Study on the vibration characteristics of full ceramic ball bearings under low temperature working conditions

Jian Sun,Junran Huang,Zhonghao Tian,ZhongXian Xia,Lu Wang,Yang Zhang 한양대학교 청정에너지연구소 2024 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.25 No.6

To better understand the vibration characteristics of full ceramic ball bearings operating under low temperature conditionsand ultimately reduce vibration levels to improve their service life, a low temperature bearing test machine was utilizedto analyze the dynamic characteristics of the bearings. Vibration measurements were taken to determine the vibrationacceleration root-mean-square value of the full ceramic ball bearings under varying rotational speeds and loads. The resultsshow that the vibration acceleration reaches up to 3.17865 m/s² at room temperature. At around -100 ℃, the vibration reachesthe lowest point, which is only 0.65415 m/s². As the temperature decreases, the vibration decreases gradually, especially whenthe temperature drops below -20 °C, the vibration decreases sharply. It was found that as the rotational speed increased, sodid the vibration acceleration of the bearings, while the vibration acceleration showed a trend of decreasing initially and thenstabilizing with increasing load. By comparing and analyzing simulation and test results, the simulation model was optimizedand a vibration model specific to full ceramic ball bearings was established. These findings provide a theoretical foundationfor the use of full ceramic ball bearings in low temperature environments, offering valuable insights for reducing vibrationand enhancing bearing longevity.

Study on motorized spindle with full ceramic ball bearings and lubrication at high speeds

Yonghua Wang,Songhua Li,Chao Wei,Yu Zhang,Gefei Lin,Dong An,Jining Zhao 한양대학교 청정에너지연구소 2024 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.25 No.4

The lubrication methods and material characteristics of high-speed rolling bearings significantly impact the vibration andtemperature of motorized spindles in high-speed machine tools. This study focuses on replacing traditional metal bearingswith full ceramic ball bearings and analyzes three different types of bearings: Si3N4-Si3N4, ZrO2-Si3N4, and GCr15-GCr15. Based on the quasi-static and oil film thickness theory of bearing, the influence of rotational speed on the centrifugal forceof bearings of different materials and the oil film thickness of the raceway center of inner and outer rings was analyzed. According to different lubrication methods, the vibration and temperature rise characteristics of motorized spindle bearingsystems under high-speed working conditions are analyzed in experiment. The results indicate that Si3N4-Si3N4 bearingsexhibit lower centrifugal force and thicker oil films than the others. The experimental results show that the vibration-effectivevalue of the Si3N4-Si3N4 bearing is lower than that of the other two materials when the speed is higher. Grease lubricationslightly reduces vibration acceleration compared to oil-air lubrication. The temperature rise difference of motorized spindle ofoil-air lubricated full ceramic bearings is smaller than that of grease lubrication, and the average temperature rise differenceis 4℃. Full ceramic bearings outperform steel bearings in all aspects under the same working conditions, and the Si3N4-Si3N4bearing embodies the advantages of dynamic and thermal performance.

Thermal characteristics study of full ceramic ball bearings over their entire service life

Songhua Li,Yao Zhangs,Pengfei Wang,Jian Sun,Chao Wei,Yunwei Zhou 한양대학교 청정에너지연구소 2025 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.26 No.6

In order to reveal the thermal characteristic evolution of silicon nitride full ceramic ball bearings over their entire service lifeand improve their service life, a full life test of silicon nitride full ceramic ball bearings was conducted under dry runningconditions. The temperature rise data from the full life test were analyzed and processed. Subsequently, a thermal modelfor the bearing was established for simulations under dry running conditions. Through the full life test research and dataanalysis, it was found that during the running-in phase, the bearing temperature rises rapidly. After the running-in phase,the bearing temperature stabilizes and fluctuates minimally over a longer period. The thermal performance of the bearingis stable, with a temperature rise of approximately 27.6 °C. When the bearing cracks but has not yet experienced spalling,the temperature increases slightly compared to other bearings. When spalling occurs, the temperature rises rapidly andsignificantly. The model established was verified experimentally, with the error not exceeding 9%. The experimental resultsprovide significant data and theoretical basis for the full life and thermal performance of silicon nitride full ceramic ballbearings under dry running conditions. Additionally, the reliability of the thermal model was validated through the full lifetest. This research holds significant value in improving and predicting the full life and service performance of silicon nitridefull ceramic ball bearings in dry running conditions.

Study of dry friction characteristics of silicon nitride full ceramic ball bearing with PEEK-based cage

Jian Sun,Zhe Zhang,Zhongxian Xia,Xin Fang,Renyun Guan,Guangxiang Zhang,Jinmei Yao 한양대학교 청정에너지연구소 2023 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.24 No.3

In order to investigate the influence of polyether ether ketone (PEEK) and its composite cage on the dry friction characteristicsof silicon nitride all-ceramic ball bearings, this paper firstly conducted a theoretical analysis of silicon nitride deep groove ballbearings subjected to radial load under dry friction conditions, and then conducted dry friction tests and simulation studieson PEEK, CF30 and PVX cage silicon nitride full ceramic ball bearings. The test results show that the temperature rise ofCF30 and PVX cage bearings is higher than that of PEEK cage bearings; the relationship between the root mean square valueof vibration of PEEK, CF30 and PVX cage bearings is PEEK cage bearings > CF30 cage bearings > PVX cage bearings; thesimulation model has good accuracy; Surface morphology analysis of the PVX cage bearing after the test show that thetransfer film has the effect of wear reduction and lubrication on the bearing. The results of the study have positive significancefor the research of transfer film lubricated bearings and the selection of cage materials.

Incipient Fault Detection of Full Ceramic Ball Bearing Based on Modified Observer

Huaitao Shi,Maxiao Hou,Yuhou Wu,Baicheng Li 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2022 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.20 No.3

As a key part of the energy transmission chain, full ceramic ball bearing elements are considered as important components in ultraprecise rotating machines, which is required as a special attention in order to avoid expensive production shutdown due to the appearance of massive failures. Therefore, it is necessary to detect the appearance of incipient faults for full ceramic ball bearing elements by implementing an appropriate model. In this paper, an observer-based incipient fault detection method for full ceramic ball bearings is proposed. Firstly, the mechanism model of full ceramic ball bearing with incipient faults is established, and it is converted into a discrete-time model based on the zero-order hold equivalent method. Secondly, a modified observer is proposed as a residual generator, which has more design degrees of the freedom than the Luenberger observer. Thirdly, the l1/H∞ performance is introduced to enhance the disturbance robustness and incipient fault sensitivity. In addition, the design of an adaptive threshold can effectively avoid fault false alarms. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by numerical simulation.

Flywheel energy storage system with a permanent magnet bearing and a pair of hybrid ceramic ball bearings

Shuyun Jiang,Hongchang Wang,Shaobo Wen 대한기계학회 2014 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.28 No.12

A flywheel energy storage system (FESS) with a permanent magnet bearing (PMB) and a pair of hybrid ceramic ball bearings is developed. A flexibility design is established for the flywheel rotor system. The PMB is located at the top of the flywheel to apply axialattraction force on the flywheel rotor, reduce the load on the bottom rolling bearing, and decrease the friction power loss. The magneticforce of the PMB is analyzed through finite element method, and the force with the air gap of the PMB is verified experimentally. Asqueeze film damper (SFD) is introduced to support the bottom rolling bearing, suppress lateral vibration, and enhance the stability of theflywheel rotor system. A dynamic model of FESS is established through transfer matrix method, Jones-Harris rolling bearing theory, anda finite length bearing dynamic model for SFD, which is verified by measuring the amplitude-frequency response. The effect of SFDradial clearance and unbalanced mass distribution on the dynamics of FESS is discussed. A spin-down test for the FESS prototype isconducted in a moderate vacuum. Results show that the hybrid bearing and flexibility design for the rotor system allow for the use of asmall rolling bearing to reduce the power loss of FESS caused by friction. The developed FESS is simple in structure, stable withoutactive control, low in cost, and convenient in maintenance.

내장형 모터와 리니어 모터를 적용한 초고속 수평형 머시닝센터의 열 특성 해석

김석일,조재완 한국공작기계학회 2004 한국공작기계학회 춘계학술대회논문집 Vol.2004 No.-

This paper presents the thermal characteristic analysis of a high-speed horizontal machining center with spindle speed of 50,000rpm and feedrate of 120m/min. The spindle system is designed based on the built-in motor, angular contact ceramic ball bearings, oil-air lubrication and oil-jacket cooling method. The X-axis and Y-axis feeding systems are composed of the linear motors and linear motion guides, and the Z-axis feeding system is composed of the servo-motor, ball screw and linear motion guides. The thermal characteristics such as the temperature distribution, temperature rise, thermal deformation and step response, are estimated based on the finite element model of machining center and the heat generation rates of heat sources related to the machine operation conditions. Especially, the thermal time constant assessed from the step response function is introduced as an index of thermal response characteristics.

내장형 모터와 리니어 모터를 적용한 초고속 수평형 머시닝센터의 열 특성 해석

김석일,조재완 한국공작기계학회 2004 한국생산제조학회지 Vol.13 No.5

This paper presents the thermal characteristic analysis of a high-speed horizontal machining center with spindle speed of 50,000rpm and feedrate of 120m/min. The spindle system is designed based on the built-in motor, angular contact ceramic ball bearings, oil-air lubrication and oil jacket cooling method. The X-axis and Y-axis feeding systems are composed of the linear motors and linear motion guides, and the Z-axis feeding system is composed of the servo-motor, ball screw and linear motion guides. The thermal characteristics such as the temperature distribution, temperature rise, thermal deformation and step response, are estimated based on the finite element model of machining center and the heat generation rates of heat sources related to the machine operation conditions. Especially, the thermal time constant assessed from the step response function is introduced as an index of thermal response characteristics.

내장형 모터와 리니어 모터를 적용한 초고속 수평형 머시닝센터의 열 특성 해석

김석일(Seok-Il Kim),조재완(Jae-Wan Cho) 한국생산제조학회 2004 한국생산제조시스템학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2004 No.4

This paper presents the thermal characteristic analysis of a high-speed horizontal machining center with spindle speed of 50,000rpm and feedrate of 120m/min. The spindle system is designed based on the built-in motor, angular contact ceramic ball bearings, oil-air lubrication and oil-jacket cooling method. The X-axis and Y-axis feeding systems are composed of the linear motors and linear motion guides, and the Z-axis feeding system is composed of the servo-motor, ball screw and linear motion guides. The thermal characteristics such as the temperature distribution, temperature rise, thermal deformation and step response, are estimated based on the finite element model of machining center and the heat generation rates of heat sources related to the machine operation conditions. Especially, the thermal time constant assessed from the step response function is introduced as an index of thermal response characteristics.

내장형 모터와 리니어 모터를 적용한 초고속 수평형 머시닝센터의 구조 특성 해석

김석일,조재완 한국공작기계학회 2004 한국공작기계학회 추계학술대회논문집 Vol.2004 No.-

This paper presents the structural characteristics analysis of a high-speed horizontal machining center with spindle speed of 50,000rpm and feedrate of 120m/min. The spindle system is designed based on the built-in motor, angular contact ceramic ball bearings, oil-air lubrication and oil jacket cooling method. The X-axis and Y-axis feeding systems are composed of the linear motor and linear motion guides, and the Z-axis feeding system is composed of the servo-motor, ball screw and linear motion guide. The structural analysis model of the high-speed horizontal machining center is constructed by the finite element method, and the validity of structural design is estimated based on the structural deformation of the high-speed horizontal machining center and spindle nose caused by the gravity and inertia forces.