인간의 윤리로서 인공지능윤리 -인공지능윤리의 가치와 자리-

심지원 ( Shim Ji-won ),이은재 ( Lee Eunjae ),김문정 ( Kim Moonjeong ) 동국대학교 동서사상연구소 2022 철학·사상·문화 Vol.- No.38

As artificial intelligence systems exert more influence in various areas, the need for artificial intelligence ethics increases and its role is expanding further. Today, interest in artificial intelligence ethics guidelines for solving problems with artificial intelligence systems tends to be discussed as if artificial intelligence ethics represents all ethics and compliance with artificial intelligence ethics guidelines can solve many problems caused by artificial intelligence systems in our society. In this paper, I would like to argue that excessive interest and emphasis on these artificial intelligence ethics guidelines and principles have room to overlook the fact that artificial intelligence ethics is “human ethics” and that “artificial intelligence ethics as existing ethics” should be discussed. First, rather than being discussed separately from the society in which artificial intelligence technology will be used, the principles of artificial intelligence ethics should be dealt with in the context of the society in which the technology is being used. Second, among the principles of artificial intelligence ethics, efforts to mitigate artificial intelligence bias to protect the value of fairness have room to reduce the meaning of fairness.

Areas of Ethical Inquiry Related to Artificial Intelligence

Gyunyeol Park(Gyunyeol Park),Jungbae Bang(Jungbae Bang) J-INSTITUTE 2024 Robotics & AI Ethics Vol.9 No.-

Purpose: This study aims to explore areas of ethical inquiry related to artificial intelligence and what tasks need to be solved in each area. Method: We reviewed various Eastern and Western literature and various media reports related to artificial intelligence and artificial intelligence ethics. Results: Artificial intelligence technology is widely used in almost all fields, and is seeking development to the stage of general artificial intelligence (AGI), which is similar to human natural intelligence. In this process, unethical issues are being raised along with serious concerns that artificial intelligence may threaten humans. Accordingly, areas that need to be ethically explored in relation to artificial intelligence are divided into four areas: establishment of ethical principles for establishing artificial intelligence policy, ethical prediction and analysis in artificial intelligence research, artificial intelligence developer ethics, and artificial intelligence user ethics. It can be. Conclusion: Tasks to be solved in each area of ethical inquiry include the creation of international level ethical principles and treaties and monitoring organizations, the development of 'explainable artificial intelligence' technology for ethical prediction and analysis of artificial intelligence, and engineering ethics for artificial intelligence developers. The establishment of the concept, development of the education system, and development of an integrated artificial intelligence education program for artificial intelligence users were presented.

인공지능 윤리원칙 기반의 인격권 및 재산보호를 위한 인공지능 윤리 측정지표에 관한 연구

소순주,안성진 한국인터넷정보학회 2022 인터넷정보학회논문지 Vol.23 No.3

지능정보화 사회에서 가장 핵심으로 발전하고 있는 인공지능은 인간에게 편의성과 긍정적인 삶의 변화를 가져오고 있다. 하지만인공지능 발전과 함께 인간의 인격권과 재산이 위협받고, 윤리적인 문제가 발생하는 사례도 증가하고 있기 때문에 그에 따른 대안이필요하다. 본 연구에서는 인공지능의 역기능에서 가장 쟁점화되고 있는 인공지능 윤리(Artificial Intelligence Ethics) 문제를 인공지능 윤리원칙과 구성요소 기반 하에 우선적으로 인간의 인격권과 재산을 보호할 수 있도록 인공지능 윤리 측정지표를 연구, 개발하는 데목표를 두었다. 인공지능 윤리 측정지표를 연구, 개발하기 위해 다양한 관련 문헌과 전문가 심층 면접(FGI), 델파이 설문조사를 실시하여 43개 항목의 윤리 측정지표를 도출하였다. 설문조사와 통계분석에 의하여 윤리 측정지표에 대한 기술통계량 분석, 신뢰도 분석, 상관관계 분석으로 40개 항목의 인공지능 윤리 측정지표를 확정하여 제안하였다. 제안된 인공지능 윤리 측정지표는 인공지능 설계, 개발, 교육, 인증, 운영, 표준화 등에 활용될 수 있으며, 안전하고 신뢰할 수 있는 인공지능 발전에 기여할 수 있을 것이다. Artificial intelligence, which is developing as the core of an intelligent information society, is bringing convenience and positive life changes to humans. However, with the development of artificial intelligence, human rights and property are threatened, and ethical problems are increasing, so alternatives are needed accordingly. In this study, the most controversial artificial intelligence ethics problem in the dysfunction of artificial intelligence was aimed at researching and developing artificial intelligence ethical measurement indicators to protect human personality rights and property first under artificial intelligence ethical principles and components. In order to research and develop artificial intelligence ethics measurement indicators, various related literature, focus group interview(FGI), and Delphi surveys were conducted to derive 43 items of ethics measurement indicators. By survey and statistical analysis, 40 items of artificial intelligence ethics measurement indicators were confirmed and proposed through descriptive statistics analysis, reliability analysis, and correlation analysis for ethical measurement indicators. The proposed artificial intelligence ethics measurement indicators can be used for artificial intelligence design, development, education, authentication, operation, and standardization, and can contribute to the development of safe and reliable artificial intelligence.

인공지능의 윤리적 사용을 위한 정책대안에 관한 연구

이우권 ( Woo-kwon Lee ) 한국정책연구원 2020 한국정책논집 Vol.20 No.1

Although Korea is still focusing on improving and expanding artificial intelligence technology due to its lack of artificial intelligence technology, it cannot neglect the issue of artificial intelligence ethics. The study aims to look at the concept and importance of artificial intelligence ethics, cases of artificial intelligence ethics infringement, discussions on artificial intelligence ethics and related issues, and to explore improvement tasks. The derived policy alternatives are as follows: First, securing artificial intelligence ethics can contribute to the ethics of artificial intelligence in the international community by upgrading the domestic artificial intelligence ethics charter. Second, it is the establishment of ethical standards for artificial intelligence and ethics education. A systematic and standard ethical standard of artificial intelligence is needed, and education on the ethics of artificial intelligence should be provided to universities or ordinary citizens. Third, by establishing an artificial intelligence post-supervision system and a compensation liability system, a system that can track and evaluate problems caused by using artificial intelligence after death is needed to define the responsibility requirements of artificial intelligence, and it is necessary to consider introducing an insurance system to compensate for damages that cannot be blamed to anyone. Fourth, companies that develop or use artificial intelligence technology as a way to strengthen the ethical responsibility of artificial intelligence need to come up with a system to strengthen the ethical responsibility of artificial intelligence. Fifth, research to secure the safety of artificial intelligence must be carried out at a national level.

The Effect of ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Literacy Education on University Students Ethical Consciousness of Artificial Intelligence

Aeri Lee J-INSTITUTE 2021 Robotics & AI Ethics Vol.6 No.3

Purpose: As a core technology of the 4th industrial revolution, artificial intelligence is rising as a crucial tech-nology for determining the competitiveness of nations and industries at a great pace. However, students who are not majoring in it have the tendency to perceive AI technology to be difficult, and hence, a more efficient AI edu-cation is needed. The purpose of this study is to present an educational program for the artificial intelligence liter-acy appropriate for the learner s level, apply it to the classroom, then explore its impact in terms of the artificial intelligence ethics. Method: In this study, an educational program for the artificial intelligence literacy which may be utilized for the non-majors using the tools of artificial intelligence has been designed. To analyze the impact of the educa-tional program conducted in this study on the learner s perception of the artificial intelligence ethics, the single group pre- and post-test which infers the causal relationship by implementing and analyzing the questionnaires on the changed perception of the artificial intelligence ethics before and after the application of the program was applied for the design method. Results: The impact of the education program for the artificial intelligence literacy on the perception of the arti-ficial intelligence ethics has been analyzed through the single group’s pre- and post-test by operating this pro-gram. As a result of the analysis, it has been verified that there was a positive change in the perception of the artificial intelligence ethics via the proposed educational program for the artificial intelligence literacy. Conclusion: In this study the impact of the educational program for the artificial intelligence literacy on the learner s perception of the artificial intelligence ethics has been analyzed by proposing and applying educational program for the artificial intelligence literacy for and in college and university liberal arts classes for the non-majors. The artificial intelligence literacy education has had a positive impact on the learner s perception of the artificial intelligence ethics. For the non-major students to fully comprehend the artificial intelligence, including the artificial intelligence ethics, an education which includes experience in the use of artificial intelligence ought to be offered beyond the classes of theory which merely convey knowledge, and towards this end, it was verified that a well structured artificial intelligence literacy education which can more than adequately offer the experiences of using and utilizing the artificial intelligence is necessary.

중등학생 대상 인공지능 윤리역량 평가척도 개발

배진아,이정훈,홍미선,조정원 한국컴퓨터교육학회 2022 컴퓨터교육학회 논문지 Vol.25 No.6

Artificial intelligence technology is a representative future industrial technology that has a great impact on society and the economy as a whole. However, as artificial intelligence becomes closer to our lives, unexpected ethical issues are also emerging. Accordingly, major countries around the world are making various efforts, such as preparing ethical standards to secure trust in artificial intelligence. In addition, the need for artificial intelligence ethics education for students who will become users and developers of artificial intelligence has emerged. However, there are not enough research to establish ethical standards for artificial intelligence ethics education and strengthening of executive power. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to develop a scale that can measure the ethical competence of artificial intelligence for middle and high school students. This research was conducted with the aim of developing a process evaluation tool to foster artificial intelligence ethics and strengthening of executive power of artificial intelligence ethics. To this end, the items were modified and supplemented through scale item analysis and expert advice previously studied, and data were collected by applying them to educational programs. After that, through this survey, the artificial intelligence ethical competency scale was developed through stages such as validity and reliability test of variables and confirmation factor analysis. Through the artificial intelligence ethical competency evaluation scale developed through this study, it will be possible to comprehensively evaluate the artificial intelligence ethical literacy and execution ability of middle and high school students. 인공지능 기술은 사회, 경제 전반에 광범위한 영향을 미치는 대표적인 미래 산업기술이다. 그러나 인공지능이 우리 삶에 밀접해지면서 예상치 못한 윤리적 이슈도 함께 나타나고 있다. 이에 주요 국가들은 신뢰 확보를 위한 인공지능 윤리기준을 마련하는 등 다양한 노력을 기울이고 있다. 또한 인공지능의 이용자이면서 개발자가 될 학생들을 위한 인공지능 윤리 교육의 필요성이 대두되었다. 하지만, 인공지능 윤리교육을 위한 윤리기준을 마련하고, 윤리에 대한 실천력을 강화를 위한 연구는 충분치 않다. 이에 본 연구에서는 중 ·고등 학생을 대상으로 인공지능 윤리역량을 측정할 수 있는 척도를 개발하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 인공지능 윤리소양 함양과 인공지능 윤리 실천력을 강화하기 위한 수행형 기반 측정 도구 개발을 목표로 연구하였다. 이를 위해 기존에 연구된 척도 문항 분석과 전문가 자문을 거쳐 문항을 수정 및 보완하고, 교육 프로그램에 적용하여 데이터를 수집하였다. 이후 본조사를 통해 변수의 타당성 및 신뢰도 검정, 확인적 요인분석 등의 단계를 거쳐 인공지능 윤리역량 평가척도를 개발하였다. 본 연구를 통해 개발된 인공지능 윤리역량 평가척도를 통해 중 ·고등학생의 인공지능 윤리 소양과 윤리 실천력 등을 종합적으로 평가할 수 있을 것이다.

인공지능 시대의 윤리와 법적 과제

김종호 ( Kim Jong Ho ) 한남대학교 과학기술법연구원 2018 과학기술법연구 Vol.24 No.3

The topics discussed in this paper are artificial intelligence, ethics and law. This paper does not discuss the engineering technology, ethics, and philosophy of artificial intelligence in order to examine the roughly all the problems related to artificial intelligence from the viewpoint of the law. The concept of responsibility we have today is tightly coupled with the concept of an ‘autonomous individual’ after the modern age. However, as it is now, mechanized and automated waves have a profound effect on individual decision making, including not only a matter of taste but also moral decision-making. Therefore, moral machines are an attempt to include moral values in technology and to make artificial intelligence have the ability of explicit moral reasoning or moral action. Such attempts should be accompanied by a review of our thinking and practice of accountability. Because it is morally problematic to reduce the autonomy and return the heavy responsibility for the individual. This paper summarizes the ethical problems of artificial intelligence. It is value to question of ethical issues. However, it is a value with universality that can not be ignored, as it is centered on ethics, which is not limited to the value of economics or engineering, such as economic prosperity or efficiency. Typical values are fairness, justice, morality, dignity, autonomy, rights, equality, community, and tradition. Therefore, the ethical issues of artificial intelligence and the ethical principles discussed in this paper are related to these values, as these values are related to the risk of being infringed by artificial intelligence. However, in generalizing and summarizing the issues, the ethical task of artificial intelligence is to promote the prosperity and happiness of humanity as a whole and to reduce the sacrifice as much as possible. However, this generalization raises the question of whether there are specific issues in artificial intelligence as with all science and technology. What is the special nature of artificial intelligence networking, and its ethical issues? When discussing what artificial intelligence is, it can be argued simply that it is ‘a progressive automation progress.’ The Industrial Revolution automates mere physical labor, but the computer revolution is an automation of mere intellectual labor. The current artificial intelligence revolution, the robot revolution, and the IoT revolution automate more complex physical and intellectual labor. But what this new technology revolution means is not just the complexity or sophistication of the work to be done. Goethe, in the “The Sorrows of Young Werther (German: Die Leiden des jungen Werthers),” said, “Knowledge with anyone for the likes of me. However, my mind is the only one that I can not have.” However, it should be emphasized that the fact that the mind that forms the nucleus of personality plays on the prejudice of the external interventionist of the machine itself has a great influence on the value which the post-modern society values.

인공지능과 윤리 -법철학의 관점에서-

양천수 조선대학교 법학연구원 2020 法學論叢 Vol.27 No.1

This article deals with the issues of the ethics of artificial intelligence. Specifically, the following four issues are reviewed. First, what is the need to discuss the ethics of artificial intelligence? Second, what does the ethics of artificial intelligence mean, and who is it specifically for? Third, how can we set the basic directions of the ethics of artificial intelligence? Fourth, what are the ways to implement the ethics of artificial intelligence? At first, this article explains why we should deal with AI and ethical issues (II). This is because of the imperfections of legal regulations and the need of self-regulation. Next, this article argues that the concept of ethics in the ethics of artificial intelligence means ‘morality’ based on liberalism. In addition, this article argues that the ethics of artificial intelligence are actually oriented to AI developers rather than AI itself (III). Furthermore, this article proposes seven principles as ethics that should be applied to artificial intelligence (IV). Respect for human dignity, prohibition of infringement of rights, prohibition of violation of laws, submission of user’s orders, transparency, possibility to explain and accountability. However, these principles remain at an abstract level. In order to be able to apply it to the process of developing actual artificial intelligence, it must be specified in accordance with the level of technology currently reached. Finally, this article proposes self-regulation, proceduralization and explainable AI as a way to implement AI ethics (V). 이 글은 ‘인공지능과 윤리’ 문제를 다룬다. 구체적으로 다음 네 가지 문제를 검토한다. 첫째, 인공지능과 윤리를 논의해야 할 필요는 무엇인가? 둘째, 인공지능 윤리가 뜻하는 바는 무엇이고 이는 구체적으로 누구를 위한 윤리인가? 셋째, 인공지능 윤리의 기본 방향을 어떻게 설정할 수 있는가? 넷째, 인공지능 윤리를 이행하도록 하는 방안에는 무엇이 있는가? 먼저 이 글은 우리가 인공지능과 윤리 문제를 다루어야 하는 이유를 다음과 같이 말한다(II). 법적 규제의 불완전성과 자율규제가 그것이다. 다음으로 이 글은 인공지능 윤리에서 말하는 윤리는 자유주의에 기반을 두는 ‘도덕’을 뜻한다고 주장한다. 더불어 인공지능 윤리의 수범자는 실제로는 인공지능 자체라기보다는 인공지능 개발자로 본다(III). 나아가 이 글은 인공지능에게 적용되어야 할 윤리로서 일곱 가지 원칙을 제안한다(IV). 인간의 존엄성 존중, 권리침해 금지, 실정법 위반 금지, 이용자의 명령 복종, 투명성, 설명가능성, 책임이 그것이다. 그러나 이들 원칙은 여전히 추상적인 수준에 머물러 있다. 이를 실제 인공지능을 개발하는 과정에 적용할 수 있도록 하려면 현재 도달한 기술 수준에 적합하게 구체화해야 한다. 마지막으로 이 글은 인공지능 윤리 이행 방안으로 자율규제와 절차주의 그리고 설명가능한 인공지능을 제안한다(V).

인공지능 윤리에서의 차별 방지

오태원 한국인터넷윤리학회 2020 The Digital Ethics(디지털 윤리) Vol.4 No.2

The need for non-discrimination in artificial intelligence was not much noticed in the early stages of artificial intelligence development, but it emerged as an important issue as early artificial intelligence based on biased data produced discriminative results. Although there is a mixture of anti-discrimination and engagement policies, non-discrimination is considered a very important issue in the recently announced artificial intelligence ethics compared to the early artificial intelligence ethics. Remarkably, European Union forms a regulatory framework that leads to the “Artificial Intelligence White Paper”, “Artificial Intelligence Ethics Guidelines”, and “Assessment List” regarding artificial intelligence ethics. In Korea, legal norms, ethical guidelines, and assessments related to artificial intelligence ethics need to form a framework for new disciplines that are organically connected. Unfortunately, there is no law in Korea that states the principle of non-discrimination in relation to artificial intelligence, but the "Basic Law on Intelligence Informatization" can be considered as the closest law. First of all, legal regulations that declare basic principles related to artificial intelligence will be needed. In conjunction with this, we can think of ways to create ethical guidelines for the prevention of discrimination in artificial intelligence systems and to create assessment criteria in stages to define specific requirements.

Regulation by Ethics on AI and Intelligent Government

오태원 한국인터넷윤리학회 2021 The Digital Ethics(디지털 윤리) Vol.5 No.1

The need for non-discrimination in artificial intelligence was not much noticed in the early stages of artificial intelligence development, but it emerged as an important issue as early artificial intelligence based on biased data produced discriminative results. Although there is a mixture of anti-discrimination and engagement policies, non-discrimination is considered a very important issue in the recently announced artificial intelligence ethics compared to the early artificial intelligence ethics. Remarkably, European Union forms a regulatory framework that leads to the “Artificial Intelligence White Paper”, “Artificial Intelligence Ethics Guidelines”, and “Assessment List“ regarding artificial intelligence ethics. In Korea, legal norms, ethical guidelines, and assessments related to artificial intelligence ethics need to form a framework for new disciplines that are organically connected. Unfortunately, there is no law in Korea that states the principle of non-discrimination in relation to artificial intelligence, but the "Basic Law on Intelligence Informatization" can be considered as the closest law. First of all, legal regulations that declare basic principles related to artificial intelligence will be needed. In conjunction with this, we can think of ways to create ethical guidelines for the prevention of discrimination in artificial intelligence systems and to create assessment criteria in stages to define specific requirements.