火山灰土에서 尿素·堆肥 施用에 따른 作物 生育 및 그들 成分의 土壤中 溶脫에 관한 硏究

강봉균 濟州大學校 大學院 1997 국내박사

作物生産을 위하여 土壤에 施用된 肥料는 溶解되어 一部는 作物에 吸收되고 나머지는 土壤中에서 複雜한 過程을 거처 深土層으로 溶脫되는데 특히 NO_(3)-N은 地水 汚染의 直接的인 原因이 되기도 한다. 따라서 本 試驗은 裸地와 作物栽培條件의 밭토양에서 窒素 供給源으로 窒素質肥料 및 完熟 堆肥를 施肥함에 따른 作物體의 生育 및 養分 吸收와 土壤內 施肥 養分의 移動, 地下水로의 溶脫 可能性을 推定하여 環境保存形 農業을 위한 基礎資料를 얻고자 수행하였다. 이 硏究는 제주도 火山灰土에서 作物 生育과 溶脫水 採水를 위한 Lysimeter(체적 0.15㎡, 지름 62cm, 높이 62.8cm) 試驗과 토양 깊이별 浸出水 採水를 위한 Pressure-Vacuum Soil Water Sampler 試驗으로 區分하여 실시하였다. Lysimeter 試驗 處理 內容은 無肥放任區, 無肥無栽培 除草區, 無肥栽培區, 窒素土壤處理區(16, 32, 64kg/10a), 窒素+堆肥 土壤處理區(16+800, 32+1600, 64+3200 kg/10a), 窒素 水溶液處理區(16, 32kg/10a), 窒素普肥(32kg/10a) 疎植 및 密植區 13 處理로 하여 窒素는 尿素를 施用하였고, 前作物로는 옥수수를, 後作物로는 감자를 栽培하면서 作物의 生育 및 이온의 溶脫程度를 조사하였다. Pressure-Vacuum Soil Water Sampler 試驗은 Lysimeter(Single chamber model SW-071)를 각각 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120cm의 깊이에 埋設하여 窒素 64kg/10a를 尿素로 施用하고 前作物로는 옥수수 後作物로는 감자를 재배하면서 降雨時 浸透水를 採水하여 pH 및 陽, 陰이온의 濃度를 調査하였다. 1. Lysimeter를 통하여 溶脫된 물의 量은 裸地區(T1, 72)가 作物栽培區들보다 현저하게 많았다. 2. 施肥量을 增加시킬수록 前作物(옥수수)과 後作物(감자)의 植物體內 窒素含量은 增加하는 반면 乾物率은 減少하는 傾向이었다. 3. 作物體의 生育은 水溶液施肥區가 土壤施肥區에 비해 有意하게 양호하였고, 窒素吸收率도 水溶液施肥區가 相對的으로 높았다. 4. 옥수수 및 감자의 生體 및 乾物收量은 窒素·堆肥 普肥(標準)區에 비하면 增量區가 비슷하거나 오히려 減少하는 傾向을 보이는 반면, 植物體內 N, Ca, Na, K, Mg의 含量은 施肥이量 많을수록 높아지는 것으로 나타나 勸奬量以上의 增施는 過多한 施肥임을 알 수 있었다. 5. 옥수수, 감자의 總窒素와 다른 無機成分의 吸收量間에는 Ca, K, Mg과 각각 0.89", 0.94", 0.87"로 매우 높은 相關性을 維持하고 있어 窒素의 吸收가 다른 無機成分의 吸收에 영향을 미치고 있음을 보여주었다. 6. 溶脫水의 pH는 溶脫施肥量을 增加시킬수록 점차 낮아지는 반면, NO_(3)-N 濃度는 增加하는 趨勢였다. 7. NO_(3)-N의 溶脫總量은 無肥放任區(T1) 및 無肥無栽培 除草區(T2)가 普肥區(T5)보다 월등하게 높은 반면 無肥栽培區(T3)에서 가장 낮게 나타났다 또한 水溶液 施肥區의 溶脫 平均濃度가 土壤施肥區의 64%에 불과하였고, 密植區의 溶脫 平均濃度는 疎植區의 54.5%로 낮았다. Ca 및 K 이온의 濃度 및 溶脫總量도 無肥栽培區(T3)에서 가장 낮았으며. 無肥放任區(T1) 및 無肥無裁培 除草區(T2)에서 높게 나타나 NO_(3)-N과 類似한 傾向을 보였다. 8. 植物體의 실제적인 窒素吸收量은 施肥量을 增加시킬수록 增加하였으나. 肥料로 施用된 窒素의 吸收率은 少肥區(T4)가 54.9%로 가장 높은 반면. 增量區에서는 31.0∼34.0%로 낮아졌다. 施肥窒素의 溶脫率은 施肥量을 增加시킬수록 높아졌고 密植區 및 水溶液施肥區에서 낮아졌다. 土壤殘存率은 施肥量이 많을수록 높아져 溶脫 可能性이 켰다. 9. 土壤깊이별(20∼120cm)試驗에서 채취한 浸透水中 Cl^(-), NO_(3)-N, Ca^(2+), K^(+)의 平均濃度가 施肥 1개월 후에 20∼40cm 깊이에서 급격하게 높아진 후 濃度가 점차 낮아지면서 深土層으로의 下向 移動이 계속되어 5개월 후에는 試驗 前 土壤과 비슷한 水準이 되었다. 10. 120cm의 深土層에서의 NO_(3)-N은 施肥 1∼l.5개월 후 가장 높아졌고, 다른 陽이온도 비슷한 傾向을 보였다 11. 溶脫水의 pH와 NO_(3)-N은 負의 相關을 보였고, NO_(3)-N과 陽이온간에는 고도의 正의 相關을 보여 NO_(3)-N이 表土에서 深土層으로 下向移動時 Ca^(2+), K^(+), Mg^(2+) 等의 陽이온이 同伴 溶脫되었다. 12. 따라서 앞으로는 施肥 養分의 地下水로의 溶脫을 줄이고, 施肥 效率을 극대화시킴으로써 持續 可能한 環境親和形 農業에 바탕을 둔 高度의 施肥處方 機能이 要求될 것으로 判斷된다. Nitrogen applied as fertilizer for crop production is partly absorbed by plant, and the remaining nitrogen in soil might be leached out through complicated processes to the subsoil layer. Especially. NO_(3)-N in leachate causes environmental pollution. The purpose of this study was focused on understanding of uptake of nutrients by plants. the behaviors of nutrients in soil and the possibility of leaching loss when nitrogen fertilizer and completely decomposed compost were applied. The studies were conducted to obtain fundamental information on sustainable agriculture. Lysimeters(Volume 0.15㎡, Diameter 62cm, Height 62.8cm) and pressure-vacuum soil water samplers were installed for collecting leachate in the Cheju volcanic ash soils. Lysimeter study consisted of thirteen treatments: fallow. fallow with weeding, cropping without fertilizer and compost, three N fertilizer soil surface applications(16, 32, 64kg/l0a). three N fertilizer and compost soil surface applications (16+800, 32+1600. 64+3200kg/l0a), two water dissolved N fertilizer applications(16, 32kg/l0a). and low and high plant densities. N fertilizer was applied as urea. The growth of corn(preceding crop) and potatoes(succeeding crop) and leaching loss were determined during the experimental period. For pressure-vacuum soil water samplers study, ion concentration of leachates taken from lysimeters at depths of 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 and 120cm was determined while corn and potatoes were grown at a nitrogen rate of 64kg N/l0a(preceding crop-corn 36kg, succeeding crop-potatoes 28kg) applied as urea. The results obtained were summarized as follows : 1. The amount of leachate from lysimeter was remarkably greater at bare condition than at cropping conditions for corn and potatoes. 2. The N content of plants (corn and potatoes) tended to increase but the percentage of dry matter tended to decrease as fertilizer rate increased. 3. Fertilization of urea dissolved in water to soil was more efficient than surface fertilization for growth and yield characters and the uptake of N by corn and potatoes. 4. There were no differences in dry matter yield of plants between medium and high N rates, but N, Ca, K and Mg concentrations of plants were higher at higher N rates. 5. There were significant correlations between N uptake and each of Ca, K and Mg uptakes in corn and potatoes indicating that the uptake of N affect the uptake of the other nutrients. 6. With increased N, pH of leachate tended to decrease and NO_(3)-N concentration of leachate increased. 7. NO_(3)-N leaching loss was remarkably greater in soil from the bare plot without fertilization and the weed control than from plots with medium N rate and was least in the cropping plot without fertilization. NO_(3)-N concentration in leachates from the water dissolved N fertilizer application plots was 64% of that from the soil surface application plots. The concentration of Ca and K ions and the leaching loss of these ions were least from the cropping plot without fertilization and were greatest from bare plots(T1 and T2) without fertilization. 8. Total N uptake by plants increased with increased N fertilizer and compost applications. Plants absorbed 54.9% of applied N at low N rate and 31.0 to 34.0% at high N rates. The proportion of leaching and residual N in soil increased as N rate increased indicting that higher N rates increase the possibility of N leaching to subsoil layer. The proportion of N leaching losses was lower at the low N rate and the high plant density. 9. Cl^(-), NO_(3)-N Ca, and K concentrations of percolates were highest at soil depth of 20 to 40cm 1 month after fertilization and then reduced to concentration of soil before fertilization 5.5 months after fertilization. 10. At depth of 120cm. the concentration of NO_(3)-N and the other canons in leachate was highest 1 to 1.5 months after fertilization. 11. pH was negatively correlated with NO_(3)-N concentration in percolated water while there were positive correlation between NO_(3)-N and Cl^(-), Ca^(2+) and Mg^(+2) concentrations. This result showed that canons could be leached out with NO_(3)-N. 12. In future, fertilization prescription which can maximize fertilizer use efficiency and minimize the pollution of ground water will be needed for conserving the environments.

마이크로파 산란계 및 합성구경레이더를 이용한 작물생육 모니터링

김이현 강원대학교 대학원 2012 국내박사

Microwave remote sensing can help monitor the land surface water cycle and crop growth. This type of remote sensing has great potential over conventional remote sensing using the visible and infrared regions due to its all-weather day-and-night imaging capabilities. In this paper, A ground-based multi-frequency(L-, C-, and X-band) polarimetric scatterometer system capable of making observations every 10 min was developed. This system was used to monitor the rice and soybean over an entire growth cycle. The polarimetric scatterometer components were installed inside an air-conditioned shelter to maintain constant temperature and humidity during the data acquisition period. Backscattering coefficients for the crop growing season were compared with biophysical measurements. In the rice, backscattering coefficients for all bands gradually increased in accordance with rice growth data and decreased with a reduction of leaf area index(LAI) and fresh weight. X-band backscattering coefficients observed dual-peak characteristics during rice growth stage and grain dry weight was closely related to the X-band backscattering coefficients. For L-band, double bounce( in pauli decomposition) from flooded water and stems dominates over volume scattering() from leaves (β > γ) due to deeper penetration of longer wavelength into rice canopy. The correlation between backscattering and rice growth data decreased with increasing frequency. L-HH is the most preferable channel for the monitoring of fresh weight(r=0.97***), LAI(r=0.96***) and plant height(r=0.88***) while X-VV was the best for grain dry weight(r=0.94***) and grain water content(r=0.92***). In the soybean, backscattering coefficients for all frequencies and polarizations increased until DOY 271 and then decreased along with LAI, fresh weight, plant height, and vegetation water content(VWC). Pauli decomposition can provide insight on the relative magnitude of different scattering mechanisms during the soybean growth cycle. We found that double bounce was the strongest component for L-band observations. The volume scattering is the strongest contribution for X-band observations. We examined the relationship between the backscattering coefficients of each band(frequency/polarization) and the various soybean growth parameters. The correlation between the different vegetation parameters and backscatter decreased with increasing frequency. From this analysis we concluded that L-band HH-polarization is the best suited for the monitoring of LAI(r=0.98***), and VWC(r=0.97***). The correlation between volumetric soil moisture content and backscatter was poor when the entire growth period was considered. However, we found that L-HH correlated well with soil moisture content(r=0.89***) when a threshold of VWC < 1.5 kg m-2 was used in the analysis. We also analyzed between soybean growth parameters and COSMO-SkyMed satellite data. Fresh weight, LAI, VWC and plant height were highly correlated with X-HH(0.93**, 0.96**, 0.91**, and 0.95** respectively). The results of these analyses will be useful in determining the optimum microwave frequency and polarizations necessary for estimating vegetation parameters and soil moisture content in the rice and soybean. These results also will be useful in understanding the scattering behavior of different frequencies in an agricultural field and help in the development of better vegetation and soil moisture content retrievals using current and future satellite missions including KOMPSAT-5 COSI(2012), PALSAR-2, and SMAP(2014). 광학영상에 비해 날씨의 영향을 받지 않고 자료를 취득할 수 있는 L, C, X-밴드 기반의 마이크로파 산란계 관측시스템을 구축하여 우리나라 대표작물인 벼와 콩을 대상으로 전 생육기간 동안 생육변화를 모니터링하고 생육인자들과의 상관성 분석을 통해 생육을 추정하였다. 2009년도 국립농업과학원 연구지역에서 벼 생육시기에 따른 밴드별 후방산란계수와 생육인자 변화 분석결과 모든 밴드에서 벼 생육초기(5월말 ~ 6월초)에는 VV-편파가 HH-, HV-편파보다 후방산란계수가 높게 나타났고, 유효분얼기(DOY 166, 6월 16일) 이후 HH-편파가 다른 편파들에 비해 후방산란계수가 높게 나타나기 시작하였으며 이 현상은 벼 수확기(DOY 285, 10월 12일)까지 지속되었다. L-밴드 후방산란계수는 벼 출수기(DOY 222, 8월 10일) 이후 이증 산란() 효과가 크게 나타났고, X-밴드 모든 편파별 후방산란계수는 벼 유수형성기(DOY 206, 7월 24일)까지 증가한 후 감소하다가 벼 유숙기(DOY 243, 8월 31일)에 다시 증가하여 황숙기(DOY 275, 10월 2일)를 정점으로 다시 감소하는 dual-peak 현상을 보였다. 밴드 및 편파별 후방산란계수와 벼 생육인자와의 분석 결과 L-밴드 HH-편파 후방산란계수는 생체중(r=0.97***), 엽면적지수(r=0.96***), 초장(r=0.88***), 식생 수분함량(r=0.96***)과 각각 상관계수가 가장 높게 나타났고, X-밴드 VV-편파에서는 이삭 건물중(r=0.94***), 이삭 수분함량(r=0.92***)과 상관관계가 높게 나타났다. L-밴드 HH-편파 후방산란계수를 이용하여 각 생육인자들에 대한 추정값과 실측값을 비교한 결과 생체중(RMSE=8.12 g m-2), 엽면적지수(RMSE=0.14), 초장(RMSE=5.14 cm), 식생 수분함량(RMSE=0. 22 kg m-2)이 각각 작은 오차를 보였고, 이삭 건물중의 경우에서도 X-밴드 VV-편파 후방산란계수를 이용 이삭 건물중 추정값과 실측값을 1:1 선상에서 비교한 결과 RMSE가 0.36 g m-2 로 낮게 나타나 추정 모형의 유효성이 높다는 것이 증명되었다. 마이크로파 산란계에서 얻어진 레이더 식생지수(RVI)와 벼 생육인자와의 관계를 분석하였는데 L-밴드 RVI이 C-밴드 RVI 보다 벼 생육인자와의 상관성이 높게 나타났고, L-밴드 RVI는 VWC, LAI와 각각 매우 높은 상관관계가 나타났다(r=0.96***, r=0.99***). 2010년도 국립식량과학원 연구지역에 콩 생육시기에 따른 L, C, X-밴드 편파별 후방산란계수와 콩 생육인자 변화를 측정한 결과 모든 안테나 편파별 후방산란계수가 9월 29일(DOY 271)에 최대값을 보였고 그 이후 수확기 까지 감소하였는데 초장, 엽면적지수, 건물중 등 콩 생육인자들에서도 동일한 경향이 나타났다. 콩 생육시기별로 후방산란계수와 토양수분 변화 관계를 알아본 결과 R2(개화성기, DOY 224)까지 두 변수 간의 변화 경향이 비슷하게 나타났다. 밴드별 후방산란계수와 콩 생육인자와의 상관관계를 분석한 결과 L-밴드 HH-편파에서 엽면적지수(r=0.98***), 생체중(r=0.98***), 초장(r=0.98***), 식생 수분함량(r=0.97***), 꼬투리중(r=0.94***), 토양수분 함량(r=0.89***)과 각각 상관계수가 가장 높게 나타났다. L-밴드 HH-편파 후방산란계수를 이용하여 콩 생육인자를 추정하고 추정모형에서 얻어진 추정값과 생육인자 실측값을 비교한 결과 엽면적지수(RMSE=0.17), 생체중(RMSE=0.20 kg m-2), 초장(RMSE=2.98 cm), 식생 수분함량(RMSE=0.13 kg m-2), 토양수분 함량(RMSE=0.90%)이 각각 작은 오차를 보였다. L-밴드 HH-편파 후방산란계수를 이용하는 것이 콩 생육 및 토양수분 함량을 가장 높게 예측할 수 있었음을 확인하였다. 마이크로파 산란계에서 얻어진 레이더 식생지수(RVI)와 콩 생육인자와의 관계를 분석하였는데 L-밴드 RVI와 VWC, LAI와의 상관성 분석에서 각각 r=0.98***, r=0.98***로 상관계수가 매우 높게 나타났다. 합성구경레이더 영상(COSMO-SkyMed)을 이용하여 콩 생육을 추정하였다. 영상 후방산란계수는 초장(R2=0.91), 엽면적지수(R2=0.86), 생체중(R2=0.86), 건물중(R2=0.86), 식생수분 함량(R2=0.87)과 1차식 관계가 성립되었고 결정계수가 높게 나타났다.

木酢液이 作物生育과 土壤化學性 變化 및 堆肥化에 미치는 影響

이종은 忠南大學校 大學院 2004 국내석사

This study was carried out to investigate the utilization of pyroligneous acid liquor(PA) in agriculture and the livestock industry. The effects of PA in field vary greatly including the following; increasing microorganism populations in the soil, removal of odors from livestock manure, protection from pests and insects, promotion of composting fermentation, and acceleration of root growth, etc. In this study, PA was applied to experiment on the plant cultivation(chinese cabbage L) and pig manure mixed with saw dust undergoing composting. The plant(Chinese cabbage F) were cultured in 1/5000a pots for 40 days. Also the composting process was conducted to find the physico-chemical properties and odors changing of compost produced by aerated static pile system(ASPS). 1. Changes of plant growth factors and soil chemical properties The germination index(G.I) and root growth of cabbage and lettuce seeds were the most effective at the diluted 500 times of PA(PA-500 treatment among other treatments). Especially, the result of cabbage seed was the higher about 30% than the lettuce seed. In the case of cabbage cultivation, the plant growth parameters(length, width, and number of leaf, fresh and dry weight) of the PA-200 and PA-400 treatments were better growing effect and yeilds than others. However the chlorophyll content and uptake factors of N, P, and total cations(Ca, Mg, K and Na) in plants were the highest value at the PA-200 treatment. And the yield of cabbage at the PA-200 treatment was the same result, also. And in the analyzed of cultivated soils, pH values were decreased a little from initial soil result at all of the treatments. From the results of NO_(3)^(-)-N and NH_(4)^(+)-N in soils, NO_(3)^(-)-N content was increased higher value than NH_(4)^(+)-N content according to applying of PA. Also, Ca content in soils at the PA treatments was higher value among exchangeable cations. 2. Composting of pig manure using PA The results of physico-chemical properties(parameters as temperature, pH, Y value, C/N ratio, CEC, and phytotoxicity etc) of the compost were as follows. The temperature of the control treatment increased from 28 to 60℃ within 10 days and remained near that level until the 30th day when it began to descend. On the other hand, the temperature change for the PA-100 and PA-300 treatments reached 65 to 70℃ within 8 days and became stabilized after 30th day when temperatures decreased by about 28℃. However, the temperature of control stabilized at about the 40th day. Initially, the pH value of control treatment dropped from 8.24 to slightly above 8 during 4th day but that of the PA-100 treatment declined to 7.8. Compared to pH value of each treatment, the PA-100 treatment was the lowest at about 7.3 after becoming stabilized. Also the Y value, CEC, and G.I. were increased for all of the treatments. The CEC value for PA-100 among the treatments was the highest level at approximately 47.9 cmol_(c)/kg as dried organic matter weight compared to about 44 cmol_(c)/kg for the control. The C/N ratio range of PA-100 treatment was better balanced than others and was at 30.6. The C/N ratio has been used to indicate the stability of compost. Moreover the G.I. value for the control, PA-100 and PA-300 respectively was 108.1, 120.0, and 118.0 level. Finally, the ultimate goal in composting is to produce a humus-like product that can be used for soil improvement and plant growth. From the results of this study, we found that the use of PA produced a good compost. We recommend using PA for composting concentration of about 1:100 to 1:300 dilution in water. The NH_(3) gas content from the entire treatments(volume 9L) was approximately 8 mg/kg at the first day of composting. In the case of the control treatment, NH_(3) gas content was increased by 46 mg/kg for 10 days and was not detected after the 25th days. On the other hand NH_(3) gas content of PA-100 and PA-300 treatments was 38 mg/kg at the 6th day and decreased after the 15th day. Gas chromatography(GC) was used to analyze the volatile organic acids(VOAs), acetic acid, butylic acid, isobutylic acid, isovaleric aicd, 2,3-methylbutylic aicd, and propionic acid. The concentration of acetic acid and butylic acid were the higher than other VOAs during the initial composting day and sharply declined after the 15th day of the composting process. The VOAs in the control treatment were last detected for 40 days after start of the study, but PA-100 and PA-300 treatments were not measured after the 15th day of composting. Conclusively, PA-100 was the most effective treatment for decreasing of NH_(3) and VOAs during composting. Therefore, the utilization of PAL is also expected that the results of this researches could be applied to the plant cultivation for environment-friendly farm and the organic wastes for promoting of the composting.

고로슬래그를 이용한 인공토 개발

이지은 강원대학교 대학원 2023 국내석사

철강산업에서 철 생산 후 발생하는 부산물 중 수재슬래그(이하 고로슬래그)는 일반적으로 고로슬래그를 지칭하며, 고로에서 발생하는 부산물이 급속도로 냉각된 비정질의 슬래그를 말한다. 고로슬래그는 연간 2,000만 ton에 육박하는 막대한 양이 배출되고 있으며, 발생량은 점차 증가하고 있다. 그 중 대부분은 시멘트 및 규산질 비료로서 활용되고 있다. 그러나 이 외의 고로슬래그를 다양한 용도로 활용하기 위한 연구는 아직 부족한 현실이다. 한편, 고로슬래그의 90 % 이상을 차지하고 있는 것은 CaO, SiO2, Al2O3이며, 그 중 Ca은 작물생육에 필요한 원소이다. 이러한 고로슬래그를 인공토로 재활용할 경우, 비중이 약 1.38 kg/L로 무거워 경량형 인공 지반이 아닌 중량·혼합형 인공 지반에 활용되기에 적합하며, 비산 방재, 작물 생육 증대 등과 같은 기능을 기대할 수 있다. 따라서 철강 부산물인 고로슬래그를 활용함으로써 부가가치를 향상시키고자 연구를 진행하였다. 고로슬래그를 이용한 인공토를 제조하기 위해 먼저 고로슬래그의 이화학적 특성을 확인하였는데, pH 및 모래함량이 높으며, CaO와 SiO2 가 약 77 %를 차지한다는 것을 확인했다. 또한 중금속 용출 시험을 통해 유해 물질이 용출되지 않음을 확인하였다. 이후, 모래 함량이 높으며 알칼리성인 고로슬래그의 점토 함량을 높이고 pH를 낮추기 위해 점토광물인 규조토를 사용했고, 최적의 기준 pH인 6-7로 맞추어보니, 혼합비가 4:1(W/W)임을 확인했다. 또한, 식물체의 유기물 공급을 위해 바이오차와 피트모스를 2.5:2.5(W/W)로 혼합하여 전체 무게의 10 %로 하여 활용하였다. 배합한 인공토의 작물 생장 실험을 통해 이화학성 및 생물성과 작물 생장성을 확인해본 결과, 이화학성은 조경설계기준에서 제시하는 기준에 부합했다. 생물성은 다른 처리구와 유의미한 차이가 나타나지 않았고 대조구인 상토와 혼합한 인공토 처리구의 생중량 및 건물중이 가장 높았으나, 엽록소 함량과 엽각 측정 결과, 인공토 처리구의 작물생육성이 높았다. 이는 고로슬래그의 규산이 식물체를 직립시켜 광합성 효율이 증진되었으며, 비교적 높은 비중으로 식물체의 활착에 긍정적인 영향을 끼친 것으로 판단된다. 결론적으로, 고로슬래그를 주 원료로 활용한 인공토는 혼합형·중량형 인공 지반에서 활용 시 기존 인공토보다 물리·화학적 특성이 준수하며 작물생육에 적합한 환경을 제공할 수 있는 인공토임을 확인할 수 있었다. Granulated blast furnace slag (referred as blast furnace slag) is a by-product produced after iron production in the steel industry, and is generally referred to as blast furnace slag. It is an amorphous slag that is a rapidly cooled by-product of the blast furnace. Blast furnace slag is produced in an enormous amount of about 20 million tons per year, and the amount is gradually increasing. 98 % of them are utilized as cement and siliceous fertilizers. However, various studies for other uses are still lacking. On the other hand, CaO, SiO2, and Al2O3 account for more than 90 % of blast furnace slag, and among them, Ca is a necessary element for crop growth. When such blast furnace slag is recycled as artificial soil, its bulk density is about 1.38 kg/L, so it is suitable for use in heavy/mixed artificial ground rather than lightweight artificial ground, and scattering disaster prevention and crop growth enhancement can be expected. Therefore, research was conducted to improve value by using blast furnace slag. The physicochemical properties of the blast furnace slag were analyzed to make artificial soil from the blast furnace slag, and the pH and sand content were high, and about 77 % were composed of CaO and SiO2. Also, it was analyzed that no heavy metal were leached through the elution test. Afterwards, it was confirmed that the optimal mixing ratio with diatomite, a clay mineral, was 4:1 (W/W) to increase the clay content and lower pH of the sand-rich, alkaline blast furnace slag. In addition, biochar and peat moss were mixed at a ratio of 2.5:2.5 (W/W) to supply organic matter to plants, and 10% of the total weight was used. As a result of analyzing the physicochemical and biological properties and crop growth through the pot experiment of the mixed artificial soil, the physicochemical properties met the standards presented in the landscape design standards. In the case of biological properties, there was no significant difference from other treatments. The fresh weight and dry weight of artificial soil treatment group with bed soil treatment group were the highest. However, as a result of measuring chlorophyll content and leaf angle, crop growth in the artificial soil treatment was high. It is judged that the silicic acid of the blast furnace slag increased the photosynthetic efficiency by erecting the plant, and had a positive effect on taking root on soil with a relatively high bulk density. In conclusion, it is judged that artificial soil using blast furnace slag as a main material can be used in heavy/mixed artificial ground, and it was confirmed that it is an excellent artificial soil for crop growth.

논밭輪換 耕作時 土壤의 理化學性, 作物生育 및 雜草發生의 變化

양창휴 圓光大學校 1996 국내박사

가축분뇨 에너지화시설에서의 바이오차 생산 및 이용 사례 연구

박강순 상지대학교 일반대학원 2025 국내석사

본 연구는 가축분뇨 혐기소화 시설과 연계된 바이오차 생산 시스템의 농업적 활용 가능성을 탐색하는 데 목적이 있다. 이는 혐기소화 부산물을 고부가가치 농자재로 전환하여 탄소중립과 자원순환에 기여할 수 있다는 실마리를 제공했다는 점에 의의가 있다. 연구 대상은 돈분뇨와 음폐수를 병합 처리하는 혐기소화조 후단에 TLUD 탄화 설비를 연계한 공정이다. 이 공정의 핵심은 원료의 성상 변화 활용이다. 혐기소화로 유기물이 분해된 슬러지는 난분해성 물질과 무기물이 농축된다. 이를 500℃ 이상에서 열분해하면 미네랄(P, K, Ca, Mg) 함량이 높아져 비료로서의 가치가 상승하며, 생물학적·열화학적 안정화를 통해 토양 내 탄소 격리 효율 또한 높아질 것으로 기대된다. 생산된 바이오차는 2024년 신설된 「가축분 바이오차」 비료공정규격을 모두 충족하였다. 염분(1.03%)과 중금속(Cu, Zn) 농도는 기준치 이내로 안전성이 확인되었다. 특히 H/C 몰비(0.54)와 O/C 몰비(0.39) 수치는 열분해를 통해 형성된 방향족 구조의 안정성을 나타낸다. 이는 실질적인 탄소 감축 수단으로서의 잠재력이 높음을 시사한다. 바질 재배 실험 결과, 바이오차 투입구는 대조구 대비 양적 생장(초장 13.6%, 엽수 18.8% 증가)과 질적 향상(엽색 유지, 노화 지연)에서 긍정적인 경향을 보였다.

養液裁培 方法이 作物의 根圈 環境, 光合成, 無機이온 吸收 및 作物生育에 미치는 影響

배공영 서울市立大學校 大學院 1988 국내석사

완효성복합비료(Methylene urea)가 주요 작물생육에 미치는 영향

황창룡 慶北大學校 農業開發大學院 2004 국내석사

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of slow-release compound fertilizer on the growth and yield of paddy rice and cucumber through a field experiment. The fertilizer used were slow-release compound fertilizer MU(Methylene urea ; paddy rice (18-7-10, Mg-2), Upland culture(16-9-12, Mg-2)). Treatment were Control, MU-80(80% equivalent to urea application) and MU-100(100% equivalent to urea application). The chemical properties as pH, EC, exchangeable Ca, K contents of soil were decreased gradually by cultivation of paddy rice. The growth and yield at the MU-100 treatment plot were higher than those of the other plots. By the results of application for cucumber cultivation, Total yield and marketable yield of cucumber at the MU-100 treatment plot were higher than those of the other plots. Therefore, application of slow-release compound fertilizer was found a good plants growth. To be very effective on cultivation of paddy rice & cucumber.

作物生育促進 根圈細菌이 열무의 生長에 미치는 影響

윤해성 상주대학교 산업대학원 2004 국내석사

土壤特性과 作物生育에 關한 空間變異性 分析 硏究

박무언 서울大學校 1987 국내박사