(A) Study on the Construction and Improvement of the Enterprise Cohesion Model through the Application of Performing Arts Knowledge

손배희 우석대학교 대학원 2020 국내박사

"Management is a science and also an art." This point of view has been widely accepted in both the management academic circles and the practice fields of management work. With the development of economy and society, the living environment of human beings is changing rapidly, and the thinking of human beings is becoming more and more active, and the personality is becoming more and more distinct, which makes managers of all walks of life increasingly aware of the importance of management art. In the existing research on management art, almost all of them focus on management means and skills, and still in the scope of management. However, when people refer to the word "art", the first thing they think about is not the means and skills of management, but the "real" art like music, dance, performance, painting and so on. Therefore, as an "art", whether management science can establish a certain corresponding relationship with those "real" arts, expand the research of "artistry" of management from a single category of management science to the category of art science, and then give "management art" a new meaning, and provide a new idea for the future cross research of management science, has become a new and pioneering question, which is necessary to get the answer through research. This research first analyzes the importance of cohesion for enterprise management and the representativeness of performance in art, and on this basis, takes cohesion and performance knowledge as two entry points to establish the relationship between management and art. Then through the review and comparison of the literature on enterprise cohesion, the research defines eight influencing factors of enterprise cohesion. According to the characteristics of performance knowledge, these factors are modified, and finally five influencing factors of cohesion that are suitable for the establishment of correlation with performance knowledge are determined: spiritual motivation, communication, group atmosphere, leadership style and people-oriented. Subsequently, in view of the five influencing factors, in the knowledge and research results of the performing arts, especially in the mature, representative and influential performing knowledge in Chinese performance teaching and practice, 10 items corresponding to these influencing factors are determined: actor's physical and mental relaxation, truth and belief, script analysis, communication in performance, stage scene construction, parody theory, performance practice, actors' seven abilities and four senses, liberating the nature of actors and role analysis. After completing the above research work and taking the achievement as the basis, this research established a theoretical model of "enterprise cohesion – performing arts knowledge". Afterwards, based on the model and referring to the professional theories, teaching methods or practical skills contained in the above 10 performance knowledge, a series of methods to improve the cohesion of enterprises are proposed. Finally, in order to verify whether the methods proposed in this research can be generally accepted and recognized by employees, this research carried out a questionnaire survey, and collected the survey data of 570 employees from 11 enterprises in 7 industries. Through the statistical analysis of these data, the results show that: all the methods proposed in this research have been generally accepted and recognized by the survey samples; the result of weight analysis shows that the importance of the five influencing factors of cohesion from high to low is: group atmosphere, people-oriented, spiritual motivation, leadership style, communication; the results of independent sample T-test and one-way ANOVA show that gender difference has no significant impact on the samples' approval degree. The low-age samples' approval degree is generally higher than the high-age samples, the high education samples' approval degree is generally higher than the low education samples, and the high-monthly-income samples' approval is generally higher than the low-monthly-income samples. However, for the question "why the approval degree of high-age, low-education and low-monthly-income samples is universally relatively low", the answer cannot be obtained only through the statistical analysis of questionnaire survey data. Therefore, in order to find the cause of this phenomenon, the research further conducted interviews. Through coordination and communication, among the 11 enterprises that participated in the questionnaire survey, 8 enterprises were willing to continue to cooperate to receive interviews. Subsequently, after randomly sampling all the samples from these 8 enterprises that participated in the questionnaire survey and met at least one of the characteristics of "high-age, low-education, and low-monthly-income", 48 samples were selected as interview subjects. Finally, through the induction and summary of the interview feedback information, the research obtains the answer to the above question: while "high-age, low-education, low-monthly-income" employees accept and agree with the methods proposed in this research in general, the universal exclusion of new things by high-age employees, the lack of learning ability and motivation of low-education employees and the urgent need of low-monthly-income employees for short term direct economic benefits are the main reasons for their relatively low approval degree compared with "low-age, high-education, high-monthly-income" employees. Through the development and completion of the above research work, the following conclusions and results are obtained: five influencing factors of enterprise cohesion which are suitable for being associated with performance knowledge are defined; the performance knowledge corresponding to the five influencing factors are determined; the theoretical model of "enterprise cohesion – performing arts knowledge" is established; a series of methods to improve enterprise cohesion referring to performance knowledge are proposed; through questionnaire surveys and statistical analysis of the data, the overall approval degree of the samples to these methods and the differences in the approval degree of the sample groups with different characteristics are verified; through interviews, the reasons for the relatively low approval degree of the samples with high-age, low-education and low-monthly-income are found. Due to the limitations of research conditions, ability, social influence and other factors, there are still some deficiencies in this research, which need to be further improved in the future research, including: the theoretical research is not comprehensive enough, the selection of samples is not reasonable enough, the number of samples should be more, the effectiveness of the methods still needs to be tested by management practice, and so on. However, as a new attempt and bold exploration to establish the relationship between management and art, this research has certain theoretical value and practical significance. On the one hand, this research innovatively constructs the first theoretical model of the relationship between management and art, which provides a new perspective and ideas for the future intersectional study of management; on the other hand, a series of vivid and interesting methods to improve the cohesion of enterprises proposed in this research can provide important reference for the policy-making and management practice of improving cohesion of enterprises. “관리는 과학이자 예술이다 라는 관점은 오늘날의 경영학계 뿐만 아니라 관리업무의 현장에서도 보편적으로 인정받고 있다 . 경제와 사회가 발전하면서 인간의 생존환경이 빠르게 변하고 , 인간의 사유도 활발해지고 , 개성도 뚜렷해 지면서 예술의 중요성을 각 분야 관리자들이 깨닫게 되었다 . 기존의 예술관리에 관한 연구는 안타깝게도 거의 모두 관리수단과 방법을 둘러싸고 전개되어 있으며 , 여전히 경영학의 범주 안에서 연구되고 있다 . 그러나 예술’이란 단어를 언급할 때 가장 먼저 떠오르는 것은 이런 관리의 수단과 방법이 아니라 음악 , 무용 , 공연 , 미술 같은 참’예술을 포함하게 된다 . 따라서 관리학은 하나의 예술’로서 진정한’예술과 어떤 대응적인 관계를 맺고 , 관리의 예술성’연구를 단일차원의 관리학 범주에서 예술학 범주로 확장하여 예술관리’라고 하는 새로운 의미를 부여하여 향후 융합연구를 통해 답을 얻을 필요가 있다 본 연구에서는 우선 응집력이 기업에 미치는 중요성과 공연예술이 예술학에서 갖는 대표성을 분석하였으며 , 여기에 응집력과 공연지식을 각각 관리학과 예술학 사이를 연결하는 연관성의 두 개의 접점으로 활용하였다 . 또한 기업 응집력에 관한 선행연구에서 다루어 진 문헌비교를 통해 기업 응집력에 영향을 미치는 8 개의 영향 요소를 추출하여 공연지식의 특징에 따라 이를 수정하여 공연 지식과의 연계에 적합한 5 가지 응집력 영향 요소 , 즉 정신적 격려 , 소통 , 집단 분위기 , 리더십과 인본주의를 최종 확정하였다 . 이후 이러한 5 가지 측면의 영향 요인에 대해 공연예술과 관련된 지식과 연구성과 중 특히 중국의 공연수업과 공연실기를 통해 대표성과 영향력 있는 공연지식분야에서 상술한 영향요인에 상응하는 대본분석 , 연기 속의 소통 , 무대 장면의 구축 , 패러디 이론 , 공연실천 , 등 10 가지 사항을 확정하였다 . 상술한 연구 작업을 완료하고 얻은 성과를 바탕으로 본 연구는‘기업 응집력 공연 지식’이라는 이론적 모델을 수립하였다 . 그리고 이 모델을 근거로 , 이와 같이 10 개의 공연 지식에 포함된 전문적인 이론 , 교수법 또는 실천적 기교를 참고하여 기업의 응집력을 높이는 일련의 방법을 제시했다. 마지막으로 본 연구에서 제시한 방법이 기업 임직원의 보편적인 수용과 공감을 얻을 수 있는지를 검증하기 위해 설문 조사를 실시하였으며 , 7 개 업종에서 11 개 기업의 570 명의 직원에 대한 설문지를 회수하였다 . 데이터에 대한 통계분석을 통해 얻은 분석 결과에 따르면 , 5 가지 응집력 영향 요인의 중요성은 집단 분위기 , 인본주의 , 정신적 격려 , 리더십 , 의사소통순으로 그 중요도가 평가 되었다 . T 검사와 단일요인 분산분석에서 성별 차이는 표본의 신뢰도에 현저히 영향을 미치지 않으며 , 저연령층은 고연령층보다 높은 공감도를 가지고 있고 , 고학력층은 저학력층 보다 높고 , 고수입층은 저수입층 보다 높은 것으로 나타났다 그러나 왜 고연령층 , 저학력층 , 저수입층의 공감도가 상대적으로 낮은가’라는 질문에는 설문조사를 통해 얻은 데이터에 대한 통계와 분석만으로는 답을 얻을 수 없었다 . 그래서 본 연구에서는 이 현상의 원인을 찾기 위한 추가적인 면담법을 실시하였다 . 사전조율과 소통을 통해 설문에 참여한 11 개 기업 중 8 개 기업이 계속 협력하겠다며 방문취재에 응했다 . 이어 8 개기업 중 설문조사에 참여했으며 고연령층 , 저학력층 , 저수입층’중 한 가지 특징에 맞는 모든 표본을 무작위로 추출해 인터뷰 대상자로 48 명을 선정했다 . 인터뷰에 대한 피드백 정보의 요약을 통해 본 연구는 결국 상술한 질문에 대한 답을 얻게 되었다 . 인터뷰의 분석결과에 따르면 고연령층 , 저학력층 , 저수입층’ 직원들이 본 연구에서 제시한 방법에 대해 대체로 공감하고 받아들이는 것이지만 , 고연령층 직원들의 새로운 것에 대한 보편적인 거부감 , 저학력 직원들의 경우 학습능력과 학습동력 부족 , 저수입 직원들의 낮은 직접적 경제적 이익에 대한 절박한 욕구가 저연령층 , 고학력층 , 고수입층’직원들에 비해 상대적으로 공감도가 낮은 주요 원인으로 분석되었다 위의 각 작업의 전개와 완성을 통하여 , 본 연구는 다음과 같은 결론과 성과를 얻었다 , 공연 지식과의 연계에 적합한 5 가지 응집력 영향 요소를 정하고 , 5 가지 영향요소에 상응하는 공연지식을 확정하고 , 응집력 영향 요인 공연 지식’ 이론 모델을 수립하였으며 , 공연 지식을 참고하여 기업의 응집력을 높일 수 있는 일련의 방법을 제시한 것이다 , 그리고 설문 조사와 데이터의 통계 및 분석을 통해 표본의 전반적인 공감도와 다른 특징을 가진 표본 집단 사이에 존재하는 공감도의 차이를 검증했고 , 인터뷰를 통해 고연령층 , 저학력층 , 저수입층 표본의 공감도가 상대적으로 낮은 원인을 찾았다 연구조건, 연구능력 , 사회적 영향력 등 다방면에 걸친 제약으로 인해 본 연구는 아직 미흡한 부분이 있으며 , 향후 연구에서는 이론 연구가 아직 포괄적이지 못하고 , 표본의 선택이 합리적이지 못하며 , 표본의 수가 충분하지 않으며 , 방법이 유효한지 여부는 여전히 후속연구를 통해 보완되어야 할 필요가 있다 . 그러나 본 연구는 관리학을 예술학과 연관 짓는 융합학문 분야의 새로운 시도와 탐구로서 어느 정도 이론적인 가치와 실제적인 의미를 가지고 있다 . 한편 본 연구는 최초의 관리학과 예술학의 연관성에 대한 이론적 모델을 혁신적으로 구축하여 향후 관리학의 교차성 연구에 새로운 각도와 사고의 방향을 제공하였다 . 또한 본 연구에서 제시된 일련의 공연지식을 참고한 생동감 있고 흥미로운 기업의 응집력을 증진시키는 방법은 기업이 응집력을 높이기 위한 정책 수립과 실천에 중요한 참고가 되었을 것이다

Management of fresh tea collection at tea manufacturing company in Phu Tho Province, Vietnam : Management of fresh tea collection at tea manufacturing company in Phu Tho Province, Vietnam

응웬티투이덩 Yeungnam University, Park Chung Hee School of Poli 2016 국내석사

녹차나무는 베트남에서의 산간마을지역에 살고 있는 주민들에게 빈곤을 완화시키고 많은 주민들의 삶을 향상시키는데 중요한 역할을 하고 있다. 특히, PhuTho 지역은 녹차를 재배하는 데에 가장 큰 규모와 큰 생산량으로 생산하는 베트남 녹차재배 주요지역 중 하나이다. 그러나 녹차재베에 나오는 수입은 아직도 높지 않다. 그 원인 중 하나는 녹차원재료를 효과적이고 효율적으로 관리하는 능력부족 때문이다. 농장의 노동자, 농업협동조합위원, 기타 농업종사자들을 포함한 다양한 생산자, 원재료공급자들의 개입으로 인하여 전 지역의 녹차재배사업은 복잡한 상황에 놓여 있다. 일부 녹차가공공장 책임자들은 품질관리 시스템을 운영하지 않는 한 상인들과 녹차 수집자들로부터 구매되어진녹차원재료를 신뢰하지 않고 있다. 게다가, 녹차생산 목표치는 실제 수확량을 전혀 반영하지 않고 측정되어지고 있다. 이로 인해 지난 몇년동안 녹차원재료를 구매, 판매하는데 있어서 충돌과 마찰이 빈번하게 발생하고 있다. 이런 점에서 “베트남 푸터 (PhuTho) 성 지역에 위치한 녹차생산화사에서의 생녹차원재료 수집관리” 연구는현재 녹차기업들로부터 녹차원재료 수집관리의 중요성과 특히 기업들과 마을주민들 간의 구매관리의 중요성을 보여준다. One-way ANOVA분석을 통하면, 기업과 계약을 맺고 기업을 위해서 일하는 농부들의 평균수입과농민단체에 속한 농부, 개인이 운영하여 관리하는 농부들간의 평균수입은 다소 차이가 있다. 이항로지스틱 회귀 분석을 하여 나타난 자료를 보면, 농부들은 녹차기업들과 협력을 원하는 것을 알 수 있다. 이 연구는 또한, 농부들의 연령, 녹차밭에서녹차재배까지의 거리, 그리고 마을주민들의 생산자본은 기업과의 협력에 대한 의견에긍정적인 영향을 미친다는 것을 볼 수 있고, 반면에농부들의 월수입은 부정적인 영향을 미친다는 것으로 알 수 있다. 본 연구는 현대과학기술적용; 신 수종 개량; 수확절차개선; 안정적인 공급량 보장 등과 같은 방법을 통해 녹차생산기업들의 활동을 활성화시키며 제품의 높은 품질과 식품위생기준을 반드시 준수해야 한다고 주장하고 있다. In Vietnam nowadays, fresh tea has really become one of major trees for poverty alleviation and livelihood improvement for many households. Especially, Phu Tho is one of the provinces having the largest and highest yield of fresh tea in Vietnam. However, the income from tea production is so low, one of main reason is due to the ineffectiveness of fresh tea materials’ management. The production of tea in the province is rather complex due to the diversity of tea cultivators and raw tea material producers, including farm workers, cooperative farmer and other farmers’ group. The managers of some factories do not pay enough attention to certify tea materials due to purchasing fresh tea material from the traders or collectors without input quality control. Moreover, the production plan did not reflect the actual yield of the tea plantation. The conflicts for buying raw materials and selling products have occurred frequently in recent years. This research examined “Management of fresh tea collection at tea manufacturing company in Phu Tho Province, Vietnam” and has established the importance of management of tea material collection at tea companies now, especially, the cooperation between enterprises and tea farmers in the management of procurement. The output of one-way ANOVA indicates that average income of farm workers is different from cooperative farmers and other farmer groups. Besides, binary logistic model could provide more insightful understanding of the farmers’ willingness to participate in the cooperation with tea companies. The thesis also found out that age, the distance from household’s tea plots to collection area and the production capital of household have positive effects on the interest of the cooperation, while the household income per month negatively impacted on the desire to join the cooperation with tea manufacturers. The study has also established that application of more scientific management; developing the structure of new varieties; improving harvest process and ensuring the quantity supplied is constant strengthen tea production enterprises, guarantee high quality and standard tea that ensure food safety.

Leadership and Management Balance for Rehabilitating Distressed Construction Projects

Behzad, Navid Arizona State University 2016 해외박사(DDOD)

The objective of this dissertation is to identify a recommended balance between leadership and management activities of a project manager who aims to rehabilitate a distressed construction project. The data for this research was collected from 338 construction project professionals belonging to fifteen large construction companies who participated in leadership seminars originated by professors from Arizona State University. The seminars contained various leadership games and exercises that were designed specifically to collect data about leadership and management actions taken by the project managers. The data from one of the games, called "Project from Hell" (PFH), was used in this research. The PFH game presents the participants with a set of fifty-two actions cards written on a deck of game cards and asks them to select the ten action cards they perceive as being most effective for turning a troubled construction project around. Each suit of the deck represents a different category of actions, focusing on either Traditional Leadership (Hearts), Best Value Leadership (Diamonds), Traditional Management (Spades), or Micro-Management (Clubs). Statistical analysis of the results revealed that only sixteen of the fifty-two actions cards were selected with statistically significant consistency. Of these sixteen actions, six actions were form Traditional Management actions, five were Traditional Leadership actions, and five were Best Value Leadership actions. This rendered a recommended balance of 62% leadership activities vs. 38% management activities for project managers to rehabilitate distressed construction projects. It was also found that the same balance is recommended for the normal condition construction projects. The calculated weighted scores for ranking the sixteen effective leadership and management actions revealed that the five Traditional Management actions are the top-most effective actions. This demonstrates the importance of stand still management actions in rehabilitating in trouble construction projects. The findings were converted into easy to implement guidelines about how project managers can change habits to increase their effectiveness by focusing on the right type of actions. A generalization of the methodology for interpreting the results of any study based on selection of activities, was also developed.

Management buyouts과 經營陳의 責任義務에 關한 硏究 : 美國 會社法上의 論議를 중심으로

신민철 東國大學校 大學院 2000 국내석사

We generally call a modern society 'the period of global competition'. Though we don't take up 'the WTO system' for discussion, only the powerful with absolute competitive power, could survive today. Also we actually are undergoing this severe trial after IMF Relief Loan. We learned that we can't survive with the way and the thought we have had by this time. This article mainly examines the legal concerns of directors who authorize management buyouts, popular type of transaction affecting corporate control. During the 1980's, the securities market saw tremendous growth in the area of mergers and acquisitions. Whether in reaction to the threat of a hostile takeover or as a result of an affirmative desire to enhance the profitability of the enterprise, numerous devices have appeared to finance corporate reorganizations. One such device is the management buyouts. The first management buyouts appeared about twenty-five years ago. Then called 'going private, most of those transactions involved small firms that had gone public in the hot new issue market of the late 1960s and early 1970s. The management buyouts is 'a species whthin the corporate genus of leveraged buyout. In the management buyouts, the senior management of the acquired company holds the equity in the acquiring company. Essentially, management uses the resources, the credit and the proxy mechanism of the firm to eliminate public ownership. Management buyouts produce several benefits for all parties involved. First, and most improtant, is the premium above market value that public shareholders often receive in exchange for their shares. Because of this premium, public shareholders make a substantial profit on the sale of the shares. Likewise, management acquires a good investment. Overall, management buyouts may increase social welfare by efficiently allocating resources and reducing agency costs. Notwithstanding the benefits of the management buyouts, problems do arise in using this technique to finance an acquisition. The substantial debt incurred and corresponding interest payments create a sometimes overwhelming burden. In addition, the buyout can cause some disruption in the corporate climate. Perhaps the most significant problem that arises in this context is the conflict of interest inherent in the transaction itself. This article mainly examines the concept of management buyouts and the fiduciary duty of management in management buyouts. This thesis is composed of 5 chapters. Chapter Ⅰ considers the purpose and the scope of this study. Chapter Ⅱ which focuses on the general epitome of management buyouts describes the concept of management buyouts (M&A and LBO), the structure of the transactions and the economic functions of management buyouts. Chapter Ⅲ analyzes the fiduciary duty of managements. First, I would investigate the usual fiduciary duty of directors. And I analyze the fiduciary duty of managements in management buyouts transactions. Management buyouts brings about the conflict of interest between shareholders and managements. This article would also examines the confrontation of the statute law about transactions which give rise to conflict of interest. And I also considers the general method to minimize the conflict of interest in management buyouts. Chapter Ⅳ summarizes the judgment attitude of Americas courts over the management buyouts. And I try to find the judgment standard of court. Chapter Ⅴ summarizes the results of this study, and I would like to show the way to prevent the violation of fiduciary duty of management in management buyouts.

식품안전 위기관리시스템 분석 : 중국과 미국의 식품안전 예방대책과 사례 비교 분석을 중심으로

HUANG MINGYUE 충북대학교 2023 국내석사

식품안전 위기는 종종 우발적 사고로 나타나다. 그러나 우발적 이면에는 필 연성과 인간성이 강한 경우가 많다. 따라서 식품안전 위기 관리를 강화할 때 우발적 이면의 필연성과 인위성을 간과해서는 안 되며 위기를 유발할 수 있는 모든 불협화음을 제때 제거해야 한다. 요인, 불안정 요인. 식품안전은 국민들 에게 직접적이고 장기적으로 건강에 영향을 주기 때문에 이에 대한 관리는 매 우 중요하다. 그러나 식품안전과 관련한 문제는 끊임없이 제기되고 있으며, 그 위험 수준을 예측하기가 어려울 뿐만 아니라, 발생되는 문제도 식품이 물과 같이 단발적이며, 단기적인 영향을 주는 것에서 부터 방사능 누출과 같이 장 기적이고 중대한 영향을 미치는 것까지 다양하다. 큰 피해를 입히고 사회 각계의 관심의 초점이 되고 있으므로 식품안전 위기 관리 메커니즘을 구축 및 개선하고 각종 식품안전 위기 관리를 효과적으로 예방하고 효율 적으로 처리하며 우리 사회의 화합과 안정, 경제의 양호한 운영을 유지하며 소비자의 건강과 안전을 보호하는 데 지대한 역할을 한다. 그런 까닭에 식품 이 생산되어 소비되기까지의 전 과정에서 식품의 안전성을 확보하는 것은 국 민 전체의 건강 및 안전과 직결되는 문제로서 최상위의 공익 중의 하나라고 할 것이다. 식품안전 위기관리는 항상 많은 관심을 받았다. 이 논문에서는 관련 분야의 기존 학문적 개념을 탐색하고, 위의 상황을 기반으로 현재 상황을 연구하고, 식품안전 위기에 대처하는 중국의 문제점과 단점을 찾아내고, 이러한 문제점 과 단점의 원인을 분석한다. 이 분야에서 선진 지역의 선진 관행을 참고하여 중국의 식품안전 위기 예방 및 관리 시스템을 개선하기 위해 관련 작업에 대 한 중국의 효과적인 조치를 찾는다. 이와 동시에 감독 방향을 명확히 하고 감 독 비용을 절감하는 데 일정한 이론적 의의가 있다. Food is indispensable for people every day, so food safety must be one of the most concerned issues in the society. In recent years, Chinese media have reported a large number of food safety incidents, including Sanlu milk powder with melamine, KFC's Sudan Red, Nestle milk powder with excessive iodine, Haagen-Dazs' "black workshop" incident, etc., which have aroused high attention from all sectors of society, thus triggering a large number of food safety management mechanisms in China. The question and reflection. It involves the long-term supervision function of relevant functional departments, the ability of situation assessment and emergency response, media supervision and control,incident responsibility tracing, the popularization of food safety knowledge of the public, and the connection and communication with international food safety standards and other cross-cutting issues, and these issues must be reflected in a positive, efficient, scientific and responsible way in a short time. This triggered us to establish and improve China's food safety crisis management system thinking. The purpose of this paper is to explore how to improve the ability of food safety crisis management in China. The first,second and third parts of this paper describe related concepts, introduce the theory of crisis management in management and how to apply this theory to food safety crisis management. After studying the current situation and problems of food safety crisis management in China, the main conclusions are as follows: In terms of organizational system, China has formed a crisis response system from central to local levels, but the mode of segmented supervision leads to the failure of crisis prevention management. In terms of working mechanism building, China's food safety monitoring and early warning system has been preliminarily established. An independent crisis investigation mechanism and food recall system have yet to be established. Risk communication is getting more attention, but remains a weak link. In terms of safeguard measures, laws and regulations have gradually improved. From the state to the local, the construction of the traceability system has been paid attention to and made some achievements. However, China's existing food safety standards, formulation process and food safety testing technology need to be strengthened. In addition, although the central and local governments have made coresponding crisis emergency plans, its operability still needs to be improved. The fourth and fifth parts analyze the food safety management system of the United States. The food safety management system in the United States is based on a sound and flexible federal and local legal system and the industry's self-discipline to produce safe food in accordance with the law. Federal, state, and local authorities work together to manage food safety in the United States. Information is open and transparent, full accountability is clear, attention is paid to risk-based food safety analysis methods and early warning system construction, formed a complete and efficient food safety monitoring system, an orderly food-borne epidemic investigation system and a food recall system. Reviewed and analyzed the "tainted spinach incident in the United States" and the "contaminated peanut butter incident with Salmonella in the United States". In the case of "poisoned spinach Incident in the United States", the emergency warning mechanism of "unified management, territor-based and graded response" in the United States sets a good example for us, and provides us with strategic options for reducing food safety risks and effectively dealing with food safety crises. It mainly includes standardizing production standards, encouraging regional marketing agencies to sign marketing agreements,strengthening research on food safety standards, improving the traceability system, and giving full play to the positive role of the media. The disposal of "Salmonella contaminated peanut butter incident in the United States" highlights the important role of strict food recall system and food production safety management in food safety crisis management. The last part proposed our country food safety crisis management system to improve the countermeasure suggestions. Firstly, the overall leading role of food safety coordination institutions should be enhanced in the aspect of organizational system construction. Expand the role of ngos in food safety crisis management. Establish a scientific food safety standard and quality inspection system. Establish a long-term guarantee mechanism for food safety supervision.

Managing innovation: A psychological perspective

Sherman, Dana Michelle Duke University 1999 해외박사(DDOD)

This study explored the process through perceived management practices influence employees' innovation behavior. Although innovation research has established direct linkages between management practices and innovation, the psychological mechanisms that may mediate this relationship have not been examined. Therefore, the goal of the current study was to examine the role of employees' psychological responses to perceived management practices and how these responses influence their innovation behavior. Sixty-one, manager-employee-boss groups from different multi-national organizations participated in the study. Each manager rated his/her own practices whereas each manager's direct reports rated their manager's practices. In addition, each manager's immediate supervisor assessed the innovation activity of each manager's direct reports. Challenging and fair management practices were predicted to engender two psychological states in employees, felt security within the organization and self-efficacy expectations for innovation, which directly motivate innovation. Felt security within the organization was comprised of two important dimensions, employees' beliefs that they are recognized in the organization and perceptions of tolerance. Furthermore, these two psychological states were predicted to interact such that employees who felt both secure in the organization and had strong efficacy beliefs would exhibit the highest levels of innovation. The same linkages among management practices and employee psychological states were also predicted to promote organizational commitment. As predicted, both challenging and fair management practices promoted feelings of security within the organization, particularly the belief that employees are recognized in the organization. In addition, the pattern of results suggests that employees' recognition beliefs mediated the relationship between perceived fairness practices and innovation and commitment. Contrary to the popular literature, recognizing employees' successes was more important than tolerating failure. However, predicted linkages among management practices, self-efficacy, and innovation were not supported. Lastly, the predicted interaction between employees' psychological states was also not supported. Implications from the current study suggest a particular pattern of management practices and employee psychological states that promote innovation and commitment. Finally, results indicate that it is more important for managers to emphasize employees' wins than to tolerate their failures.

Managing sustainable product design by integrating corporate product development practice with ISO14001 Environmental Management Systems

Yang, Yilun Arizona State University 2005 해외박사(DDOD)

Sustainable Product Design (SPD) and ISO14001 Environmental Management System (EMS) are emerging as two important approaches to corporate strategic solutions toward sustainability. Integrating product design management with ISO14001 EMS can be a promising way to fulfill a corporate strategic goal on the triple bottom-line (economic, environmental, and social) benefits. An extensive literature review shows that there is currently no comprehensive model and approach for corporate integration management. The major research question of the dissertation is what are the successes and problems experienced in American manufacturing companies when integrating SPD practice with corporate ISO14001 EMS towards building sustainable business? The dissertation describes the interrelationship between sustainable design practice and contemporary management theory. The study involves two separate phases. In the first phase, a comprehensive evaluation research is adopted to identify companies having superior performance on corporate environmental management and sustainable design practices. A survey research is also conducted to benchmark the cutting-edge integration management practice in the American manufacturing industry. These researches show that there is a critical distinction between leading companies and other manufacturing companies in terms of their practice and performance of integrating corporate SPD and EMS. The key research method adopted in the second phase is an embedded single-case study. Herman Miller, Inc. is selected as the case company and the research focuses on the interaction among the corporate EMS organization, the SPD group, and the product project teams through comprehensively describing the integration management process adopted by the company's Mirra project. Herman Miller's experience further confirms that managing corporate sustainability innovation through integrating product design and environmental management can be an effective approach to achieving competitive advantages. By focusing on the process of managing product development toward corporate sustainable development policy in manufacturing firms, the dissertation advances the first integration management theory and discovers that, to be effective and comprehensive, corporate integration management of SPD with ISO14001 EMSs should be implemented in four levels: policy integration, organization integration, process integration, and tool integration. The dissertation further develops relevant models to formalize corporate SPD and management activities. Together, these findings form the basis for developing guidelines for the integration management of SPD with ISO14001 EMS and contribute to the new paradigm for corporate sustainable innovation management.

Management of Woody Plant Encroachment: Decision Theory, Ecological Theory, & Evaluation

Steigerwald, Phillip Steven Texas A&M University ProQuest Dissertations & Thes 2021 해외박사(DDOD)

Woody plant encroachment (WPE) reduces ecosystem services and economic benefits obtained from rangelands. Prescribed fire disturbance regimes have been identified as an ecologically and economically viable management options. Practitioners have tools for individual treatments but lack process for integrating individual events into successful management regimes. Practitioners lack ecological theory for the interaction between disturbance and WPE in a language and format accessible by the majority of practitioners. Disturbance regime theory (DRT) was developed as ecological theory for practitioners seeking to utilize disturbance, specifically fire to control WPE. DRT utilizes thresholds between population resistance to disturbance intensity and species resilience to disturbance frequency to estimate effects of disturbance regimes to WPE. Disturbance Regime Management (DRM) is the development and application of disturbance regimes for managing WPE. Successful implementation of DRM requires adaptive management. Integrated Rangeland Management System (IRMS) was designed as a structured process for facilitating the implementation of adaptive management on rangelands. It is a wholistic process for visioning, planning, implementing, and monitoring of rangelands. IRMS serves as a common framework for implementing DRM within adaptive rangeland management.Adaptive management and DTR was evaluated through an applied management case study on the Duncan Spade Ranch. McCartney Rose (Rosa bracteata) encroachment was adaptively managed with a prescribed fire disturbance regime. Woody cover was monitored with National Agriculture Imagery Program airborne digital images, permanent line transects, and plot photographs. DRM worksheets were used to make qualitative predictions of impact or no impact on McCartney Rose for resistance to fire intensity and resilience to fire frequency. Classified imagery measured 24% woody cover in 2010 decreasing to 6% in 2018. A paired t-test for line transect McCartney Rose cover measured a significant (P= 0.02, 14 df) decrease in woody cover from 16% in 2012 to 8% in 2018. These data support the use of adaptively managed disturbance regimes to control WPE.This dissertation developed an explicit process for adaptive management. It developed an explicit process for integrating disturbance events into a disturbance management regime to control WPE. Finally, these processes were validated with an adaptive management case study on WPE.

Some solutions to improve human resources management : The case of at Song Da 11 Joint Stock Company

레반룩 동신대학교 대학원 2017 국내석사

By studying and analyzing the realities of the workforce in Song Da 11 Joint Stock Company, the author of the article has the advantage that he is working at Song Da 11 Joint Stock Company so he can clearly see the real conditions causing on the instability of labor force and the author consider the most important subject. In this topic, the author outlined basic requirements of human resources, and views on development and utilization of labor force in enterprises generally and Song Da11 Joint Stock Company particularly. Human resources play a very important role in the process of economic development. We must focus on exploiting and thoroughly promoting the existing human resources. Therefore, one of the top tasks of an enterprise manager is to make human resources decisions in a scientific, appropriate and rational way, that is to know people, employ people and retain the talent ... to create a workforce with sufficient quantity and quality in order to bring prosperity to unit and contribute to the economic development of the country. Due to limited research time, the solutions suggested in the dissertation are subjective opinions of the author so the defects in comments, assessments, and solutions are inevitable. The author expects that the leaders of the Song Da 11 Joint Stock Company will take consideration, based on convenient conditions, then make plans to implement in the future in order to contribute to the stabilization and development of the company's labor force in the upcoming time. 인적자원은 시장 경제에서 기업의 성공을 결정하는 요소이다. 강한 자본금이 있고 첨단 기술설비와 좋은 서비스가 있어도 인적자원이 좋지 않으면 발전을 하지 못하고 시장에서 도태되어 경쟁력 있는 제품을 생산 할 수 없다. 좋은 인적자원이 기업의 경쟁력에 유리 할 뿐만 아니라 기업의 성패를 결정하는 요소이기도 하다. 특히 현재 베트남이 국제시장에 깊이 진입하는 단계에서 좋은 인적 구성 방법과 인재 채용 및 인력을 유치하여 두뇌(인재) 유출 현상이 발생하지 않도록 하는 것에 기업들의 관심이 몰려있다. 이에 본 연구자는 송다 그룹의 14개 자회사 중에서 송다11(주)에 대해 연구 하였다. 송다11(주)의 제품은 시장서 소비자의 신뢰를 받오 있으나 인적 자원 관리에 관해 많은 문제가 제기되고 있다. 간부급 혼입과 인재 노출 현상등이 지속적으로 발생하였으나 구체적인 대책 없이 젊은 인력의 퇴사와 같은 회사 생산 목표 및 경영현황에 악영향을 끼치고 있다. 이와 같은 배경으로 2017년 - 2020년 송다11(주) 인적 관리를 연주 주제로 하며 본 연구에서는 인적 관리 연구 및 분석 함으로써 회사의 지도자의 인적 자원 관리의 문제점을 파악하고 보완에 대한 대책을 세우려한다. 본 연구의 목표는 첫째, 인적 관리 이론을 총괄적으로 연구한다. 둘째, 송다11(주)의 장단점을 분석하여 인적 관리의 문제점의 인과관계를 파악한다. 셋째, 2017년 - 2020년 송다11(주)의 인적 관리의 보완을 제시한다. 이에 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 송다11(주)의 인적 자원관리의 문제점으로는 단기 인적 기획만 수립가능 하였으며 장기 인적 기획의 불가 와 인적 기획은 회사의 발전 전략, 목표에 부적합하며 채용 활동을 활발히 하지 않으며 채용에 있어 공평성이 보장되지 않았다. 또한 채용과정에 있어 주요 인맥을 이용한 채용, 낙하산 현상등으로 형식적인 채용 절차가 많아 구체적인 채용 기준이 없고 객관적이 않다는 문제점이 있다. 그러나 송다11(주)는 상당히 효율적인 발전 전략과 목표를 충족하는 인력을 유지 및 생산 경영 활동에 대응 가능한 인적 조직을 운영하고 있다. 더불어 송다11(주)의 업무 배정은 임직원의 적성 및 능력에 맞으며 평가방법이 합리적이며 급여 제도가 임직원의 기본적인 요구를 충족하고 있다. 본 논문의 연구자는 송다11(주)에 근무하며 송다11(주)의 인적 자원의 불안정의 현황과 인과관계가 파악 가능하여 인적 자원 활용을 개괄적으로 파악 할 수 있다. 인적 자원이 경제 성장 과정에 중요한 역할을 하고 있기 때문에 현재 인재의 활용과 개발에 집중해야한다. 또한 추가 채용 및 인력 유지도 중요하다. 본 연구의 시사점으로는 연구 기간이 길지 않아 본 연구에서 언급한 대책은 연구자의 주관적인 의견이며 의견 제시와 평가 및 대책에 있어 미흡한 점이 있기 마련이다. 본 연구자는 송다11(주) 지도자가 본 대책을 실헹하여 향후 기업의 발전과 인적 자원의 안정화 및 인력 개발을 하였으면 한다.

Three Essays on CEO's Impression Management

Jin, Jing ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Rice University 2016 해외박사(DDOD)

Impression management has been used by organizations, especially their top executives, in various situations so that they could influence the image of the organizations or top executives in the eyes of external audiences. An impression management process involves two parties, actors, who initiate impression management tactics, and targets, who give feedback to actors suggesting whether impression management is successful or not. My three essays intend to address different questions involved in this process. In particular, essay one addresses the question: how CEOs do impression management during mergers and acquisitions announcements? Given that acquirer firms tend to receive negative stock market reactions, I argue that CEOs have two different approaches to do impression management in this situation using strategic noise. More specifically, CEOs could either release positive strategic noise to offset potential negative effect, or release negative strategic noise to obscure the causal link between the acquisition announcements and negative stock market reactions. I find empirical support for my hypotheses based on zero-inflated negative binomial models. Essay two addresses the question: how impression management works when there are multiple target audiences? Does one target's reaction influence another? To address these questions, I examine whether CEOs could adopt impression management tactics to influence analysts' and investors' reactions, and whether their reactions could ultimately affect boards' decisions on CEO dismissal in the context of financial restatements. I find that CEOs tend to release more news after financial restatements that could improve investors' and analysts' reactions. Improved analysts' reactions could reduce CEO dismissal likelihood after financial restatements. Essay three focuses on a different question: whether comparable firms' situations affect the effectiveness of focal firm's impression management? This question is especially critical when firms desire to engage in impression management in anticipation of negative news. I developed a theoretical model to address this question. In particular, I categorize all possible situations into four different scenarios based on the dimensions of consistency information and consensus information. I further discuss and compare different causal attribution strategies in each scenario. To achieve successful impression management, I suggest that firms provide explanations that are consistent with external audiences' perceptions. In addition, beyond this objective information, external audiences' reactions are also affected by their emotional and biased beliefs.