유아의 기초학습능력과 어머니의 성취기대불안에 따른 군집화:유아의 자기조절능력과 어머니의 학습관여의 군집 예측가능성

전은옥,최나야 한국보육학회 2017 한국보육학회지 Vol.17 No.1

This study examined the possibility of clustering using 5-year-old children’s basic learning ability and mothers' achievement expectation anxiety, and compared the impact of the children's self-regulation ability and mothers’ learning involvement for each cluster. The subjects were 239 children (120 boys & 119 girls) aged 5 and attending 9 kindergartens in Seoul, Gyeonggi and Incheon, and also their mothers. The collected data were analyzed using non-hierarchical (K-means) cluster analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis. The findings of this study were as follows. First, the mother-child pairs were classified into four clusters of ‘high learning ability-high expectation anxiety’, ‘high learning ability–low expectation anxiety’, ‘low learning ability-low expectation anxiety’, or ‘low learning ability-high expectation anxiety’group. Second, the level of child’s self-monitoring, self-control, and mother’s respect and love were significantly higher in the ‘high learning ability-low expectations anxiety’ group than the ‘low learning ability-high expectation anxiety’ group. Also, pressure for academic achievement was higher in the ‘high learning ability-high expectation anxiety’ group than the ‘low learning ability-low expectations anxiety’ group. Third, child’s self-monitoring, mother’s pressure for academic achievement, home learning activities, and respect/love for child predicted the clustering using children’s basic learning ability and mothers' achievement expectation anxiety. 본 연구는 취학 직전 만 5세 유아의 기초학습능력과 어머니의 성취기대불안에 따른 군집화 가능성을 살펴보고, 유아의 자기조절능력과 어머니의 학습관여가 각 군집에 미치는 영향력을 비교해 보는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 서울, 인천, 경기 지역 9개 유치원의 만 5세 유아 239명(남아 120명, 여아 119명)과 해당 유아의 어머니 239명을 대상으로 조사하였다. 수집된 자료는 PASW 18.0 프로그램을 사용하여 비계층적 군집분석, 다항로지스틱 회귀분석을 사용하여 분석하였다. 자료 분석 결과, 첫째, 유아의 기초학습능력과 어머니의 성취기대불안의 수준에 따라 ‘고학습능력-고기대불안’, ‘고학습능력-저기대불안’, ‘저학습능력-고기대불안’, ‘저학습능력-저기대불안’의 4군집이 분류되었다. 둘째, 유아의 자기조절능력 하위 요인인 ‘자기점검’, ‘자기통제’와 어머니의 학습관여 하위 요인인 ‘존중과 사랑’은 ‘고학습능력-저기대불안’군집이 ‘저학습능력-고기대불안’군집보다 높고,‘학업성과압력’은 ‘고학습능력-고기대불안’군집이 ‘저학습능력-저기대불안’군집보다 높은 수준이었다. 셋째, 유아의 자기조절능력의 ‘자기점검’과 어머니의 학습관여의 ‘학업성과압력’, ‘가정학습활동’, ‘존중과 사랑’이 학습능력-기대불안 군집 구분을 예측하였다.

또래관계기술이 사회불안에 영향을 미치는 기제: 자기통찰에 의해 중재된 자기제시기대의 매개 효과

양윤란,오경자 한국임상심리학회 2007 Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology Vol.26 No.1

The present study investigated (1) the mediational effects of self-presentational expectancy in the relationship between peer relational skills and social anxiety and (2) whether degree of self-insight moderates this relationship. Peer relational skills data were obtained through self and peer reports, and the data of self-presentational expectancy, self-insight, and social anxiety were obtained through self-reports in 272 4th-5th graders and 279 8th-9th graders. Self-insight was measured by administering the private self-consciousness subscale of the self-consciousness scale, and participants whose scores fell in the upper 50th percentile formed the high self-insight group and the lower 50th percentile formed the low self-insight group. The results of the structural equations modelling were as follows: (1) the mediational effect of self-presentational expectancy on the relationship between peer relational skills and social anxiety was found both children and adolescents. (2) self-presentational expectancy mediated the relationship between peer relational skills and social anxiety in the high self-insight group but not in the low self-insight group. More specifically, high self-insight children and adolescents with initiative, cooperative, and empathic peer relational skills increases their expectancy for positive response from peers in peer interactions and such a positive self-presentational expectancy appears to lower social anxiety.

노화불안이 성공적 노화에 대한 기대와 은퇴준비에 미치는 영향

정석식,박상범 한국생산성학회 2015 생산성연구 Vol.29 No.2

In this study, we analyzed the direct and indirect effects of expectant retirees’ psychological causes of aging anxiety and expectation for successful aging to retirement preparation using structure equation model. The first analysis result that expectant retirees’ expectation for successful aging has positive significant effect indicates if one has the higher expectation for successful aging he or she prepares for retirement more thoroughly, which shows expectation leads to preparation. The second analysis result show that expectation of expectant retirees’ expectation for successful aging influences significantly to retirement preparation. The third analysis result shows that aging anxiety affects not negatively to the expectation for successful aging but positively. The first two results do not deviate from to some extent what we can expect in general. However, the third result is somewhat different from our expectation. The result can be explained this way. That is, among the respondents to the questionaire more than half (63.4%) are the age of 40’s. Aging anxiety influences to expectant retirees in terms of successful aging differently according to the age. That is, in their 40’s, people view aging anxiety more of positively than negatively. This result implies that aging anxiety should be analyzed from the different perspective regarding retirement preparation, and comparison studies between early 40’s and impending expectant retirees and retirees should be conducted. This result is important because in this country the speed of aging is the fastest over the world, the so-called baby-boomers are just started to retire without enough preparation, individuals as well as the government is not prepared for the situation of aged society. Therefore every possible means should be adopted and executed to reduce problems rising from the situation. But the means should be elaborate to be effective and efficient as this study results show.

사전반추와 차이감소기대가 사회불안에 미치는 영향

임재원,박준호 한국건강심리학회 2016 한국심리학회지 건강 Vol.21 No.3

본 연구는 사회적 상황에서 차이감소기대 수준에 따라서 사전반추가 사회불안에 미치는 영향이달라진다는 이원상호작용 가설을 세웠으며 이를 실험을 통하여 검증하였다. 2(차이감소기대: 고/ 저) × 2 (사전반추: 유/무)의 완전무선설계였으며 대학생 68명이 참가하였다. 사전반추를 시행한집단은 첫 번째 발표를 앞두고 발표를 하는 동안 목소리가 떨리거나 긴장하는 상황을 떠올린 후자신의 모습이 평가자들에게 어떻게 보일지 생각하였다. 반면에 사전반추를 시행하지 않은 집단은 사전반추의 지시문이 주어지지 않고 컴퓨터 과제만 실시하였다. 그 다음 자신이 선택한 목표점수보다 실제 점수가 더 낮게 부정적 환류(feedback)를 제시받은 후 목표점수와 실제점수의 차이가 감소될 가능성을 높거나(차이감소기대 높은 집단) 낮게(차이감소기대 낮은 집단) 제시받았다. 이후 두 번째 발표를 앞두고 사회적 공포 척도를 측정하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 보면 사회불안에 사전반추와 차이감소기대의 이원상호작용이 유의하여 가설이 지지되었다. 구체적으로 보면차이감소기대가 낮은 집단에서는 사전반추를 시행한 집단이 사전반추를 시행하지 않은 집단보다사회불안이 유의하게 높았다. 반면에 차이감소기대가 높은 집단에서는 사전반추 시행한 집단과시행하지 않은 집단의 차이는 유의하지 않았다. 이러한 이원상호작용의 가설은 부정적 평가의 두려움이 매개 역할을 하는 것으로 검증되었다. 이 결과를 토대로 본 연구의 시사점과 제한점 및장래연구 방향을 논의하였다. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of anticipatory rumination on social anxiety according to the level of expectancy of discrepancy reduction. The main hypothesis of this study was as follows: The effect of anticipatory rumination on social anxiety would be significant with low level of expectancy of discrepancy reduction. Such effect would be in, significant with high level of expectancy of discrepancy reduction. This study had a 2 (expectancy of discrepancy reduction: high/low) × 2 (anticipatory rumination: yes/no) completely randomized design. A total of, 68 undergraduates participated in the experiment. Results of the study revealed that the effect of the interaction between anticipatory rumination and expectancy of discrepancy reduction on social anxiety was significant. Therefore, the main hypothesis was supported. Specifically, significantly higher social anxiety was found in the group with low level of expectancy of discrepancy reduction when, anticipatory rumination was carried out. On the other hands, in the group with high level of expectancy of discrepancy reduction, no significant difference in social anxiety was found between the group with anticipatory rumination and the group without. Our results also verified that fear of negative evaluation played a mediating role in social anxiety. The implications and limitations of the present study and future research directions are also discussed.

부력 개념 학습에서 불일치 현상 대면 여부에 따른 중학교 영재학생의 불안 수준 변화 분석

강지훈,김지나 한국영재학회 2023 영재교육연구 Vol.33 No.3

For adolescent gifted students, who experience a myriad of emotional changes and are particularly prone to emotional turbulence, anxiety that emerges during science learning can significantly influence their academic performance and achievement. As anxiety levels during learning can fluctuate depending on the situation, it is crucial to identify the level of student anxiety throughout the entire learning process. In this study, we classified the learning process about buoyancy into three phases: ‘confronting a task’, ‘checking the result’, and ‘learning the concepts.’ We then analyzed the shifts in anxiety levels among middle school gifted students based on their exposure to the violation of expectation. During the process of checking the results after confronting the buoyancy concept task, there was no significant change in anxiety levels for the VOE(Violation of Expectation) group, even when they were confronted with results inconsistent with their expectation. Conversely, the anxiety levels in the nVOE group, whose results matched their expectations, decreased. When progressing to learning the buoyancy concept after checking the results, the nVOE group's anxiety levels did not exhibit significant changes, while those of the VOE group decreased. These results were compared with previous research and existing anxiety theories, and their educational implications were discussed. The findings of this study will broaden our understanding of the anxiety experienced by middle school gifted students during science learning, and contribute to establishing a theoretical bais for examining anxiety in gifted students.

The Influence of Self-expectations on AI Adoption Expectations and Anxiety

( Seungyon Lee ) 국제인문사회연구학회 2025 Studies on Humanities and Social Sciences (SHSC) Vol.7 No.1

The primary objective of this research is to examine the impact of an individual's self-expectation on AI adoption expectations and anxiety. Based on six items (perceived likelihood of marriage, perceived fertility, academic goals, anticipated happiness in 20 years, desired retirement age, and desired lifespan), the values of each item measuring self-expectation were categorized into three levels: high, medium, and low. A total of 251 undergraduate students participated in the survey to investigate these relationships. The results reveal that individuals with high self-expectations are likely to have higher expectations for AI adoption. However, the relationship between self-expectation and AI adoption anxiety shows both positive and negative correlations. This suggests that self-expectation and AI adoption anxiety may have a U-shaped nonlinear relationship, implying that AI adoption expectations and anxiety may function independently. This research highlights that AI adoption will play a key role in developing tailored strategies and policy frameworks for technology implementation.

비대면수업과 대면수업에서 나타나는 무용실기의 수행불안과 기대감의 차이

김나영 대한무용/동작심리치료학회 2022 신체심리연구 Vol.8 No.1

This is an experimental study to verify on levels of a dance education class in a college for psychological effects such as anxiety and expectation. The dance education program was differently constructed according to a group(n=33) with online lectures and an cont rol group(n=31) with in person lectures. Results of this study were as follows: firstly, anxiety levels of pretest were similar for both online lecture group and in person lecture group, while levels of anxiety for online lectures group demonstrated rapid increment at the post-test. Secondly, levels of expectation of the in person lecture group show grad ually decrease while the online lecture group demonstrates increasing levels of expectatio n. The result, levels of expectation for the online lectures group were demonstrated incre ments, while that of the in person lecture group showed a standstill, indicates that the samples in the online lecture group has considered their ability to sufficient perform dancing motion.

역량평가(Assessment Center) 상황에서 불안, 대처기대, 평가의 중요성 인식 및 수행의 관계: 조절된 매개 모형

안현욱,손영우 한국코칭심리학회 2025 한국심리학회지: 코칭 Vol.9 No.1

Research on assessment centers (ACs) has primarily emphasized their practical utility in evaluating competencies. The present study extends the literature by exploring the psychological mechanisms of anxiety, coping expectancy, perceived importance of assessment, and performance in high-stakes AC contexts. Using data from 130 public-sector employees in South Korea, this study examined the relationships between anxiety and performance focusing on coping expectancy as a mediator and perceived importance of assessment as a moderator. Unlike prior studies that relied solely on self-reported measures, this study incorporated actual performance scores based on professional assessors’ evaluations of two simulated tasks. Although the linear effect of anxiety on performance was not statistically significant, the further analysis revealed a significant curvilinear effect, suggesting that performance declines more steeply when anxiety exceeds a certain level. Furthermore, the indirect effect of anxiety on performance through coping expectancy was significant when the perceived importance of the assessment was at or above the mean, but not significant at lower levels. These findings suggest that the perceived importance of the assessment may moderate the indirect relationship between anxiety and performance via coping expectancy. Our findings contribute to the understanding of psychological dynamics in ACs and suggest the need to manage anxiety, increase coping expectancy, and adjust perceived importance of assessments to improve performance outcomes.

병리적 자기애가 사회불안에 미치는 영향에서 자기제시동기: 기대 차이와 분노반추의 매개효과

김용희 대한스트레스학회 2019 스트레스硏究 Vol.27 No.4

본 연구는 병리적자기애가 사회불안에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고, 그 과정에서 자기제시동기와 자기제시기대간의 차이와 분노반추의 이중매개효과를 검증하였다. 전체 307명의 대학생들을 대상으로 해당되는 질문지를 실시하고, 구조방정식을 이용하여 통계분석을 실시하였다. 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 병리적 자기애는 자기제시동기와 기대 차이 또는 분노반추를 거쳐 사회불안에 영향을 미치는 단일매개효과가 있었다. 둘째, 병리적 자기애가 자기제시동기와 기대차이와 분노반추를 통해 사회불안에 영향을 미치는 이중매개효과도 나타났다. 따라서 병리적 자기애와 사회불안의 심리적 개입에서 필요한 점들을 논의하였으며, 연구의한계와 후속연구에 대한 제언을 논의하였다 Background: The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of pathological narcissism on social anxiety, and the dual mediating effects of difference of self-presentation motivation and self-presentation expectancies and anger rumination. Methods: A total of 307 college students participated in this study by completing the questionnaires and to solve the research questions, AMOS and bootstrapping analysis was employed. Results: First, pathological narcissism had a significant interrelation to self-presentation motivation, self-presentation expectancies, anger rumination, and social anxiety. Second, it was confirmed that pathological narcissism affected social anxiety by mediating both difference of self-presentation motivation and self-presentation expectancies and anger rumination. Third, the dual mediating effects of difference of self-presentation motivation and self-presentation expectancies and anger rumination on the relationship between pathological narcissism and social anxiety was found. Conclusions: Implication for empirical research and clinical practice regarding treatment of clients with pathological narcissism and social anxiety are discussed. Limitation of current research and suggestions for future study are discussed.

자기제시 기대와 자기초점 주의가사회불안에 미치는 영향

강성덕,박준호 한국청소년학회 2018 청소년학연구 Vol.25 No.10

본 연구는 사회적 상황에서 자기제시 기대와 자기초점 주의가 사회불안에 미치는 영향에 대한 이원상호작용 가설을 세우고 실험을 통하여 검증하였다. 2(자기제시 기대 : 저/고) x 2(자기초점 주의 : 외부초점/내부초점)의 완전무선설계였으며 대학생 69명의 자료가 사용되었다. 자기초점은 외부초점과 내부초점으로 나누어 3분 동안 글을 작성하도록 하였고, 자기소개를 평가받을 것을 알려주고 6분간 준비하도록 하였다. 카메라가 설치된 컴퓨터로 자리를 옮긴 후 자기소개 도중 평가가 3회 나타남을 고지하였다. 발표 시 3회의 평가를 통해 자기제시 기대를 고, 저로 조작하였다. 두 번째 발표를 앞두고 사회적 공포 적도를 측정하여 사회불안을 측정하였다. 연구 결과 자기초점을 자신의 내부에 초점을 맞춘 집단은 자기제시 기대가 낮은 집단 보다 높은 집단이 사회불안이 유의하게 높았다. 반면 자기초점이 자신의 외부에 초점을 맞춘 집단은 자기제시 기대가 낮은 집단과 높은 집단사이에 차이가 유의하지 않았다. 이 결과를 토대로 본 연구의 시사점과 제한점 그리고 장래 연구 방향을 논의하였다. In this study, a main hypothesis regarding the influence of self-presentation expectancy and self-focused attention on social anxiety in a social context and proved it through an experiment. The experiment was perform in a completely randomized design method with categories of 2(self-presentation expectancy: low/high) x 2(self-focused attention: external focus/internal focus) structure and 69 university students participated in it. The participants were divided into two groups; a external focused group and a internal focused group. Each participants wrote an essay for 3 minutes. Then they had to prepare a self-introduction for 6 minutes. They were evaluated 3 times during the self introduction in front of a camera. Lastly, through the 3 evaluations, the participants received a low or high self-presentation expectancy. Before a second presentation, a level of the social fear was measured through social anxiety scale. According to the analysis, for the case of the internal focus group, those with high self-presentation expectancy had significantly more social anxiety than those with low self-presentation expectancy. However, for the case of the external focus group, there was no significant difference between those with high self-presentation expectancy and those with low self-presentation expectancy. Based on the results, the suggestions and limitations of future research were also discussed.