國家와 地方政府間의 行政機能의 合理的 再配分 方向

박학수 漢陽大學校 1990 국내석사

電子情報時代 行政弘報機能 活性化 方案에 關한 硏究 : 光州廣域市를 中心으로

김병수 전남대학교 행정대학원 2002 국내석사

지금까지 행정기관의 홍보활동은 주로 관 주도적인 사고와 행동에 입각한 일방적인 선전 형태였으며 홍보매체도 투입된 예산에 비해 효과성이 낮은 인쇄매체 중심이었다. 이제 전자정부시대 도래라는 행정환경변화에 따라 행정홍보는 홍보방식과 홍보매체활용 등에 있어서 방향전환이 필요하다. 행정서비스는 고객 지향적으로 바꿔가야 하며 이를 위하여 행정홍보 활동은 고객 지향적인 행정서비스 차원에서 시민에게 어떤 서비스를 받을 권리를 가지고 있는가를 알려 줌과 동시에 시민이 알고 싶어하는 정보가 무엇인지 민의를 파악하여 행정의 내용을 알리고 협조를 구하는 데 중점을 두어야 한다. 특히 개방화·지방화·자치시대에는 주민의 이해와 협조를 얻지 못하고는 정책이나 사업이 성공적으로 수행될 수 없다. 따라서 지역주민의 참여와 협력을 필요로 하는 지방자치시대의 행정홍보 활동은 정보가 쌍방향으로 원활하게 흘러서 왜곡, 축소, 은폐, 혹은 사장되지 않고, 이를 바탕으로 민선 지방자치의 정착과 발전에 기여할 수 있도록 하여야 한다. 본 연구는 전자정부시대 도래에 따른 지방자치단체의 행정홍보의 문제점을 알아보고 행정환경 변화에 따라 행정발전에 기여할 수 있는 행정홍보의 바람직한 모습을 제시 하고자 한다. 그럼으로써 상대적으로 등한시 되어왔던 행정홍보기능이 급변하는 행정환경에 능동적으로 대처하여 궁극적으로 지방정부의 발전과 경쟁력을 높이는데 이바지할 수 있는 방안을 찾아보는 것이 본 연구의 근본 취지이다. 本 연구는 광주광역시 행정홍보를 중심으로 자료분석과 문헌조사, 참여관찰을 통한 실증적 조사와 분석을 시도하였다. 분석결과, 지방자치단체의 행정홍보는 홍보에 대한 인식부족과 조직체계의 취약성, 빈약한 예산, 취약한 정보인프라 및 그 활용 등의 이유로 그 기능을 다하지 못하고 있는 실정임을 알 수 있었다. 지방자치단체의 행정홍보가 그 기능을 제대로 수행하기 위하여 다음의 네 가지 개선 방안을 제시한다. 첫째, 행정홍보 구조적 측면이다. 정보매체 발달로 인한 행정환경 변화에 따라 대응할 수 있도록 홍보조직·인력·예산을 강화하고 확충하여야 한다. 먼저 전자 정부시대 도래와 함께 행정수요에 탄력적으로 대용할 수 있는 전문화된 조직과 기능을 갖춰야 한다. 그리고 대외 홍보파급 효과를 높이기 위해서는 먼저 행정기관 구성원에 대한 대내 홍보활동이 강화되어야 하고, 홍보환경에 능동적으로 대처할 수 있는 탄력적인 홍보예산제도를 도입하여야 한다. 둘째, 행정홍보 활동적 측면이다. 주민과의 효과적인 커뮤니케이션 활동과 함께 언론관리, 홍보물 내용의 충실화와 제작형태의 다양화, 효과적인 홍보매체 활용, 홍보효과의 평가시행 등과 같은 적절한 홍보기법의 채택 및 홍보체계 구축 등이 잘 이루어져야 한다. 셋째, 전자정부시대에 맞는 행정PR(Public Relation) 전략 수립이다. 전자정부시대는 새로운 디지털 매체로 대변되는 뉴미디어의 등장은 행정PR팀에게 사이버 홍보라는 새로운 전환점을 주고 있다. 따라서 사이버 홍보의 효과를 극대화시킬 수 있도록 행정정보의 뉴미디어 매체 방식으로 전환, 정보화 인프라 구축, 지역 주민 정보화 교육 강화 시민단체 등과 네트워크화한 정보공유 행정PR 전략 등을 수립하고 추진해 나가야 할 것이다. 넷째, 홈페이지 홍보기능 개선 강화이다. 행정PR의 핵심이 되는 도구중의 하나가 홈페이지이다. 홈페이지는 단순한 행정정보의 홍보나 소개가 아닌 행정기관의 종합 이미지의 관리매체로서 역할을 다하기 위해서는 행정기관 포털(portal)사이트로 구축 및 양 방향적 의사전달 기능과 적합한 Contents들의 개발 등 운영개선이 이루어져야 한다. 본 연구는 앞으로 광주광역시를 비롯한 각 지방자치단체가 전자정부시대 행정 환경의 변화에 즈음하여 홍보행정이 지향해야 할 방향이 무엇인지 기본적인 시각에서 이슈를 제기하는 데 초점을 두었다. 그러나 전자정부시대가 아직 초기단계의 과정이라는 시간적 한계로 인해 깊이 연구하지 못하고 개괄적으로 분석하였다는 점은 아쉬움으로 남긴다. 본 연구에서 다루지 못했지만 진정한 민주·복지국가 실현을 위해서 시·청각 장애인을 위한 다양한 매체 개발 및 홍보기법 개발 등 보다 더 심도 있고 다양한 후속연구가 이루어지기를 기대한다. Public Relations (PR) of government has been performed mainly through one-sided propaganda based on government-led ideas and activities. Since the budget for PR has been insufficient, it has been dependent overwhelmingly on print media which is regarded as a ineffective tool. Now, PR needs to be changed in methods and media application, especially in the era of electronic government. Public service should be changed into customer-oriented one. In achieving this goal, the function of PR is required to focus on advertising citizen that they have the right to be served from the government. Also, citizens should be able to know the type and degree of service that they can receive from the government. To be a customer-oriented public service, it is necessary to identify what service citizens want to receive. Citizens’ understanding and assistance are imperative to carry out policy or public works, especially in a localized and self-governed society. Therefore, in a local autonomy society, both the government and citizen should e able to exchange their opinions without any distortion, reduction or concealment. PR is responsible for enabling such an active opinion exchange. By promoting active opinion exchange between government and citizens, PR can contribute to the settlement and development of local autonomy. This study analyzes the current problems of PR in local government. After that, it suggests how PR can contribute to the development of public administration and indicate how it help greatly local governments strengthen their abilities to cope efficiently in the rapidly changing circumstances of PR. The analysis of this study focuses on the case of Gwangju metropolitan city. By analyzing data, investigating documents ,and participating observation. the study find out that the PR of local government has not properly functioned. Such improper function is due to a lack of understanding of PR, a weakness of organic system, insufficiency of budget, and a weak information foundation. To improve current PR functions, this study presents the following four suggestions. 1. PR structure should be restructured. Local governments have to strengthen the organization by increasing human resources and budget. Above all, a specialized organization to have a function of responding for the administrative demand. The object of PR is not limited to the citizens. To do PR effectively to the citizens, all the public servants should be PR personnels and PR organization is responsible for making all the public servants to be PR personnels. And in the case of PR budget system, it should be changed into an flexible one to cope with rapidly changing circumstances of PR. In sum, restructured PR structure should be able to respond effectively to the environmental changes of public administration. 2. PR activity should be changed. Local governments have to build a PR system and to select proper methods of PR. Press management, the internal completeness of PR materials, the diversification of types of products, the utilization of PR media, and the evaluation of PR effect in company with effective communication activities with residents are some of the proper methods of PR. 3. To establish PR strategies suitable to the electronic era is required. The appearance of new media including digital media opens a path to cyber PR. In order to do of cyber PR efficiently, changing the way of PR, building an information structure, strengthening the information education for the residents, and sharing information with civil organization are required. 4. Homepage should be properly utilized in PR. It is one of the main tools of PR. To utilize homepage effectively, website operation needs to be changed, Such an change involves the construction of portal sites, mutual communication, and the development of contents to function as a total management system of public organization, not as a simple method of announcement. This study focuses on suggesting basic issues that each local government, including Gwangju metropolitan city, has to keep in mind when it plans its PR activities. But it is regrettable that this study could not go beyond the bounds of general analysis. That is why the era of electronic government is just opened. Although this study could not deal with it, I hope various proceeding studies on the developing of PR media and methods are produced for the realization of a real democratic and welfare state.

한국 환경행정기능의 정부간 적정배분에 관한 연구 : 2001·2003년 환경행정공무원의 인식에 대한 비교를 중심으로

정용택 建國大學校 大學院 2003 국내박사

Over the past three decades from 1960 to 1990 Korea has undergone a profound transformation from rural to urban, from primarily agriculture to primarily industrial, and from low to moderate per capita income. The central-orientated authoritarian government's economic policy goal had been the promote rapid economic development and urbanization despite a shortage of domestic savings and foreign exchange. After the three decades of government-directed economic development in centralization, however, some by-products of the forced growth are becoming increasingly more evident. Central government directed development strategy brought about a rapid decline in rural population and an excessive concentration of people and industries in large cities, resulting in enlarged capital regions. Upon entering the 1980s, the government began being concerned about environmental quality and issue. The Korean government introduced the environmental right as a basic human right in the Constitution, and the Office of Environmental Administration(now the Ministry of Environment) was established in 1980. The Environmental Impact Assessment system was also adopted to evaluate the environmental impacts of proposed developmental projects by public and private enterprises. Many environmental preservation laws were enacted during the 1980s and 1990s. As public concerns for a clean and safe environment have arisen, environmental issues have become a social and political issue. Environmental groups have emerged in order to insert environmental interests into governmental policies. The environmental policy had a impact of the local-self government. The election of local councilors in 1991 and of chief executives environment policy for the decentralization approach in Korea. The objective of this study is to analyze and suggest the policy on devolution of environment administrative function between central and local government. This study also research to make the prospect of power from the central government to local government's officers by analyzing the characteristics and contents, standards of local devolution and the attitudes of central and local governments on its process from September 1999 to April 2002. This paper is composed of four parts included as decentralization and environmental administrative function, the devolution process of governmental function for decentralization and globalization, the analysis and implication of governmental officier's attitude for environmental government function and policy suggestion of environmental administrative function. Environmental administration in Korea is conducted by both the central and local governments. The central government exercises most of governmental power, and the Ministry of Environment is the main ministry for environmental management and policy in the central government. The Ministry has nine Environment Management Offices(EMO), special field office, to implement its environmental policies across the nation. However, other ministries, for example, the Ministry of Government Administration and Home Affairs, also have legal power to formulate and implement their own environmental policies even though their power to act is restricted to certain areas. The Ministry of Government Administration and Home Affairs has reallocated in their environmental function from central government to local government. Therefore, environmental administrative function has implemented in special field office of Ministry of Environment and local government. And the environmental administration is located in several ministries, such as Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Ministry of Marine and Fishery, and Ministry of Construction and Transportation. The functions of regional environmental management are shared between EMOs and local governments. The allocation of their functions are based on the location of emission sources. On the one hand, EMOs supervise emission sources located in industrial complexes. On the other hand, local governments supervise emission sources in all other areas. Even though their administrative jurisdiction and function ares limited, local governments can formulate and implement their own environmental policies and regulations. The central government is in charge of 85.6% of all unit tasks of environmental administration before 1998. It means that environmental administration in Korea is highly centralized. The ratio of transference from the central government to local governments is more than 20%. Most implementation tasks transferred to provincial governments from the central government are transferred further to municipal level governments, that is, cities, counties, and districts local government units. Local governments' functions in environmental management include to formulate and implement regional environmental policies within their jurisdictions, to implement environmental policies transferred from the central government, to provide water supply services, to install and operate sewage and waste water treatment facilities, to administer public participation in the environmental impact assessment procedures, to monitor violations of permissible emission standards and illegal emission, to conduct nature conservation activities, and to manage regional parks. Loclal governments currently face many environmental political and social issues. The issues include traditional problems such as air and water pollution and newly emerging ones such as Local Agenda 21 and sustainable development. The introduction of a local autonomy system in Korea during the early 1990s brought mixed blessings on the environment. Some local governments pay more attention to environmental protection than before. However, others place more emphasis on economic development while sacrificing environmental quality. The data collected from the more than 600 questionnaires of government officers included as the Ministry of Environment and local government. The data also collected form interview of government officers and field survey. The questionnaire had collected in two times between 2001 and 2003. The environmental administrative function has reallocated from central government to local government in 2001. The data results are following as: First, local devolution does not achieve shifting the hierarchial role structure according to the levels of governments. For achieving decentralization, local devolution needs political decision on the wholesome function of the special authorities under central government and setting a suitable model of Intergovernmental Relations in Korea. Second, the devolution focused on simple implemental services and institutional delegated services might result in the lack of initiative and locality of local governments. Therefore, devolution should be proceeded towards reinforcing the decision-making capacity and financial and manpower of local governments. Third, both attitudes of central and local government's officials activate on the devolution process and central and local governments assumes more negative position. It might be considered the differential decentralization system compared to the willingness and capacity of local governments. Fourth, the globalization has influenced in environmental administrative function in order to enhance the global standard on environmental administration. Therefore, the environmental administrative function can redistribute in central government. Finally, increasing joint service area which might bring the function overlapped or interacted between central governments and local governments is required to be conceptualized for efficiency and effectiveness.

지방자치단체의 행정기능 변화에 관한 연구 : 예산분석을 통한 기관성격 및 서비스전달방식의 변화

김순견 영남대학교 대학원 2010 국내박사

본 연구는 Clark & Dear(1984)의 자본주의 국가기능이론과 Dunleavy(1991)의 관청형성이론을 적용하여 민선자치 이후 지방행정기능의 변화에 대한 연구를 시도하였다. 본 연구에서 국가기능이론과 관청형성이론을 적용하는 이유는 지금까지 지방행정기능을 종합적․체계적으로 설명할 수 있는 이론(설명틀)이 아직 부재한 것이 가장 큰 원인이라 할 수 있다. 국가기능이론과 관청형성이론이 국가(행정)기능을 대상으로 한 이론이긴 하지만, 이를 지방행정기능에 적용함으로써 지방행정연구에 대한 체계적인 이론적․실증적 연구를 위한 토대를 마련하는데 기여를 하고자 함이다. 본 연구의 시간적․공간적 분석대상은 1999년(2000년), 2003년, 2007년도 각 3개 연도별 광역자치단체 및 기초자치단체 그리고 경기도 고양시, 충청북도 청주시, 전라북도 전주시, 경상북도 포항시, 경상남도 마산시 등 지역별로 선정한 기초자치단체 5개 개별시를 분석대상으로 하였다. 연구내용을 간략히 살펴보면, 먼저 12개 지방행정기능을 Clark & Dear(1984)의 자본주의 국가이론에서 제시하는 네 가지 기능유형에 따라 재분류한다. 그리고 분류한 4개 대기능과 12개 중기능을 Dunleavy(1991)의 관청형성이론을 적용하여 예산유형별․기관유형별로 분석하여 지방행정기능의 성격변화와 서비스전달방식을 규명하고자 하였다. 그리고 실제 분석을 위한 ‘분석매트릭스’(analytical matrix)를 구성하여 자본주의 국가기능(Clark & Dear, 1984)에서 제시하는 합의, 생산, 통합, 집행의 네 개 기능유형에 의해 지방행정기능을 분류하고, Dunleavy(1991)의 관청형성이론에 따른 예산분석을 통해 지방행정기능의 성격과 변화 그리고 서비스전달방식에 대해서 살펴보았다. 그리고 기존 국가기능에 대한 선행연구를 통해 지방행정기능과 국가행정기능의 성격을 상호 비교․논의하였다. 분석결과를 요약하면, 전체적으로 지방행정기능은 광역자치단체는 통제기관의 성격을 가지며 서비스는 공공부문의 간접 전달방식에 의해 수행되고 기초자치단체는 이전․계약기관으로서 서비스는 민간부문을 통한 간접 전달방식에 의해 수행되고 있다. 박희정 외(2001), 한원택 외(2002), 라휘문(2002) 등의 연구에서도 광역자치단체의 도의 경우 2000년 이후, 통제기관의 성격이 강화되고 기초자치단체인 시․군은 이전․계약기관의 성격으로 전환된 것으로 나타나 본 연구의 분석결과와 유사함을 알 수 있다. 기능별로는 즉, 지방행정기능에서 합의 및 집행기능은 전달․규제기관의 성격이 강하고 서비스는 해당기관의 직접 전달방식에 의해 수행되고, 생산 및 통합기능은 이전․계약 및 통제기관의 성격이 강해 민간 또는 여타 공공부문을 통한 간접 전달방식에 의해 수행되는 것으로 볼 수 있다. 이러한 지방행정기능별 성격도 국가행정기능의 성격과 비슷하게 나타나고 있음을 알 수 있다. 즉, 김근세․권순정(2000)의 연구에서 중앙행정기관의 합의 및 집행기능은 전달기관으로서 성격을, 생산기능은 이전․계약기관과 통제기관의 성격을 그리고 통합기능은 이전기관의 성격을 갖는 것으로 나타난 것이다. 특히, 전체적인 기능의 측면에서 지방행정기능은 이전․계약기관과 통제기관의 성격을 가지는 것으로 볼 수 있는데, 우리나라는 물론 미국, 일본 등의 국가기능도 1990년대 이후 예산집약적인 통제기관 및 이전․계약기관의 성장으로 정리되고 있다(정용덕․최태현, 1999b; Jung et al., 2001; 김근세, 2005). 따라서 지방행정기능도 국가행정기능과 마찬가지로 국가의 거시적인 목표나 전략을 어느 정도 공유하면서 국가목표나 전략을 추구한 것으로 볼 수 있을 것이다. 또한 1980년대 이후 세계적인 신자유주의적 정부개혁의 흐름 속에서, 우리나라는 1990년대에 들어서 중앙정부는 물론 지방자치단체도 신자유주의적인 정부개혁을 추구하면서 나름대로 관청형성전략을-광역자치단체는 통제기관의 관청형성전략을 기초자치단체는 이전․계약기관의 관청형성전략을-구사했다고 볼 수 있을 것이다. 마지막으로 본 연구는 Dunleavy(1991)의 관청형성이론이나 Clark & Dear(1984)의 자본주의 국가기능이론 등 국가기능(기구)에 관한 이론들을 지방행정기능에 적용하여 의미있는 결과와 함의를 도출함으로써, 앞으로 지방행정기능에 대한 연구에서 보다 종합적이고․체계적인 이론적 논의와 다양한 실증적 연구의 토대를 제공하는데 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 기대해 본다. This study examines the change of local government functions through expenditure budget analysis since 1995, when the direct election of local executive began. To accomplish the purpose of this study, I applied the ‘bureau-shaping model' of Patrick Dunleavy(1986; 1991). The bureau-shaping model posits the diversity of government agencies, which is different from the models of bureaucracy of Max Weber and the traditional public choice theories(Niskanen, 1971). Dunleavy's agency types stem from an understanding of budget types. Types of budget in the bureau shaping model are divided into core budget, bureau budget, program budget and super-program budget(Dunleavy, 1985). First, A core budget consists of running costs for personnel and goods directly consumed by its operations, plus any capital expenditure on equipment or buildings needed for basic functions. Second, the bureau budget includes all the core budget items above, plus any monies, which the agency pays out directly to the private sector. Third, the program budget includes the bureau budget, plus any monies that the agency passes on to the other public sector bureaus for them to spend. Finally, the super-program budget consists of the agency's program budget, plus any spending by other bureaus from their own resources over which the agency either exercises some policy responsibilities, or which it can wholly or partially claim political credit. In developing an analytical framework of government agencies, Dunleavy(1991) presents the following five basic agency types. First, delivery agencies are the classic line bureaucracies that directly produce outputs or deliver services to citizens or enterprises, using their own personnel to carry out most policy implementation. This function is usually labor-intensive, so it tends to have large core budgets in relation to their functions. Second, regulatory agencies limit or control the behavior of individuals, enterprises or other bodies, using licensing systems, reporting controls, performance standards or similar systems. Since there are primarily inspecting and paper-moving organizations, their core budgets absorb a high proportion of their bureau or program budget. The regulatory agencies appear cheap in budgetary terms because they externalize many of the costs onto regulated. Third, transfer agencies handle payments of subsidy or entitlement to private individuals or firms by the government. They are mainly money-moving organizations, therefore the core budget absorbs only a fraction of the bureau budget. Also, the bureau budget usually absorbs almost all of a transfer agency's program budget. Fourth, contract agencies are concerned with developing service specifications or capital projects for tendering, and letting contracts to private sector firms or non-for-profit organizations. So, contract agencies' core budgets typically absorb a modest share of their bureau budget, albeit, more than would be the case for transfer agencies. Bureau budgets comprise, of course, almost all of contract agencies' program budgets. Fifth, control agencies channel funding to other public sector bureau in the form of grants or inter-governmental transfers, and supervise the spending of the money and implementation of policy at other local governments. So, the core budgets of control agencies typically consists of only a fraction of the sums transferred, and the bureau budgets are also a small part of the program budgets. In addition to these basic agencies, Dunleavy adds three additional agencies to create an exhaustive typology for the analysis: taxing, trading, and serving agencies. In this study, budget data of local governments include aggregated budget data of 16 metropolitan city/province(upper-levels), 230 city/county/autonomous district(lower-levels) and 5 individual cities (Goyang, Cheongju, Jeonju, Pohang, Masan city) of lower levels in 1999(2000), 2003 and 2007. To gather budget data (settled expenditure of general account by item) of local governments in Korea, I refer to the ‘financial yearbook of local government'(Ministry of Public Administration and Security, 2000; 2001; 2004; 2008). This study is carried on through the following steps. First, this study classified 12 local government functions in local budget into consensus, productive, integrative, and executive functions according to the Clark & Dear(1984) model. Second, I break down these four functions into four budget categories(core, bureau, program, and super-program budgets) and five basic agency types (delivery, regulatory, transfer, contract and control agency). The criteria of classification depend upon the definition and nature of each budget category and agency type. Especially, this study focused on vertical differentiation of upper-lower levels and horizontal differentiation of 5 individual cities of lower-levels. Third, I discuss the characteristics of local government functions, their change and the service delivery options, and provide implications and limits to this study. These findings are as follows: First, the major finding of the present analysis is the difference between upper-levels functions and lower-levels functions. I found that the upper-level functions have the characteristic of control agency, which gives the money to other public sector (public enterprises, lower-levels, etc) and supervises the spending of the money at other public sectors, While the lower-levels functions have the transfer/contract function (agency), which moves the money to private sector in the form of grants or subsidy. Therefore, local public services in the upper-levels are indirectly delivered by other public sectors, and the lower-levels, as a contact point to local residents, provide various services and goods by the private sector (individuals, firms or non-for-profit organizations) at the local level. Second, local government functions were changed as time has gone by, that is, control function (agency) in the upper-levels and transfer/contract function (agency) in lower-levels have been strengthened since 1999 (or 1995). Third, several previous findings of central government functions (or state functions) reporting state functions have had budget intensive control and transfer/contract agency (function) since the 1990s(Jung and Choi, 199b; Kim and Kwon, 2000; Kim, 2005), therefore, these support above the present results. Applying the bureau-shaping theory of Dunleavy(1986; 1991), this study suggests that the local governments (upper-levels and lower levels) should pursue the bureau-shaping strategy their own way; local governments have been shaping their delivery/regulatory function into transfer/contract function(lower levels) and control function(upper-levels). Finally, the previous empirical works or theories, most of which are about state function or apparatus, provide far little systemic theoretical explanation for the local government functions. Therefore, a better developing of the explanatory framework or empirical studies that are crucial to local government functions is important. This study shows that capitalistic state functions-consensus, productive, integrative, and executive functions-of Clark & Dear(1984) can be applied to the local government functions. For this reason, the results of this study should be viewed as tentative, and further investigation is most desirable.

地方自治에 對備한 環境行政機能의 合理的 再配分에 關한 硏究

노석환 서울大學校 行政大學院 1990 국내석사

行政機能의 擴大와 이에 따른 私人의 權利保護

林龍植 淸州大學校 1982 국내석사

SUMMARY It is a matter of common knowledge that the administrative function of a nation has changed to positive situation for promoting public welfare from passive maintenance of public peace. The reason that they usually call a modern nation a welfare state rests in that fact. That means that the administrative function of a nation is not limited to a passive maintenance of public order, but, taking a step further, aims at developing a balanced national economy, realizing social justice and improving the living environments of its people by participating positively in its social, economic and cultural fields. The modern change of national function has brought about an outlook on welfare state in constitutional concept and a new phenomenon of the enlargement in quantity, and multiformity in quality, of administrative function accompanying the actual administrive demand based on that. The multiformity of administrative function has brought forth the multiformity of administrative means, or, saying in other words, the multiformity of the legal action patterns of administration, and enlargement of the administrative function has brought about an drastic change to the object of the administrative operation law. Here we can find the reason that the general theory on the administrative law should be restudied in accordance with factual and normative conditions surrounding modern administrative function. The past ten years can be referred to as an era in which the administrative function in this country become multifarious and positive, developing its economy, promoting the effectiveness of land, protecting and improving the living environments, etc., and during which not a few administrative laws and regulations of various kinds backing those have been enacted, revised and abolished and there has also been a drastic improvement in the system of administrative precedents of the supreme court and other lower courts. It is, as mentioned above, to be expected that the modern state will cope with everincreasing administrative demand, and the administrative function will continue to be enlarged. Moreover, in highly industrialized modern societies, the stability of the national living depends on an extensive living-oriented administration of the nation rather than on each individual's responsibility for his own living, and the more the dependability grows, the more the administrative function gets enlarged, and accordingly, each

敎育自治와 行政機能配分 方案에 關한 硏究

이병혁 水原大學校 行政大學院 1992 국내석사

In Korea, with the execution of the educational self-rule's advent in 1991, it is urgently required that the educational administration should be divided once again. In this regard, I try to look for the clue or orther settlement to give a clue or to settle the current educational issues. Of course, it is by studying the standards of the Central Education Administration System, Local Educational Administration System and their schools linking with the administration function division. Tp sum up the focal points of the results of the study on the basis of the plan of division once again as follows; Firstly, it is very recommended that the simple management regarding the school affairs should be taken over to the private organism to a large extent, meanwhile the educatuionl administration systems or organisms as well as the respective schools should be done their best. And the job concerning the job which needs any help should be taken over to the pertinent authorities respectively. Secondary, the Education Ministry should plan the new educational policy across the country and in a more comprehensive degree. Hower, according to the activation of the local self-rule, I think that the function of planning in the sector of local educatonal administration organism will be strengthened to a large extent. Therefore, for example, the large-scale take over regarding the planning, systems, managements, personned section, finance section, should be executed respectively. Thirdly, when it comes to the job re-division of its job in the educational administration organism (in city or in province), the division of job should be done as to the prospect of the personned and facilities management(now in demand), and also its construction, planning and other(high) school should be taken to the educational administration organisms or systems in city or(Kun) country. Fourthly, the points which have to be taken over to the pertinent schools from educational administration organism or systems is to give the men who concerned a kind of function which is able to plan the detail or concrete plan in order to plan the school management paln more effectively. And also, as for the finance, personned, scholarships, the rights of the pertinent school principals schould be strengtheneed. Besiders, when it comes to the problems such as the facilities management, finance management, the free and arbitrary rights of the principals of schools should be beefed up in order to smooth out the mattes and problems which were brought about in schools. In addition, the execution or division of the educational expenses of the concerned schools must be taken over to the pertinent schools more effectively. fifthly, the activation must be further gone as to the school teachers' accociation or meeting. a week or a month as well as the senior teachers' meeting. Especially, the teachers have to take part in their schools' management positively on the basis of the policy devision organism of the teachers' meeting a week or a month. lastly, in orther to be given the effectiveness whih a kind of function can be divided, the division as to the men and the finance should be accompanied. IN additions, the re-makeup of the organisms and the improvement of the administration officials in capacity should be further beefed up in the near future. Besides, I lastly conclude that the voluntary paticipation of their local residents can help or spur to assist the educational activities of schools(through elementary to high school or university). Also, I think, they will assist the men who are employed in the educational circle to plan the helpful organism or systems for the active educational activies or accistant systems.

消費者 保護를 爲한 行政機能에 關한 硏究

최진희 서울大學校 行政大學院 1967 국내석사

議會의 對行政府 監査機能에 대한 比較論的 考察 : 韓國과 外國의 事例를 中心으로

신봉수 연세대학교 행정대학원 2002 국내석사

議會의 본래 역할은 立法作用이라 할 수 있다. 그러나, 오늘날에 와서는 政黨 國家化 내지는 社會 國家化 경향으로 말미암아 정부가 주로 법안을 成案·提出하고 議會는 이의 通過與否를 결정하는 역할을 주로 하게되어 議會가 通法府化되는 경향이 있다. 이로인해 의회의 역할은 고유의 立法機能보다 오히려 國政統制機關으로서의 地位와 役割이 강화되고 있고, 이를 뒷받침하는 가장 실질적인 憲法 上의 權限이 우리나라에서는 國政監査權이라고 할 수 있다./ 우리나라의 國政監査制度는 1948년 制憲 憲法에서 처음 채택된 후 1972년 維新憲法에 의해 폐기되기까지 24년간 시행되어왔고, 1988년 現行憲法에서 채택케 됨으로서 다시 부활되었다. 1988년에 다시 부활된 國政監査는 해를 거듭하면서 政府統制機能으로서 팽배해진 行政府의 권력남용에 대한 牽制機能을 수행하여, 議會民主主義가 뿌리내릴 수 있도록 하는 계기가 되었다는 評價를 할 수 있겠으나, 이러한 상당한 成果에도 불구하고 아직 많은 問題點들이 露出되어 있는 것이 事實이다./ 따라서 본 硏究에서는 그 동안 실시되었던 國政監査의 運營現況을 전반적으로 考察하여 문제점을 지적하고, 앞으로의 發展方向을 摸索하고자 하였으며 그 構成은 다음과 같다./ 제 2장에서는 行政府統制機能으로서의 國政監査의 意味와 우리나라의 國政監査制度에 대한 槪觀을 설명하였으며, 國政監査制度에 대한 이해의 폭을 넓히고자 하였다./ 제 3장에서는 大統領制 下의 美國의 國政調査制度와 議員內閣制下의 영국·독일·일본의 國政監査制度를 이론적으로 설명하고 실제적 사례를 중심으로 고찰하였다./ 제 4장에서는 우리나라의 國政監査制度의 問題

韓國農村社會變動과 行政體制에 관한 分析的 硏究

안해균 서울大學校 行政大學院 1972 국내박사