언어변화와 어문규정, 그리고 한국어교육

송철의 ( Song Cheoleui ) 중국한국(조선)어교육연구학회 2019 한국(조선)어교육연구 Vol.14 No.-

This article reviews the differences between the Regulation of Standard Korean Language (Hangeul Orthography, The Rules of Standard Korean Pronunciation etc.) and the actually used Korean language, caused by language change, and the issues involved in language change and Korean language education, focusing on the changes in the irregular conjugation and the simplification of the nominal stem final position consonants. Language changes with the change of time. However, the Regulation of Standard Language, “the official standard that should be complied with and conformed to in language life,” is not changed by itself, because it is an artificially enacted regulation for maintaining order in language life. The Regulation of Standard Language is often considered as conservative, because it is stationary in comparison with the language of the real world. As the Regulation of Standard Language is stationary while the actually used language is changing, differences are naturally found between the Regulation and the language of the real world after a considerable amount of time passes since the enactment of the Regulation. The language change needs to be reflected as much as possible to the Regulation of Standard Korean Language to reduce the differences. In the high-level education of Korean language, it should be taught that there are differences between the Regulation of Standard Korean Language and the actually used Korean language because of the language change.

國語 띄어쓰기 規定의 검토와 改善案 연구

박정규 한국어문교육연구회 2011 어문연구 Vol.39 No.3

The aim of this paper is to present the ultimate reform measure of the ‘Korean Spacing Words Regulation’. The reason of this proposal is due to be discovered the most serious problem in current ‘Korean Spacing Words Regulation’. Current ‘Korean Spacing Words Regulation’ is constituted 10 items but it is duplicated the dominant principle or same contents. Also, current ‘Korean Spacing Words Regulation’ is contained self-contradictory expla- nation in 47, 48 items. Among others, the most serious problem is that current ‘Korean Spacing Words Regulation’ is described by the unit of ‘parts of speech’. At first sight, that explanation seems to be adequate method. But, to be sure, it make an error because spacing by word is the same method spacing by ‘parts of speech’. For this reason, many people don’t understand the problem of the ‘Korean Spacing Words Regulation’. Therefore these problems must be improved in order to change more easy ‘Spacing Words Regulation’. On the other hand, ‘Korean Spacing Words Regulation’ must be separated from ‘the rules of spelling of Hangeul[한글 맞춤법]’ in order to become substantial ‘Korean Spacing Words Regulation’. 이 글에서 筆者는, <한글 맞춤법>의 一部를 차지하고 있는 現行 띄어쓰기 規定에 나타난 문제점을 最小化하기 위한 방법으로서, 41항부터 50항의 10개 조항의 設定 취지를 먼저 검토한 후, 나름대로의 代案을 제시하는 데 主力하였다. 이는 현행 규정에 나타난 문제점 중 가장 결정적인 문제점이, 단어를 品詞 단위로 바꾸어 설명하는 方式에 의거하고 있는 데 주로 起因하는 것으로 보이기 때문이다. 따라서 현행 띄어쓰기 규정은, 品詞的 관점에 입각한 설명 방식을 가급적 止揚하여, 국어 사용자들로 하여금 어떤 語句가 한 단어인지 아닌지를 판별할 수 있게 하는 造語的 설명 방식으로 바꾸는 것이 보다 有用할 것으로 여겨진다. 한편 現行 띄어쓰기 규정이 보다 充實한 설명이 되기 위해서는, 현재 <한글 맞춤법>의 一部로 되어 있는 것을, ‘標準語 규정’이나 ‘外來語 表記法’과 같이 獨立된 규정으로 분리하는 것도 적극적으로 검토할 必要가 있어 보인다.

<훈민정음>(1446)과 어문규정(1988)의 역사적 상관성 연구 -<해례>의 규정과 <한글 맞춤법>을 중심으로?

이상혁 ( Lee Sang Hyeok ) 한성대학교 한성어문학회 2012 한성어문학 Vol.31 No.-

This article examines the historical connection among Hunminjeongeum (1446), South Korea`s current regulations on Hangeul(어문규정, 1988), and North Korea`s current regulations on Hangeul(조선말규범집, 1987), with emphasis on their proposed spelling conventions. The summary of my findings is provided as follows. First, since the emergence of the earliest convention detailed in Haerye, the spelling conventions have shifted from phonemic to phonetic. Second, by comparing Hunminjeongeum and current regulations on Hangeul, we can observe the changes in linguists` understanding of the properties of consonants and vowels. It should be noted that these issues are understood differently by scholars in North and South Korea. Third, as for the horizontal writing convention of the onset consonants, there is a substantial difference among Hunminjeongeum, South Korea`s current regulations on Hangeul, and North Korea`s current regulations on Hangeul. Data confirms that the convention proposed in South Korea`s current regulations on Hangeul is closer to that of Hunminjeongeum than North Korea`s current regulations on Hangeul. Fourth, due to the different interpretations of Hunminjeongeum in the two countries, the spelling conventions experienced a disjuncture, leaving each country with a different convention. The North Korean convention, however, is closer to the original one proposed in Hunminjeongeum. Finally, as for the genitive ㅅ, we observe that scholars in the 15th century used the convention we still believe to be an accurate reflection of language use today.

표준어 관련 규정 및 새 해설에 대한 검토

이선웅 ( Yi Seon-ung ) 반교어문학회 2018 泮橋語文硏究 Vol.0 No.48

본 연구에서는 2017년 국립국어원의 발주로 마련된 어문 규정의 새 해설 중 표준어 규정 해설의 개선 사항을 집중적으로 고찰하는 한편, 표준어와 한글 맞춤법의 구분 문제, 표준어 관련 규정의 문제점, 표준어 규정의 위상 등을 종합적으로 고찰하였다. 첫째, 표준어 규정은 음성 언어에서부터 적용되는 규정이고 한글 맞춤법은 표준어(올바른 음성 형태)를 올바르게 적는 방법에 대한 규정임을 밝혔다. 둘째, 현행 한글 맞춤법 중 어떤 조항이 실질적으로 표준어 규정인지를 밝혔다. 셋째, 표준어 규정과 실질적으로 표준어 규정인 한글 맞춤법 일부 조항에 드러난 문제점을 밝혔다. 넷째, 표준어 규정에 대한 기존 해설과 새 해설의 주요 부분을 대조함으로써 새 해설에서 어떠한 개선이 이루어졌는지를 밝혔다. 다섯째, 표준어 규정은 몇 개의 기본 원칙을 제외하고 사실상 「표준국어대사전」으로 대치할 수 있으며 몇 개의 기본 원칙조차 「표준국어대사전」에서 ‘일러두기’에서 표준어 사정 원칙의 형식으로 제시할 수 있음을 주장하였다. This study focuses on the improvement of the commentary of the standard language in the new commentaries of the language regulations prepared by the order of the National Korean Language Institute in 2017, and discusses the problem of distinction between standard language and Hangeul spelling regulations, the problems of standard language regulation and the problems of the status of standard language regulations. Firstly, I show that the standard language regulations are applied from the spoken language, and the Hangeul spelling regulations are regulations on how to correctly write the standard language (correct voice form). Secondly, I show that in the current Hangeul spelling regulations which one are standard language regulations in fact. Thirdly, we examined the problems of standard language regulations and Hangeul spelling regulations which are standard language regulations in fact. Fourthly, we showed how improvements were made in the commentary by comparing the main part of the existing commentary with that of the new commentary on the standard language regulations. Fifthly, I suggest that the standard language regulations can be replaced with a Standard Korean Language Dictionary except for some basic principles, and even the basic principles can be presented in the form of the selection principles of entries in the Standard Korean Language Dictionary.

국어 어문규범의 표기대상: 한글맞춤법과 외래어표기법의 경우

정경일 한국어학회 2016 한국어학 Vol.71 No.-

This paper focuses on the relation between the Language regulation about Korean and the object of writing of that especially about Hangeul Orthography and Orthography of Loanword. I think that the objects of writing of these two regulations are set up inappropriately. Hangeul orthography is a rule to transcribe standard language and Orthography of Loanword is a rule to transcribe loanword. As a result, many of the real linguistic presences in Korean society such as nonstandard languages, dialects, new words, foreign words couldn’t be transcribed by those regulations. The writer`s assertion concerning these problems is the current standard of two orthographies should be revised to a new standard in particular for the object of writing . The object of Hangeul Orthography should be changed from standard language to whole Korean language which is used in Korean society for the purpose of communication. Through this change, we transcribed the whole linguistic presence in Korea. In case of Orthography of Loanword, the object of it should be extended to foreign words and the loan words to be included in Hangeul Orthography. Accordingly, the Orthography of Loanword should be renamed Orthography of foreign word by Hangeul.

한국어 표기 규범의 존재 형식과 적용 방식에 대한 비판적 고찰: <한글 맞춤법> 제30항 ‘사이시옷’ 규정을 중심으로

조태린 국어국문학회 2024 국어국문학 Vol.0 No.208

본고는 <한글 맞춤법> 제30항 ‘사이시옷’ 규정을 중심으로 한국어 표기 규범의 존재 형식과 적용 방식을 비판적으로 고찰하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 본고는 먼저 언어 규범과 언어학의 관계와 특성을 살피면서 <한글 맞춤법>에서 나타나는 ‘언어학적 과잉’의 문제를 검토하고, <한글 맞춤법> 문제에 대한 언어학적 접근의 문제점을 확인한다. 이어서 성문화된 규정 형식의 한국어 표기 규범의 한계를 파악하고 국어사전 중심의 한국어 표기 규범의 필요성과 의미를 제시하고자 한다. 마지막으로 본고는 현행 사이시옷 표기 규범의 문제점도 언어학적 과잉과 성문화된 규정 형식에서 기인함을 확인하면서 향후 사이시옷은 미표기를 원칙으로 하되 관련 표기의 준거를 성문화된 규정이 아니라 국어사전을 통해 제시할 것을 제안한다. The purpose of this paper is to critically review the form of presence and application of the Korean orthographic norm, focusing on the provision 30 ‘Sai-siot’ of <Hangeul Spelling>. To this end, this paper first reviews the problem of ‘linguistic excess’ in <Hangeul Spelling> by examining the relationship and characteristics between language norms and linguistics, and verifies the problem of the theoretical linguistic approach to <Hangul Spelling>. In addition, this paper tries to reveal the limitations of the Korean orthographic norm in the form of codified regulations and to present the necessity and meaning of the Korean dictionary as Korean orthographic norm. Finally, this paper confirms that the problems of the current ‘Sai-siot’ notation norm is also due to linguistic excess and form of codified regulations, and suggests that ‘Sai-siot’ should be unmarked in principle and that related normative notation should be presented through Korean dictionaries rather than codified regulations.

외래어 표기법의 한계와 극복 방안

김선철 ( Seon Cheol Kim ) 대한언어학회 2008 언어학 Vol.16 No.2

The purpose of this article is to reveal shortcomings and to prepare their overcoming ways of RHTL. RHTL is closer to the method of hangeulizing `foreign words` than that of hangeulizing `loanwords`. It is because it was made for unifying the spelling of foreign words coming in future. But it could function to unify competing vulgar spellings of loanwords or foreign words. So it would not be necessary to ament the title of the regulation. Moreover, the fact that `loanword` is ambiguous in Korean is another reason of it. RHTL has several defects in terms of expression and content. And we can find out that the managing attitude of the authorities so far has had a problem which is excessive sound fundamentalism. That is, authorizing common vulgar spellings is the most important act considering the purpose of national language (and writing) policy, but there has been some cases that some eminent vulgar spellings were ignored. And we think sound fundamentalism may not have to enforce us that the regulations are to be applied whenever the source undergoes language change. All of these controversial points could be settled with add of some explanations and modification of managing attitude of regulations.

한글 맞춤법 탐구의 실태와 내용 - ‘사이시옷 표기 규정’을 중심으로 -

강보선 ( Kang Bosun ) 한국문법교육학회 2021 문법 교육 Vol.42 No.-

The purpose of this study is to specifically prepare content for orthography inquiry. As a result of analyzing the current status of orthography education, orthography was considered as an object of understanding and utilization, but orthography was not well recognized as an object of inquiry. In addition, in this study, when it comes to exploring orthography, 'orthography inquiry' should be a critical inquiry, and content elements of critical inquiry include 'what are the problems of this regulation?' and 'what is suggested as a way to solve the problems of this regulation, and what are the pros and cons of that method?'. Applying this to a inquiry for the 'Saisiot Regulation', 'What is the problem with labeling saisiot differently depending on the type of word?' and 'Pros and cons of marking and not marking Saisiot' were selected as the content elements of the inquiry, and the detailed contents of each were considered.

한국인과 외국인 학습자의 한글맞춤법 지식 정도 차이 연구

박정아(Park Jeong-Ah) 우리말학회 2020 우리말연구 Vol.61 No.-

이 글은 한국인과 외국인 학습자의 한글맞춤법 지식 정도의 차이를 알아보고 외국인 학습자가 특별히 더욱 어려워하는 한글맞춤법 및 표준어 규정이 무엇인지에 대해 밝히는 논문이다. 연구 결과, 한국이 집단이 표준어 규정을 제외한 모든 문항에서 더 높은 정답률을 보였다. 하지만 초급 수준에서부터 명시적인 교육을 받고 사용빈도가 높은 항목의 경우 외국인 학습자들이 더 높은 정답률을 보이는 세부 항목도 있었다. 즉, 모어로써 습득하는 것보다 명시적인 교육을 받을수록 한글맞춤법에 알맞게 한국어를 사용하게 된다는 사실을 알 수 있었다. 세부적으로 한국인들은 ‘소리의 관한 것’ 항목에서 어려움을 느꼈던 반면 외국인 학습자의 경우 ‘형태의 관한 것’ 항목에서 더욱 어려움을 느꼈던 것으로 나타나 집단의 한글맞춤법 지식 정도에 분명한 차이가 있었다. In this study, a paper that examines the status of Korean and foreign learners perception of Hangeul spelling and reveals what are the Korean orthography and standard language rules that foreign learners find particularly difficult. The study found that Korean had a higher correct answer rate in all questions except for standard language regulations. However, there were other details where foreign learners had higher correct answers for items that received explicit training from beginner level and were more frequently used. In other words, through explicit education, the Korean language can be used accordingly. In detail, Koreans found themselves more difficult in the ‘Following the sound’ category, while foreign learners found themselves more difficult in the ‘according to the word-rule’ category, indicating a clear difference in the group s perception of Hangeul spelling.

경음화(硬音化)와 한글 맞춤법

임석규 ( Im Seok-kyu ) 한국어문교육연구회 2018 어문연구 Vol.46 No.1

This article is aimed at reviewing tensification regulations in Hangeul orthography. Tensification regulations centered at chapter 5 is not easy to understand due to many ambiguous expressions; “The tense sound that is pronounced without any apparent reason in one word is transcribed to the beginning of the next syllable.” In particular, we examined the regulations related to tensification with an emphasis on ‘distinct reasons’. Thus “tense sound with uncertain motivation should be marked only in the syllable.” A phrase “in case when same syllables or similar syllables are overlapped” could be lucidly understood when supplemented at chapter 13. ‘-ilge(-을게)’ should be written as a tense sound as pronounced and ‘-ilg□l(-을걸)’ should not be tensified in connection with ‘-il g□sil(-을 것을)’. Because in most cases, sibilant consonant after liquid sound becomes tensified ‘-ilsurok(-을수 록)’ and ‘-il□irado(-을지라도)’ also should be written as fortis sound.