컬러콘크리트 패널의 최적배합비 결정 및 LCC 분석에 의한 경제성 평가

김태청 청주대학교 대학원 2010 국내석사

본 연구에서는 의장성 콘크리트의 다기능화를 추구할 수 있는 컬러콘크리트를 패널 형태로 제작하고자 최적의 성능을 발휘할 수 있는 배합비 및 시공방법을 제시하고, 이를 토대로 LCC 분석과 VE 분석을 실시하여 기존 마감공법과의 경제성을 비교ㆍ분석하였는데, 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. (1) 컬러콘크리트 패널 제조를 위한 물성평가 결과 착색재 치환율 증가와 레드머드의 소성온도 및 치환율이 증가할수록 응결시간이 단축되는 경향을 보였으며, 플레인과 비교시 적색과 흑색의 경우, 약 1시간 30분 전후로 단축되었고, 황색의 경우 4시간 30분 전후로 단축되는 것으로 나타났으며, 백색 및 녹색은 플레인과 유사한 경향으로 나타났다. (2) 착색재 종류 및 치환율에 따른 압축강도는 적색 및 황색 착색재가 3-6 % 치환될 경우 7, 28일에서는 플레인보다 약간 증가하였고, 치환율 9-12 %에서는 약간 저하하는 경향으로 나타났으며, 백색, 흑색 및 녹색 착색재의 경우 전반적으로 플레인에 비해 저하하는 것을 알 수 있었다. (3) 붉은 색 발현을 위한 경제적 착색재로서 레드머드의 활용 가능성을 평가한 결과 레드머드의 소성온도 변화에 따른 압축강도로서 소성온도가 400 ℃ 증가될 때마다 약 2 MPa씩 증가하는 것으로 나타났으며, 레드머드의 치환율 변화에 따른 압축강도는 치환률 3 % 증가시 약 3 MPa 정도씩 증가하는 것으로 분석되었다. (4) 착색재 치환율에 따른 발색도는 착색재 치환율 6 %에서 가장 양호한 성능을 갖는 것으로 나타났으며, 특히 붉은색 발현을 위한 레드머드의 경우를 소성온도 800 ℃ 및 치환율 6 %에서 가장 양호한 성능을 발휘하는 것으로 나타났다. (5) 붉은색을 발현하는 컬러콘크리트 패널의 제조를 위한 배합조건으로서 착색재는 소성온도 800 ℃로 소성된 레드머드를 6 % 치환하는 것이 가장 양호한 결과를 얻었으며 타설방법은 이동평형 타설식과 수직 타설식을 병행하여 제조하였고, 이 경우 발색도는 L*값 63.6, a*값 23.9, b*값 28.5로 나타났으며, 육안상 얼룩, 긁힘, 평활도 및 품질에 있어서 모두 만족하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 외벽 마감재로써 적용 가능한 컬러콘크리트 패널의 시공방법은 석재시공의 건식공법 중 일반적인 앵글 긴결공법으로 시공하는 것이 적정하다고 판단된다. (6) 컬러콘크리트 패널의 LCC 분석을 통한 경제성을 평가한 결과, 초기투자비용은 컬러콘크리트와 비교시 12,217 원/m² 절감되었고, 일반페인트에 비해 62,185 원/m² 높게 분석되었으나, 유지관리비용은 컬러콘크리트와 일반페인트 마감에 비해 약 30,000 원/m² 정도 절감되는 것으로 확인할 수 있었다. 또한, 총 LCC 비용은 컬러콘크리트에 비해 약 40,000 원/m² 정도 절감되었고, 일반페인보다는 약 32,000 원/m² 정도 증가되는 것으로 분석되었다. (7) 컬러 콘크리트패널의 VE 분석을 통한 성능평가 결과 일반페인트 마감이 상대 LCC 점수가 가장 우수하게 나타났으나, 성능점수에서 컬러콘크리트 패널이 크게 나타나 성능측면을 고려한 성능점수와 가격측면을 고려한 LCC점수를 복합고려한 종합적인 가치점수로는 컬러콘크리트 패널이 가장 우수한 것으로 분석되어 LCC 대비 성능분석에서 가장 양호한 방법은 컬러 콘크리트 패널공법임을 알 수 있었다. The objective of this study is to present the optimum mixture proportion of concrete considering efficiency and economic aspects when the color concrete, generating decorative multi-functional uses, is made into panel. In addition, Life Cycle Cost(LCC) of the color concrete panel was analyzed and compared with existing color concrete placement method and painting method to verify the economic benefits of the color concrete panel. The results of this study were summarized as follows. (1) As for determining optimum mixture proportion, the setting time of color concrete panel has decreased or at least remain the same as the increase of pigment replacement ration and soldering temperature of red mud. Compared with the plain mixture, the red and the black has shown 1 hour and 30 minute decrease in time and the yellow, 4 and 30 minute as such. Meanwhile, the white and the green remain the same as the plain. (2) The compressive strength has slightly gone up and down compared the plain. The red and the yellow pigment replacement of 3-6% has it slightly go up compared to the plain at 7th and 28th day and those of 9-12%, same or slightly go down. However, the white, the black, and the green shows that it is going down slightly compared to the plain. (3) The analysis of the red mud applicability as the color representation pigment shows that the compression strength as per the red mud sintering temperature has increased by 2MPa, in every 400?? increase and by 3MPa in every 3% replacement ratio increase. (4) The color representation as per the pigment replacement ratio has shown that the effect is at maximum at 6%, In case of the red mud, at soldering temperature of 800?? and the replacement ratio of 6%. (5) As for the red color representation effect of the color manufacturing, the optimum combination of factors are of soldering temperature at 800?? and with the replacement ratio of 6%. The fabricating method is executed with the combination of horizontal and vertical methods. The color representation of such method shows that L* 63.6, a* 23.9, b* 28.5. The qualities in regard to stain and scratch and flatness are all satisfactory when it being observed with naked eyes. The applicable construction method of the color concrete panel will be angle-fracture fixation with the use of the tension wire among the stone method. (6) The result from the economic evaluation through the LCC analysis on the color concrete panel has shown that the initial investment cost has gone down by KRW 12,217/m² compared to the color concrete and up by KRW 62,185/m² compared to the general paint, while maintenance cost, down by KRW 30,000/m² compared to both the plain and the paint. The total LCC cost has decreased by KRW 40,000/m² compared to the color concrete and increased by KRW 32,000/m² compared to the general paint. (7) The functional analysis through VE method indicates that comparative LCC value of general paint finish is excellent. However, the overall value point of color concrete is the highest with the excellent functional value and its cost factor of the color concrete. So the color concrete panel construction method is proved to be the most cost efficient from the LCC analysis.

高感性 콘크리트의 適用事例 및 現場 適用性 分析

이주항 忠南大學校 産業大學院 2011 국내석사

Recently with the elevation of the standard of living and sense, the mental composure and the desire for affluence in a daily living highly demand the amenity and satisfaction with living. Accordingly the Architectural products are being developed in consideration of a user's sense like agreeableness rather than the center of performance in the past. This is also applied to the materials of architecture and expresses a higher level of request according to the performance of request rather than the satisfaction of the basic level of request by means of specifications. Therefore, I am putting an additional item other than high performance, high flow and high strength. The study is to define colored concrete expecting the gradual increase of demand in future and estimate the infinite possibility that concrete has in future based on current applied cases of Urban Hive. In the currents of times concrete structures increased in the use of the sensible phase but the definition and classification therein are insufficient, so it is necessary to survey and study the property of the concrete used for colored concrete, exposed concrete and other finishing. Therefore, in this research it intend to define and classify high Architectural concrete expecting the gradual increase of demand in future and estimate the infinite possibility that concrete has in future based on current domestic and abroad situations and applied cases. This thesis consists of as follows. This study is a part of the research about such colored concrete. Chapter 1 describes the introduction of this study, where we the objective, content and scope of this thesis in accordance with the increase of the demand in Architectural concrete. Chapter 2 describes a summary of Architectural concrete. we looked into the definition of colored concrete and preview and presented the general and material construction features and notes Architectural concrete has. Chapter 3 describes investigation of applicable possibility of colored concrete. we investigate a kind of factor that causes problem from plan to appling to colored concrete. and analyze mock-up test. Chapter 4 describes currently applied colored concrete of Urban Hive. we checked the required performance and necessary material features, and factor through carrying out. In Chapter 5, as a general conclusion of this paper, we thought of the future applicability on the basis of the analysis on the understanding and the applied cases of colored concrete based on current applied cases of Urban Hive. The result of this thesis can be summarized as follows. ◎ Summary of colored concrete performance (1) Colored concrete is required to be carful and give attention than general concrete. because condition change of unit water content, material couldn't keep up homogenization of building color over all. therefore it is required to check influence factor that is color and a kind of cement, aggregate, admixture, pigment (2) In general, colored concrete doesn't use other finishing materials on the surface of concrete and expresses itself by exposure and this area of sensibility concrete is expressed as Exposed Concrete. As sensibility concrete uses the surface itself as a finishing material, and in case of the same surface it is very important to express the same quality and color. Generally, the factors affecting the finishing surface are; ① Applied materials in concrete, ② Combination design and production method, ③ Cast and form oil, ④ Slip form method, ⑤ Hardening concrete state. Next, I'll suggest the factors affecting these colors such as general standard of sensibility concrete, request affairs and the property of the materials of concrete. ◎ Preview of color concrete applying to Urban Hive (1) Urban Hive project considers color pigment for the homogenized color, reducing cracking, the exterior structure of a building of honeycomb type, high strength concrete, using high-flowing concrete for dense filling, modifying ratio of chemical admixture for controling segregation, special admixture of treating surface for durability and water-repellent. (2) We investigate a problem according to a kind of mold and under the weather, effect of hydration heat according to structure shape, variation of outside strength according to curing time, a ratio and a kind of pigment for requested color through testing mock-up from starting work. ultimately we choice construction work in close proximity initial plan through confirmation of an owner and an designer (3) The problem to generate paste leakage in the surface solves change of pigment ratio, aggregate ratio (crushed aggregate : natural aggregate). a varity of problem is solved by change of treating surface of mold . also we could get the adequate color according to variation of pigment, cement. ◎ Color concrete applying to Urban Hive (1) Surface has structure that is consist of colored concrete of punching type of circle. the structure isn't divided into column, beam and wall. also, that has design of honycomb that regularly connects with RC cell of circle of 400mm thickness and 1050mm diameters this surface has a variety of prospect through an open window of circle and dynamic space by sunshine condition in indoor space as well as structure role. (2) Quality control of concrete is important in placing color concrete. but it also recommend attention to setting form, arrangement of bar, coating surface after removal of form, for express of requiring performance (3) In case of form, it needs to coat special parting agent close to form. it needs to compact in order of precedence. also when working, should keep in mind so that tamper does not close on the mold surface. high-flowing concrete of part exposed to air becomes fast. so we must progress tamping work at the proper speed.

Light gray 노출 콘크리트의 性能 : Urban Hive 建築現場을 中心으로

이정규 忠南大學校 大學院 2009 국내석사

Recently with the elevation of the standard of living and sense, the mental composure and the desire for affluence in a daily living highly demand the amenity and satisfaction with living. Accordingly the Architectural products are being developed in consideration of a user's sense like agreeableness rather than the center of performance in the past. This is also applied to the materials of architecture and expresses a higher level of request according to the performance of request rather than the satisfaction of the basic level of request by means of specifications. Therefore, I am putting an additional item other than high performance, high flow and high strength. The study is to define colored concrete expecting the gradual increase of demand in future and estimate the infinite possibility that concrete has in future based on current applied cases of Urban Hive. In the currents of times concrete structures increased in the use of the sensible phase but the definition and classification therein are insufficient, so it is necessary to survey and study the property of the concrete used for colored concrete, exposed concrete and other finishing. Therefore, in this research it intend to define and classify high Architectural concrete expecting the gradual increase of demand in future and estimate the infinite possibility that concrete has in future based on current domestic and abroad situations and applied cases. This thesis consists of as follows. This study is a part of the research about such colored concrete. Chapter 1 describes the introduction of this study, where we the objective, content and scope of this thesis in accordance with the increase of the demand in Architectural concrete. Chapter 2 describes a summary of Architectural concrete. we looked into the definition of colored concrete and preview and presented the general and material construction features and notes Architectural concrete has. Chapter 3 describes investigation of applicable possibility of colored concrete. we investigate a kind of factor that causes problem from plan to appling to colored concrete. and analyze mock-up test. Chapter 4 describes currently applied colored concrete of Urban Hive. we checked the required performance and necessary material features , and factor through carrying out. In Chapter 5, as a general conclusion of this paper, we thought of the future applicability on the basis of the analysis on the understanding and the applied cases of colored concrete based on current applied cases of Urban Hive. The result of this thesis can be summarized as follows. ◎ Summary of colored concrete performance (1) Colored concrete is required to be carful and give attention than general concrete. because condition change of unit water content, material couldn't keep up homogenization of building color over all. therefore it is required to check influence factor that is color and a kind of cement, aggregate, admixture, pigment (2) In general, colored concrete doesn't use other finishing materials on the surface of concrete and expresses itself by exposure and this area of sensibility concrete is expressed as Exposed Concrete. As sensibility concrete uses the surface itself as a finishing material, and in case of the same surface it is very important to express the same quality and color. Generally, the factors affecting the finishing surface are; ① Applied materials in concrete, ② Combination design and production method, ③ Cast and form oil, ④ Slip form method, ⑤ Hardening concrete state. Next, I'll suggest the factors affecting these colors such as general standard of sensibility concrete, request affairs and the property of the materials of concrete. ◎ Preview of color concrete applying to Urban Hive (1) Urban Hive project considers color pigment for the homogenized color, reducing cracking, the exterior structure of a building of honeycomb type, high strength concrete, using high-flowing concrete for dense filling, modifying ratio of chemical admixture for controling segregation, special admixture of treating surface for durability and water-repellent. (2) We investigate a problem according to a kind of mold and under the weather, effect of hydration heat according to structure shape, variation of outside strength according to curing time, a ratio and a kind of pigment for requested color through testing mock-up from starting work. ultimately we choice construction work in close proximity initial plan through confirmation of an owner and an designer (3) The problem to generate paste leakage in the surface solves change of pigment ratio, aggregate ratio (crushed aggregate : natural aggregate). a varity of problem is solved by change of treating surface of mold . also we could get the adequate color according to variation of pigment, cement. ◎ Color concrete applying to Urban Hive (1) Surface has structure that is consist of colored concrete of punching type of circle. the structure isn't divided into column, beam and wall. also, that has design of honycomb that regularly connects with RC cell of circle of 400mm thickness and 1050mm diameters this surface has a variety of prospect through an open window of circle and dynamic space by sunshine condition in indoor space as well as structure role. (2) Quality control of concrete is important in placing color concrete. but it also recommend attention to setting form, arrangement of bar, coating surface after removal of form, for express of requiring performance (3) In case of form, it needs to coat special parting agent close to form. it needs to compact in order of precedence. also when working, should keep in mind so that tamper does not close on the mold surface. high-flowing concrete of part exposed to air becomes fast. so we must progress tamping work at the proper speed.