies the mechanisms of place-making through the multidimensional concept of the inclusive practice of walking and empirically validates its applicability through the analysis of successful case studies. While prior studies primarily focused on theoretical discussions of non-places and place-making, this study uniquely integrates the philosophical, emotional, and aesthetic dimensions of walking to expand its theoretical and practical contributions. Although the reliance on qualitative case studies may limit generalizability, such limitations can be addressed through future research incorporating quantitative data and the integration of smart technologies. Ultimately, this study offers an innovative academic and practical perspective on pedestrian-centered urban design, contributing to the restoration of place in urban regeneration and public space planning.

전지구화시대, 여성이주 서사와 장소 만들기- 『리나』, 『바리데기』, 『찔레꽃』을 중심으로

엄미옥 한국비평문학회 2020 批評文學 Vol.- No.76

Through this study, an aspect of women migrants in 『Rina』 which is a story of a North Korean female refugee written by Yeong-sook Kang, 『Baridegi』 written by Seok-yeong Hwang, and 『jille-ggot』 written by Do-sang Jeong was examined by place and reconstruction of identity. To this a complex aspect of women migrants that mechanism of rank, gender, race, and capital are operated in the globalized capitalism are investigated based on the viewpoint that place is composed socially.First of all in 『Rina』, Rina successfully escapes by passing the border but she cannot arrive in the destination, a country called P right away. And she gets exposed to sexual harassment and human trafficking. She gets suffered by sexual and labor exploitation but she cannot get protected by anyone. But by moving from place to place, Rina becomes a multi-layered subject which transforms identity by having the place. Furthermore, she wanders around the border area to profess to be a drift space. The drift space is reappeared as making a new place like performance art in the tent of the city of drug and tourism, performance stage in a square of free trade organization, and the occupation of club puzzle. It works as a space of resistant practice which collapses globalized capitalism and patriarchal order. In 『Baridegi』, the new sense of place is formed in Bari’s body that is in unity with Mrs. Emily, in a home through combination with Ali and in a townhouse which includes supranational marriage. The sense of place, which is plural and progressive, is created through such a multi-layered scale and it aims to be the place of combination and meeting, not separation and isolation. Such a sense of place extends the identity of Bari but it makes readers to consider that the incidents like 9.11 terror and U.S. and UK-led invasion of Afghanistan in the conclusion are very difficult to realize progressive sense of place. In 『jille-ggot』, through chain migration of a North Korean woman who replaces a Chinese Korean woman moved to South Korea, international division of labor of reproduction labor that is realized in the global economy system is revealed. The main character, Chung-sim is a victim of human trafficking by a Chinese Korean man. She escapes and moves around China as a refugee. Then she arrives in Korea. Although, Chung-sim becomes otherized in another boundary, she shows herself as an agency of a migrant woman who is negotiating with South Korea by keeping transnational relationship with her family in North Korea and by extension of making place. In summary, these three literatures show that identity is not formed unilaterally in the globalized capitalism and patriarchal order while a women migrant is crossing the border. But identity is reconstructed through exclusive possession of the place that she moves to and negotiation with the place. And by making new place, aspect that is realizing imagination of place is shown. 이 논문은 탈북 이주여성을 그린 강영숙의 『리나』와 황석영의 『바리데기』 그리고 정도상의 『찔레꽃』에 나타난 여성이주 양상을 장소와 정체성의 재구성이라는 측면에서 살펴보았다. 이를 위해 장소가 사회적으로 구성된다는 관점을 토대로, 전지구화된 자본주의 속에서 계급, 젠더, 인종, 자본의 메커니즘이 작동하는 여성이주의 복합적인 양상을 규명하고자 했다. 먼저 『리나』에서 리나는 국경을 넘어 탈출에 성공하지만 곧장 P국으로 들어가지 못하고 성폭력과 인신매매에 노출된 채 성노동과 노동착취에 시달리면서 아무런 보호도 받을 수 없는 예외상태가 된다. 그러나 리나는 이동하는 장소마다 그 장소를 전유하면서 정체성을 변형시키는 다중적 주체가 된다. 나아가 국경지대를 떠돌면서 표류공간을 자처하는데, 표류공간은 마약과 관광의 도시에서의 천막 공연, 자유무역기구 광장의 공연무대 그리고 클럽퍼즐의 점유와 같은 새로운 장소 만들기로 재현된다. 이는 전지구화된 자본주의와 가부장적인 질서를 와해시키는 저항적 실천으로서의 공간으로 기능한다. 『바리데기』에서 새로운 장소성은 에밀리 부인 등과 연대하는 바리의 몸, 알리와의 결합을 통한 가정 그리고 초국가적 결혼경관을 포함한 연립주택이라는 공동체 안에서 형성된다. 이처럼 다층적인 스케일을 통해 생성되는 복수적이고 진보적 장소감은 분리와 격리가 아닌 통합과 만남의 장소를 지향한다. 이러한 장소감을 통해 바리의 정체성은 확장되지만, 결말의 9.11테러와 미국과 영국의 아프가니스탄 침공 등의 사건은 진보적 장소감의 구현이 얼마나 어려운 것인가를 성찰하게 만든다. 『찔레꽃』은 남한으로 이주한 조선족 여성의 자리를 메우는 북한여성의 연쇄이주를 통해 글로벌 경제 시스템 속에서 이루어지는 재생산 노동의 국제분업의 양상을 드러낸다. 조선족 남성에게 인신매매로 팔려간 충심은 탈출하여 중국에서 비법월경자로 떠돌다가 남한에 정착한다. 충심은 비록 또 다른 경계 속에서 타자화 되지만, 북한에 있는 가족과 초국적 관계를 유지하고 확장하는 장소 만들기를 통해 남한이라는 장소와 협상하는 이주여성의 행위자성을 보여준다. 요컨대 세 작품은 이주여성이 국경을 넘어 이주하면서 전지구화된 자본주의와 가부장적 질서 속에서 일방적으로 정체성이 형성되는 것이 아니라, 이주한 곳에서 장소의 전유와 협상을 통해 정체성을 재구성하고, 새로운 장소 만들기를 통해 상상의 장소를 실현하는 모습을 보이고 있다.

아파트 외부공간에서 아동의 장소형성에 관한 연구 : A Case Study of Apartment Housing

허현태,이종현,민병호 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.23 No.1(계획계)

Children's place making was analyzed in neighborhood environments of an apartment site. Open-ended interviews of 34 children, behavior observations of children in neighborhood spaces, and behavior mapping of the places were performed to investigate what were the neighborhood places important to children's everyday life, how they emerged, and what meanings these places had to the children. Ten different places were mentioned as important setting in their neighborhood. These places coincided the locations where behavior observations showed the children were engaged in neighborhood activities most often. This indicates that place and activity correlate. These places were important because they provided settings for social contacts/interactions (including meeting friends), recurrent habitualized activities (including plays), and memories of past events. Important also were physical conditions that helped the children have these experiences. Overall, the analysis indicates that activity is the most important aspect of the place experience, along with friends and play colleagues to share the activities, memories of past events associated with the places, and physical properties of the places supporting the activity experience.

도시재생에서 장소자산의 창출과 활용방안에 관한 고찰: 대구 근대골목을 사례로

유하나 대구경북연구원 2022 대구경북연구 Vol.21 No.1

Sustainable urban regeneration must have a different goal and process from urban redevelopment that necessarily involves physical environmental changes. Sustainable urban regeneration should be able to recreate a specific city as a city, and it should be a process to make daily life and culture more attractive and rich. Also, sustainable urban regeneration should produce value that local residents and visitors can share together. Therefore, this study defined the alternative paradigm for urban regeneration as placeness-making and presented the analysis framework. In addition, Daegu Modern Alleyway was selected as a case area, and the creating process and characteristics of place assets were analyzed in terms of placeness-making in urban regeneration projects that have formed Daegu Modern Alleyway. The creating process and characteristics of place assets in Daegu Modern Alleyway is that it strategically implemented the physical environment improvement project and the utilization of regional assets in the place where the existing placeness is weak, and pursued the urban tourism resourceization of ‘travel to modernity' and the attractive and new place assetization. On the other hand, the important limitation is that, despite the fact that local residents and visitors tend to be increasingly upset about the place due to the limited tourism resources of the created place assets, there is no continuous mechanism for creating place assets to overcome them. This study is meaningful in providing the expansion of empirical research and theoretical basis for sustainable urban regeneration, and contributes to generalization of urban regeneration theory through various case studies. 지속가능한 도시재생은 물리적 환경 변화를 반드시 수반하는 도시재개발과는 다른 목표와 과정을 가지고 있어야 한다. 이는 특정 도시를 그 도시답게 재창조할 수 있어야 하며, 일상생활과 문화의 영위가 보다 매력적이고 풍요로울 수 있도록 하는 과정이어야 한다. 또한 지역 주민과 방문객들이 함께 공유할 수 있는 가치가 생산되어야 한다. 따라서 본 연구는 기존 도시재생에 대한 대안적 패러다임을 장소성 만들기로 정의하고 그 분석틀을 제시하였다. 그리고 대구 근대골목을 사례 지역으로 선정하여, 대구 근대골목을 형성해온 도시재생 사업을 장소성 만들기 관점에서 장소자산의 창출 과정과 그 특성을 분석하였다. 대구 근대골목의 도시재생에서 장소자산 창출 과정의 특성은 기존의 장소성이 약한 장소의 물리적 환경개선 사업과 지역자산의 전략적 활용으로 ‘근대路의 여행’이라는 도심 관광자원화와 매력적이고 새로운 장소자산화를 추구하였다는 점이다. 반면 중요한 한계점으로는 창출된 장소자산의 한정된 관광자원화로 인해 지역 주민들과 방문객이 그 장소에 대해 점차 식상해하는 경향이 강함에도 불구하고 이를 극복할 지속적인 장소자산의 창출 메커니즘이 구축되어 있지 않다는 것이다. 본 연구는 경험적 연구의 외연적 확장과 향후 지속가능한 도시재생에 대한 이론적 근거를 제공하였다는 점에 의의를 두고, 다양한 사례연구를 통해 도시재생 관련 이론의 일반화에 기여하고자 한다.

Place-making of Vietnamese Married Immigrant Women in South Korea: The Case of Vietnamese Language Classes for Multicultural Children

뷔티미항 한국공간환경학회 2022 공간과 사회 Vol.32 No.1

This article explores the place-making of Vietnamese married immigrant women in South Korea through Vietnamese language classes for multicultural children. Utilizing mixed qualitative research methods, including participant observation and narrative interviews, the study presents several findings. The paper first contends that Vietnamese language classes constitute one kind of place-making for Vietnamese married immigrant women and explores the meaning of place-making among these women. Accordingly, these women face certain barriers in performing place-making, as their gender roles as foreign wives and mothers are deeply embedded in the discourse of the host society. Thus, it leads to the desire to engage in place-making in a form as simple as speaking their language, along with their engagement with Vietnamese language classes for their children. This study contributes to the feminist discussion as well as place-making discussion by combining gender, race, and ethnicity in the consideration. Keywords:married immigrant women, place-making, marriage migration, Vietnam, South Korea

무덤마을 주민들의 경험과 장소애착: 돌산마을 사례를 중심으로

차윤정,차철욱 영남대학교 민족문화연구소 2012 민족문화논총 Vol.52 No.-

A place is not merely a physical space in which humans live. It is a space accumulated with various dimensions of meanings that are constructed by human beings. Therefore, human beings make space into a specific place where lives are carried out by giving meaning and forming attachment to the space on a psychological level, and by constructing a foundation for life and forming network (relationship) with the neighbors on a behavioral level. Focusing on the case of Dolsan village, this study investigated the formation of meaning and attachment for place by residents through landscape, and the actions and experiences of the subjects who construct the foundation for life in order to find out how space is concretely made into a place. The grave, which is a representative landscape of Dolsan village, is not a living space for the people who are alive, but instead carries the superimposed meaning as a life-base for those who were excluded by the country. The negative meaning formed for this place during the early migration days due to the landscape as a grave and the view from the outside was replaced with a positive meaning with the perception that it is a place in which migrators had to live. For the villagers, such a replacement of the meaning of place is a prerequisite to the act of placemaking and a beginning point for place attachment. Another aspect of placemaking is also identified in the actions of the residents solving village problems such as securing a stable right for dwelling and social infrastructures including electricity and water services. The experiences from living excluded lives and the circumstances that left the residents no other options but to change the given conditions on their own facilitated communal spirit and network formation among them, through which important village problems were solved as compromises and resistances were arbitrated. A circular process can be found as these actions were then connected to place attachment. Place attachment of the Dolsan village residents and their actions based on it revealed the process of placemaking in an excluded area. 장소란 단순히 인간이 살아가는 물리적 공간이 아니라, 인간에 의해 구성된 다양한 차원의 의미들이 축적된 공간이다. 인간은 심리적 측면에서 공간에 의미를 부여하고 애착을 느낌으로써, 그리고 행위적 측면에서 삶의 터를 만들고 이웃과의 네트워크를 형성함으로써 공간을 구체적 장소로 만들어 나간다. 이 글은 공간이 어떻게 구체적인 장소로 만들어져 가는지를 알아보기 위해 돌산마을을 사례로 하여, 경관을 통한 주민들의 장소 의미와 장소 애착의 형성, 삶의 터를 만들어가는 주체들의 행위와 경험을 살펴보았다. 돌산마을의 대표적 경관인 무덤은 이곳이 산 사람들의 생활공간이 아니며, 국가로부터 배제된 사람들의 삶터라는 중층적인 의미를 포함하고 있다. 이주 초기 외부의 시선과 무덤이라는 경관으로 인해 형성되었던 장소에 대한 부정적 의미는, 이곳이 살아야만 하는 장소라는 인식과 함께 긍정적 의미로의 환치가 일어난다. 장소에 대한 의미의 환치는 마을 사람들의 장소애착의 출발점이자 장소만들기 행위의 전제가 된다. 장소만들기의 또 다른 측면은 안정적 주거권 확보, 전기・상수도 등의 사회기반시설 확보 같은 마을의 문제를 해결하는 주민들의 행위에서도 확인된다. 배제된 삶의 경험과 주어진 조건을 스스로 바꾸지 않으면 안 되는 상황은 주민들의 공동체주의 정신과 네트워크 형성을 촉진시켰고, 이를 통해 타협과 저항을 조율하면서 마을의 중요한 문제들을 해결하였다. 그리고 이러한 행위들은 다시 장소애착으로 연결되는 순환적 과정을 보인다. 돌산마을 주민들의 장소애착과 이에 기반한 행위들은 배제된 지역의 장소만들기 과정의 모습을 보여준다.

글로컬라이제이션과 지역발전을 위한 창조적 장소만들기

이병민(Byung Min Lee),남기범(Kee Bom Nahm) 대한지리학회 2016 대한지리학회지 Vol.51 No.3

세계의 경제가 글로컬라이제이션(glocalization)이라는 조건 속에서 변화하면서, 국가의 역할은 축소되고, 도시 및 지역의 공간적 역할이 상대적으로 중요해지고 있으며, 관련하여 장소의 역할에 대해 장소마케팅이나 장소브랜딩 등을 통해 지금까지 많은 논의가 이루어져왔다. 하지만, 결과로서의 마케팅전략보다는 과정과 참여를 중요시하는 광의적 의미의 종합적인 ‘장소만들기’가 중요하다는 의미에서 본 논문은 문화를 기반으로 하는 지역발전이라는 부분에 집중하여 창조적 장소만들기의 전략이 어떤 의미를 갖는지를 재조명하려고 하였다. 구체적으로는 문화콘텐츠산업을 통한 창조적 장소만들기의 한국과 일본사례의 검증을 통하여, 글로컬라이제이션 시대 장소마케팅과 장소브랜딩, 장소만들기의 융합모델을 제시하고, 가치사슬적 특성을 고려하여 자원의 투입과 과정, 산출 등 각 과정의 특성에 집중할 필요가 있음을 밝혔다. 특히, 문화를 기반으로 장소를 해석하고, 지역공동체에서 삶의 질을 개선시키는 목표를 위해 어떻게 선순환구조를 만들것인가 하는 것이 중요하다는 점을 강조하였다. Global society is shifting and now evolving towards glocalization, meaning the increasing role of region and multi scalar interactions between region and global social world. In this glocalization era, there has been mushrooming literature and much discussions on the impacts of place-branding and place-marketing on regional development both in academia and practical researches. The inclusive and participatory creative place-making process, however, is more quintessential than the resultant place marketing strategy. This paper tries to reassess the creative place-making based on culture-led regional development perspectives. Specifically it compares Korea and Japan’s strategies and suggests a hybrid model of place-making-branding-marketing, utilizing cultural content industries. It then stresses the importance of building a virtuous circle of sustainable regional cultural industrial ecosystem including culture-based interpretation of places and improvement of community quality of life.