이용사 국가기술자격증 인식이 직무활용성 및 자격증 만족도에 미치는 영향

김채윤 남부대학교 교육대학원 2025 국내석사

이용사 국가기술자격증 인식이 직무활용성 및 자격증 만족도에 미치는 영향 김채윤 지도교수 : 유민정 남부대학교 교육대학원 미용교육전공 본 연구는 이용사 국가기술자격증 인식이 직무활용성 및 자격증 만족도에 미치 는 영향을 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 조사 대상자의 일반적 특성에 대해 빈도분석을 실시한 결과 성별은 여자 193명(61.9%), 남자 119명(38.1%)으로 나타났고, 연령은 50대 이상, 최종학력은 2년 제 대학 재학 또는 졸업자, 직업은 개인사업자, 현장 경험 기간은 10년 이상 높게 나타났다. 둘째. 이용사 국가기술자격증 취득실태 분석 결과 경영 목적으로 자격증 취득을 위해 수업을 받는 것으로 볼 수 있다. 자격증 취득을 위한 교육내용이 중점인 것으 로 볼 수 있고, 가치상승에 대해 만족하는 것으로 볼 수 있다. 국가기술자격증 취득 기간은 대체적으로 3-6개월 미만 정도 걸린 것으로 볼 수 있다. 국가기술자격증 취 득경로는 학원을 통해 취득한 것으로 볼 수 있다. 마지막으로 국가기술자격증 취득 후 진로는 개인사업을 위해 취득한 것으로 볼 수 있다. 셋째, 이용사 국가기술자격증에 대한 인식에 대해 알아보기 위하여 기술통계분 석을 실시한 결과는 평균 4.22점으로 나타났다. 성별에 따라서는 전반적인 이용사 국가자격증에 대한 인식과 하위요인별 필요성, 효용성, 자격증 가치, 비용 적절성이 높은 것으로 나타났으며(p<.01), 연령, 최종학력, 직업에 따라서는 전반적인 이용사 국가기술자격증에 대한 인식과 하위요인별 필요성, 효용성, 자격증 가치, 비용 적절 성, 구성 적절성이 높은 것으로 나타났다(p<.001). 넷째, 직무활용성에 대해 알아보기 위하여 기술통계분석을 실시한 결과 평균 4.45점으로 나타났다. 성별, 연령, 최종학력, 직업, 현장 경험 기간에 따라 통계적으 로 유의미한 차이가 나타났다(p<.001). 다섯째, 자격증 만족도에 대해 알아보기 위하여 기술통계분석을 실시한 결과는 평균 4.48점으로 나타났다. 성별, 연령, 최종학력, 직업, 현장 경험 기간에 따라 통계 적으로 유의미한 차이가 나타났다(p<.001). 여섯째, 이용사 국가기술자격증에 대한 인식과 직무활용성, 자격증 만족도 간의 상관관계를 알아보기 위하여 Pearson 상관관계분석을 실시한 결과는 이용사 국가자 격증에 대한 인식의 하위요인별 필요성, 효용성, 자격증 가치, 비용 적절성, 구성 적 절성(r=.604, p<.001)은 직무활용성과 통계적으로 유의미한 정(+)의 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 이용사 국가기술자격증에 대한 인식의 하위요인별 필요성, 효용성, 자격증 가치, 비용 적절성, 구성 적절성은 자격증 만족도와도 통계적으로 유의미한 정(+)의 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 직무활용성은 자격 증 만족도와 통계적으로 유의미한 정(+)의 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 일곱째, 가설검증 결과 이용사 국가기술자격증에 대한 인식 중 효용성, 비용 적 절성, 자격증 가치, 구성 적절성, 필요성이 높을수록 직무활용성, 자격증 만족도도 높아지는 것으로 볼 수 있다. 직무활용성이 높을수록 자격증 만족도도 높아지는 것 으로 볼 수 있다. 직무활용성은 국가기술자격증에 대한 인식의 하위요인별 필요성, 효용성, 자격증 가치, 비용 적절성, 구성 적절성이 자격증 만족도에 미치는 영향을 부분매개(partial mediation)하는 것으로 볼 수 있다.

네일 국가기술자격증에 대한 인식이 네일숍 현장에서의 직무활용성 및 자격증취득 만족도에 미치는 영향

이선화 대구가톨릭대학교 뷰티·예술대학원 2020 국내석사

In this study, it is expected to help raise the awareness of NAIL national technical qualifications and to increase job utilization and satisfaction in obtaining the certification. It also aims to provide nail artists who can help nail artists in the field and contribute to the development of the beauty industry. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the national recognition for the national technical qualification on the job utilization and the satisfaction of obtaining a certificate. This study was conducted between July 19 and July 25, 2019, among the beauty majors and practitioners with at least one on-site nail experience in Daegu and Gyeongbuk, who have obtained the National Nail Certificate or more than one certification exam. Data were collected by distributing questionnaires at nail shops, beauty academies, and universities. The collected questionnaire was statistically processed into a total of 317 copies, excluding the questionnaires with insufficient response contents. As the analysis method, frequency analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis were performed using SPSS 25.0 program. The conclusions of the study are as follows. First, 78.2% of the total subjects obtained certifications, 62.8% of them took the test once, and 88.0% of them obtained the course. The satisfaction of the acquisition was 49.5% higher in value, the acquisition purpose was 51.7%, and the job after acquisition was 50.5% private business. In the acquisition process, the focus of education was 50.8% certification, and the most rest among 4 nail national technical certifications was 53.6% gel nail polish. 68.5% gel nail polish was considered to be high in field utilization, and 42.3% artificial nail was considered to be low in field utilization. The number of test takers was obtained at 62.1% once, the time required for acquisition was 76.2% less than 6 months, and the cost used was more than 73.4% 1 million won. This suggests that gel nail polish is consistent with the one that was considered the highest among the four national nail technical qualification certificates and the one considered to have high field utilization. Second, the value and constructiveness of sub-factors of nail national technical qualification recognition have been shown to affect on-site utilization, which is a sub-factor of job utilization. Although the constructiveness and necessity, which are the sub-factors of the certification recognition, have an effect on the task utilization, which is a sub-factor of job utilization, the value, cost, and utility did not. In addition, the structural adequacy, which is a sub-factor of nail national technical qualification recognition, was found to have a relatively high impact on the field utilization and task utilization, which are sub-factors of job utilization. This suggests that constructiveness among the recognition factors for the national technical qualification is an important factor for job utilization. Third, value and constructiveness, which are sub-factors of NAIL national technical qualification recognition, were found to have an effect on satisfaction with certification, but cost, necessity, and utility did not. In addition, it was found that value, which is a sub-factor of the recognition of nail national technical qualifications, has a relatively high impact on satisfaction with certification. This shows that the value of certification plays an important role in satisfaction with certification. Fourth, on-site utilization and task utilization, which are sub-factors of job utilization, were found to have an effect on satisfaction with certification. In addition, the sub-factor of job utilization, field utilization showed a relatively high impact. It can be seen that the effect of utilization in the practical field on the satisfaction of certification acquisition is important.

문화예술교육사 제도 활용 및 인식에 관한 질적 연구

김누리 삼육대학교 2021 국내석사

In this study, stories on the experience and awareness of the art and culture education instructor system were interpreted from the perspective of new art and culture education instructor and cultural facility officials, and aimed at discussing and suggesting ways to utilize and improve the art and culture education system. As a result, an in-depth interview was conducted for new art and culture education instructors and cultural facility officials who have experience in supporting internships of art and culture education instructors who have obtained the certificate of art and culture education instructor for 1 to 3 years, and the results of research by new art and culture education instructors and cultural facility officials are as follows. New art and culture education instructors showed a positive attitude first in that various careers can be chosen, not the path of artists. Secondly, it was confirmed that the art and culture education instructor system is valid for employment. Third, it was hoped that a community would be formed in which this could be communicated with art and culture education instructors in other fields. Fourth, new art and culture education instructors working as freelancers had economic anxiety and more than one kind of work was being done at the same time. First of all, cultural facility officials were aware of the art and culture education instructor system, but the need for art and culture education instructors was not felt. Second, most showed a positive attitude toward the new art and culture education instructors in performing their jobs. Third, in order for cultural facility officials to raise awareness of the art and culture education instructor system, they felt the need for the use of systems such as DB operated in cultural facilities and close connection with the laws of the essential employment institutions. It is hoped that this study will provide basic data to help new art and culture education instructors and cultural facility officials improve the art and culture education instructor system in the right direction through qualitative study on the use and recognition of the art and culture education instructor system felt in the field in the future. In addition, the significance can be found in that the process of the growth of new art and culture education instructors will be divided by career, allowing follow-up studies such as narrative research to serve as the starting point for a study that seeks the direction of a better qualification system for art and culture education instructors. 본 연구에서는 문화예술교육사 제도 활용 경험과 인식에 관한 이야기를 신규문화예술교육사와 문화시설관계자의 관점에서 해석하여 문화예술교육사 제도 활용과 개선 방안을 논의하고 제언하는 것을 목적으로 두었다. 이를 위해 문화예술교육사 자격증을 취득한지 1∼3년 된 신규문화예술교육사와 문화예술교육사 인턴십 지원사업을 운영해본 경험이 있는 문화시설관계자를 대상으로 심층 면담을 진행하였으며, 신규문화예술교육사와 문화시설관계자의 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 신규문화예술교육사는 첫째, 예술가의 길이 아닌 다양한 진로를 선택할 수 있다는 점에서 긍정적인 태도를 보였다. 둘째, 문화예술교육사 제도가 취업에 유효하다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 셋째, 다른 분야의 문화예술교육사들과 소통할 수 있는 커뮤니티가 형성되길 바라고 있었다. 넷째, 프리랜서로 활동하는 신규문화예술교육사는 경제적 불안감을 가지고 두 가지 이상의 일을 병행하고 있었다. 문화시설관계자는 첫째, 문화예술교육사 제도에 대해 인식하고 있었지만 문화예술교육사의 필요성을 느끼지 못하고 있었다. 둘째, 신규문화예술교육사의 업무수행능력에 대부분 긍정적인 태도를 보였다. 셋째, 문화시설관계자들은 문화예술교육사 제도에 대한 인식이 제고되기 위해서는 문화시설에서 운영하는 DB와 같은 시스템 활용, 필수채용기관들의 법령과 긴밀한 연계의 필요성을 느끼고 있었다. 본 연구는 향후 신규문화예술교육사와 문화시설관계자들이 현장에서 느끼는 문화예술교육사 제도 활용과 인식에 대한 질적연구로 문화예술교육사 제도가 올바른 방향으로 개선될 수 있게 도움이 되는 기초자료가 될 수 있기를 바란다. 또한, 신규문화예술교육사가 성장하는 과정을 경력별로 나누어 내러티브 연구와 같은 후속 연구를 통하여 더 나은 문화예술교육사 자격제도의 방향성을 모색하는 연구의 출발점이 된다는 점에서 그 의의를 찾을 수 있을 것이다.

기업의 국가기술자격증 우대현황에 미치는 영향요인 분석 : 2022년도 수험자 기초통계를 중심으로

최호준 고려대학교 정책대학원 2024 국내석사

The National Technical Qualification System was established in 1973 with the enactment of the National Technical Qualifications Act. Currently, over 1.5 million individuals take exams annually, utilizing certifications across various fields. Given the recent emphasis on employment and job changes in the hiring market, it is necessary to understand how certifications are practically utilized in corporate settings. This study aims to analyze the preferential treatment and content of preferential treatment for certifications from the perspective of examinees, using survey data from candidates registering for the 2022 national technical qualification exams on Q-Net (www.q-net.or.kr). Independent variables include 'qualification grade,' 'company size,' and 'applicant age,' while dependent variables are 'preference status at workplace' and 'content of workplace preference.' The analysis is based on responses from 1,345,548 individuals who answered the question about 'preference status at workplace' from the 2022 examinee basic statistics data. For the 'content of workplace preference,' responses from 827,023 individuals who answered 'preferred' in the 'preference status at workplace' question were used. The analysis involved conducting a significance test using the chi-square test, followed by logistic regression analysis, random forest model, SVM model, and LightGBM model. The goal was to identify the model with the highest accuracy and F1 score and determine the most significant variables affecting the preferential treatment and content of preferential treatment for certifications. 국가기술자격제도는 1973년에 국가기술자격법이 만들어짐에 따라 현재는 150만명 이상의 사람들이 매해 시험에 응시하여 다양한 분야에서 자격증이 활용되고 있다. 특히 취업 및 이직 등이 채용시장에서 화두가 된 최근 상황에서 자격증이 실제 기업현장에서 어떻게 활용되는지를 파악할 필요가 있다고 보인다. 본 연구는 큐넷(www.q-net.or.kr)에서 2022년 국가기술자격시험을 접수하는 수험자를 대상으로 하는 설문자료를 기초로 하여 ‘자격등급’ ‘사업장규모’ ‘응시연령’을 독립변수로 하고 ‘근무처 우대여부’ ‘근무처 우대내용’을 종속변수로 하여, 자격증을 수요하는 수험자의 입장에서 체감하고 있는 자격증 우대여부 및 우대내용을 분석하고자 한다. 분석 자료는 2022년 수험자 기초통계 자료에 기초하여 ‘근무처 우대여부’에 답변한 1,345,548명의 답변을 대상으로 하였으며, ‘근무처 우대내용’의 경우 ‘근무처 우대여부’에서 ‘우대함’에 답변한 827,023명을 대상으로 하였다. 분석 데이터에 대해 카이제곱검정을 통한 유의성 검사를 실시한 이후 로지스틱 회귀분석, 랜덤포레스트 모형, SVM 모형, Lightgbm 모형으로 분석하여 최종적으로 가장 정확도와 F1 score가 높은 모형을 검토하고, 자격증 우대여부 및 우대내용에 있어 가장 중요도가 높은 변수가 무엇인지 파악하고자 하였다.

미용사(메이크업) 국가기술자격증에 대한 인식이 직무활용도에 미치는 영향 : 자기효능감을 매개효과로

강민지 영산대학교 미용예술대학원 2024 국내석사

The beauty industry refers to services such as hair, skin, nails, and makeup to keep the human body healthy and beautiful. Today's beauty is a systematic study that requires not only trendy technology but also theoretical knowledge to demonstrate the abilities of a technician. In addition, as the demand for professional skills and functions is increasing, it was believed that the hairdresser certification system needs to be accepted as a professional skill required by the industry. Accordingly, in this study, we attempted to analyze the impact on self-efficacy and job utilization according to the recognition of the hairdresser (makeup) national technical certification and investigate the mediating relationship for each result. The results of this study are as follows. First, in terms of the general characteristics and age of the survey subjects, the majority were women at 82.5%, and those in their 20s accounted for the highest figure at 51.0%. Regarding educational background, high school attendance/ graduation was the majority at 37.9%, major field of study was makeup major at 52.1%, and occupation was student (including high school and college) at 41.2%. Since the proportion of students was highest in the profession, those with less than 1 year of field experience were the highest at 46.0%, followed by those with 1 to 2 years of experience at 24.8%. The time required to acquire a certificate was less than 1 to 4 months at 40.4%, the highest purpose of acquisition was employment at 57.7%, and the tuition required to acquire a certificate was 500,000 to 1 million won at 39.6%. Second, an analysis of the differences in awareness, self-efficacy, and job utilization of hairdresser (makeup) national technical certification according to general characteristics shows that the average values of necessity, self-efficacy, and job utilization in recognition of national technical certification are higher for women than for men, appeared to be perceived as higher. In terms of age, there was a difference in necessity between the 50s group and the 30s group, and there was a significant difference in self-efficacy between the under 20s group and the 20s and 30s group. In the analysis of differences according to educational background, there was a significant difference in self-efficacy between the 2-year enrolled/graduated group and the 4-year enrolled/graduated group. In terms of occupation, there were significant differences between groups in sub-factors other than the utility, appropriateness of composition, and cost in recognition of national technical qualifications. In terms of field experience, there was a difference in self-efficacy between the less than 1 year group, the 2 to 3 year group, and the 5 years or more group, and there was a significant difference between each group regarding job utilization. In terms of acquisition time and purpose of acquisition, there was a significant difference in both self-efficacy and job utilization between the group for less than 1 to 4 months and the group for more than 1 year, and there was a significant difference in necessity between the employment and start-up group and the college admission group. There was a significant difference between the employment group and the start-up group in terms of self-efficacy and job utilization. In the analysis of differences according to tuition fees, significant differences were found between the group earning less than 500,000 won and the group earning less than 1 million to 1.5 million won for each subfactor. Third, the necessity, value, and cost of each sub-factor of recognition of the hairdresser (makeup) national technical certification were found to have a statistically significant positive (+) correlation with self-efficacy, and the construct adequacy, necessity, value, and utility were found to have a statistically significant positive correlation with job utilization. It was found that there was a statistically significant positive (+) correlation, and self-efficacy was found to have a statistically significant positive (+) correlation with job utilization. Fourth, awareness of national technical qualifications for hairdressers (make-up) shows that necessity and cost have a positive influence on self-efficacy, showing that awareness of necessity and cost of national technical qualifications are important factors, and self-efficacy It was found to have a positive (+) effect on job utilization, indicating that the perception of self-efficacy is an important factor in job utilization. The necessity, value, and cost of recognizing national technical qualifications were found to have a significant positive influence on job utilization, showing that necessity, value, and cost are important factors. Fifth, as a result of a three-stage regression analysis with self-efficacy as a mediator, it was found that the construct appropriateness and cost of national technical certification awareness did not mediate the influence relationship on job utilization because a significant influence relationship was not and The necessity, value, and utility of recognition of technical qualifications were found to partially mediate the relationship of influence on job utilization, as the regression coefficient decreased significantly in the 3rd stage mediation condition compared to the 2nd stage. Through this study, we verified that awareness of the hairdresser (makeup) national technical certification has an influence on job utilization. We also investigated the impact of awareness of the hairdresser (makeup) national technical certification on self-efficacy and job utilization and proposed ways to improve the national technical certification and the purpose is to provide basic data. Implications of this study include: First, since the beauty service industry is an industry that requires specialized knowledge and techniques, there is a need to construct tasks with high utilization that can have a positive impact as composition appropriateness and effectiveness affect job utilization. Second, among the sub-factors of recognition of the hairdresser (makeup) national technical qualification, necessity, value, and utility were found to be mediated by self-efficacy. As a result, empirical research showed that the perception of the hairdresser (makeup) national technical qualification affects job utilization. It was confirmed that job utilization mediates self-efficacy. For better usability, it is believed that preferential treatment for qualification holders needs to be expanded through transparency and fairness in the qualification system. In addition, the questionnaire used in this study was conducted without targeting a specific target, but since there were many students with less than 1 year of job and field experience, in the follow-up study, in order to further increase the accuracy of job utilization, it was expanded to field practitioners and a diverse sample of hairdressers was surveyed. (Makeup) We hope to have a positive impact on the improvement plan for national technical certification.

미용관련 민간자격증의 취득실태에 따른 인식 및 활용도

유민아 숙명여자대학교 문화예술대학원 2019 국내석사

This study attempted to analyze private certificate acquisition patterns among cosmetologists and investigate their awareness and utilization of cosmetology-related private certificates. It is meaningful in that it suggests basic data needed to develop such cosmetology certificates. In terms of research methods, for the theoretical research, a literary review was performed, focusing on previous studies on general and cosmetology-related qualification systems. Empirically, a survey was conducted among adult beauty salon employees in Seoul and Gyeonggi from April 9 to 16, 2019. A total of 350 questionnaires were distributed through convenience sampling, and 300 copies were used for final analysis (edited). The results found the following: First, regarding cosmetology -related private certificate acquisition patterns, more than 95% of respondents had acquired a cosmetology-related national technical qualification certificate. Hairdressing licenses are the most earned by the respondents. When asked how many licenses they have obtained, ‘2-3’ had the greatest response. In terms of a channel to recognize cosmetology-related private certificates, ‘the Internet’ was the highest, followed by ‘private institute’. In terms of the length of time they have had to obtain such a certificate, ‘6 months–less than 1 year’ was most responded. When asked why they have obtained such license(s), ‘interest, aptitude’ was the highest. When this question was analyzed by age, ‘bright outlook’ was the response in the groups ‘age 40-59’ and ‘age 50-59’. When asked by academic major and occupation, ‘bright prospect’ was observed in aesthetician and those who majored in skincare in college. Regarding certificates with high practicality, the ‘hairdressing license’ was the highest, but there were differences by academic major and occupation. It has found that those who majored in hairdressing in college and hairstylists used hairdressing-related private certificates the most. For those who majored in skincare and aesthetician, skin-related private certificates were most common. For those who majored in nail care and nail art, nail-related private certificates were the most used. For those who majored in makeup and makeup artists, lastly, makeup-related private certificates were most commonly used. The acquired cosmetology-related private certificates have been directly used in practice. Second, in terms of the perception of cosmetology-related private certificates, ‘I think the acquisition of cosmetology-related private certificates is helpful to my career development (M=3.81)’ was the highest. However, ‘I believe that there should be changes in cosmetology-related private license tests (M=3.64)’ was more responded than ‘I think the cosmetology-related private certificate acquisition process is well-organized (M=3.35)’, which means that the respondents were aware that there should be changes in cosmetology-related private certificates. In terms of changes in perception of cosmetology -related licenses by acquisition patterns, there was a statistically significant difference by the length of time taken for getting the certificates. When they were acquired at a private institute, vocational school, cosmetology high school, junior college or university, the perception of such cosmetology-related private certificates was relatively high, compared to the cases in which they were obtained at a welfare or cultural center. In addition, the perception of such cosmetology-related private certificates was higher when it took more than three months to get them than when less than three months were taken. Third, according to the utilization of cosmetology-related private certificate, ‘cosmetology-related private licenses were helpful in getting a job and starting a business (M=3.79)’ was the highest. Such licenses revealed great usages such as job selection, usage at work and improvement of job competency. In terms of changes in the use of cosmetology-related private certificates by acquisition patterns, there was a statistically significant difference by the acquisition of such licenses (Y/N) and length of time taken to get them. In addition, such licenses were more useful when they were obtained. When they were acquired at a private institute, vocational school, cosmetology high school, junior college or university, such cosmetology-related private certificates were more useful, compared to the cases in which they were obtained at a welfare or cultural center. In addition, such cosmetology -related private certificates were more useful when it took more than three months to get them than when less than three months were taken. The above results confirm that most beauty salon employees have a positive view of the perception and use of cosmetology-related private certificates but that they believe that there should be changes in cosmetology-related private license tests. Therefore, it is time to give systematic administrative guidance and establish a well-designed program according to rapidly changing cosmetology industry trends to handle problems in the current test system, which has been actively managed by a private association. 본 연구는 미용종사자를 대상으로 민간자격증에 대한 취득실태를 분석하고 미용관련 민간자격증의 인식과 활용도를 알아보는데 연구의 목적이 있다. 향후 미용관련 자격증 개발에 기초자료를 제시하는데 연구의 의의가 있다. 연구내용 및 방법에서는 이론적 연구를 위해 자격제도와 미용관련 자격제도에 관한 선행 연구를 중심으로 문헌고찰을 하였고, 실증적 연구에서는 서울, 경기 지역의 미용업 종사자 성인남녀를 대상으로 조사연구를 진행하였다. 연구기간은 2019년 4월 9일 부터 4월 16일까지 편의표집방법을 통해 총 350부의 설문지가 배포되었고 유효표본 300부를 최종 분석 자료로 사용하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 미용관련 민간자격증 취득실태를 살펴본 결과, 조사대상자들은 미용관련 국가기술자격증을 95% 이상 취득했으며, 현재 가장 많이 취득한 미용관련 민간자격증의 종류는 헤어관련 자격증이었고, 취득한 개수는 2-3개가 가장 높게 나타났다. 미용관련 민간자격증에 대한 인지경로는 인터넷으로, 미용학원을 통해 가장 많이 취득한 것으로 나타났다. 자격증취득까지의 기간은 6개월~1년 미만이 걸리는 것으로 조사되었다. 취득목적은 대체적으로 '흥미와 적성에 맞아서'를 선택했지만 연령에 따라서는 40세~59세와 50-59세의 경우 '전망이 밝아 보여서' 취득한 것으로 나타났으며, 전공과 직업에 따라서는 피부전공자와 피부관리사의 경우 '전망이 밝아보여서' 미용관련 민간자격증을 취득한 것으로 나타났다. 실무현장 활용도가 높은 자격증은 전체적으로는 헤어가 가장 높게 나타났지만 자신의 전공과 직업에 따라 차이를 보였다. 헤어전공 및 헤어스타일리스트는 헤어관련 민간자격증을, 피부전공 및 피부관리사는 피부관련 민간자격증을, 네일전공 및 네일아티스트는 네일관련 민간자격증을 메이크업전공 및 메이크업아티스트는 메이크업 관련 민간자격증을 현장에서 가장 많이 활용하는 것으로 나타났으며 취득한 미용관련 민간 자격증은 실무현장에서 직접적으로 활용되는 것으로 사료된다. 둘째, 미용관련 민간자격증 인식에 대해 살펴본 결과,‘미용관련 민간자격증 취득이 경력개발에 도움이 된다고 생각한다’(M=3.81)가 가장 높게 나타났다. 그러나 ‘미용관련 민간자격증 시험에 변화를 주어야 한다고 생각한다’(M=3.64)에 비해 ‘미용관련 민간자격증 취득과정이 체계적이라고 생각한다’(M=3.35)로 낮게 나타나 미용관련 민간자격증에 변화가 필요함을 인식하고 있었다. 미용관련 자격증 취득 실태에 따른 인식 차이는 취득기간과 취득기간에 따라 유의미한 차이가 나타났으며 미용 학원, 직업 전문학교, 미용 고등학교, 전문대 및 대학교에서 취득한 경우 복지관 및 문화 센터에서 취득한 경우에 비해 상대적으로 미용관련 민간자격자격증 인식이 높은 것으로 나타났고, 자격증 취득 기간이 3개월 이상 소요된 경우 3개월 미만 소요된 경우에 비해 미용관련 민간자격자격증 인식이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 미용관련 민간자격증 활용도에 대해 살펴본 결과,‘미용관련 민간자격증이 해당분야 취업 및 창업에 도움이 되었다’(M=3.79)가 가장 높게 나타났으며 직업선택의 도움, 업무현장 활용도, 직무능력향상 등 높은 활용도를 보였다. 미용관련 자격증 취득 실태에 따른 미용관련 민간자격증의 활용도 차이는 국가기술자격증 취득유무, 취득기간, 취득기간에 따라 유의미한 차이가 나타났다. 미용관련 국가기술자격증을 보유한 경우 보유하지 않은 경우에 보다 미용관련 민간자격자격증 활용도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 미용 학원, 직업 전문학교, 미용 고등학교, 전문대 및 대학교에서 취득한 경우 복지관 및 문화 센터에서 취득한 경우 보다 미용관련 민간자격자격증 활용도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 취득 기간이 3개월 이상 소요된 경우 3개월 미만 소요된 경우에 보다 미용관련 민간자격자격증 활용도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 상기 내용을 통해 미용업종사자의 미용관련 민간자격증에 대한 인식과 활용도는 대체적으로 긍정적인 인식을 갖고 있었으나 미용관련 민간자격증 시험에 대해선 변화가 필요하다고 인식하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 민간협회에서 관리 및 운영되고 있는 검정제도의 문제점을 보다 능동적으로 개선토록 하고 빠르게 변화되고 있는 미용산업에 맞게 프로그램마련할 수 있는 체계적인 행정지도가 필요한 시점이다.

뷰티분야 국가자격증 취득 양상에 따른 활용도 및 기대 만족도 연구

이우주 건국대학교 산업대학원 2025 국내석사

A Study on the Utilization and Expected Satisfaction of National Beauty Certification Acquisition Patterns Lee, Woo Joo Department of Image Industry Graduate School of Engineering Konkuk University This study aims to evaluate the role of national certifications in the beauty industry, provide foundational data to enhance the effectiveness of certification systems, and explore strategies to strengthen job relevance and improve educational programs. To achieve these objectives, the study analyzed the acquisition patterns, utilization, and post-acquisition satisfaction levels of beauty-related national certifications, as well as the differences and relationships between current certification holders and prospective candidates. The research was conducted through a survey targeting a total of 544 individuals who either hold or plan to obtain beauty-related certifications, from September 5 to October 17, 2024. Data were analyzed using SPSS WIN 27.0 software through χ² (Chi-square) tests, frequency analysis, t-tests, and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). An analysis of the demographic characteristics revealed that female respondents dominated the sample, with the primary age groups being teenagers and those in their 20s. Most respondents were unmarried, and students constituted the largest proportion, indicating that beauty-related national certifications are predominantly pursued by younger individuals. Holders of single certifications primarily acquired makeup-related certifications, with information obtained mainly through online searches. Most certifications were chosen during high school based on interest and aptitude. Single certification holders often relied on beauty academies for preparation, requiring an average of six months to one year for acquisition, with costs primarily ranging between 2 and 3 million KRW. In contrast, holders of multiple certifications showed higher levels of utilization and satisfaction compared to single certification holders. This was particularly evident among teenagers and high school graduates, demonstrating that multiple certifications positively impact career development and job expansion. Multiple certification holders utilized their diverse qualifications to achieve professional flexibility and simultaneously handle various roles. Prospective certification candidates planning to acquire multiple certifications expressed higher levels of anticipated satisfaction compared to those planning to obtain single certifications. This trend was especially prominent among individuals in their 20s, as well as those with higher education and income levels, who recognized the advantages of multiple certifications in broadening job opportunities and facilitating career transitions. These findings suggest that multiple certifications are regarded as valuable credentials that provide diverse opportunities within the beauty industry. Self-employed individuals and those in lower-income groups reported higher levels of certification utilization and satisfaction due to the direct impact of certifications on job performance and economic stability. However, for existing certification holders, the number of certifications did not result in significant differences in satisfaction or utilization, with all holders exhibiting consistently high levels of satisfaction. This study highlights that the beauty industry currently maintains high satisfaction levels regardless of the number of certifications, with single certifications still playing a pivotal role due to their strong job relevance. However, the growing expectations for multiple certifications, particularly among individuals in their 20s, indicate a shift toward total beauty services that address consumers' increasingly complex and personalized needs. This shift underscores the need for beauty professionals to integrate diverse skills in areas such as hair, makeup, skincare, and nail art to provide customized services. To adapt to these changes, the national certification system must evolve to strengthen specialized and interdisciplinary competencies suitable for comprehensive service delivery. Developing tailored educational and training programs and implementing policy support to ensure the practical application of certifications in real-world settings are imperative. These advancements will form the foundation for the sustainable development and competitiveness of the beauty industry. By analyzing the relationship between the number of certifications, utilization, and satisfaction, this study provides insights into enhancing the effectiveness of national certifications in the beauty industry and offers foundational data for improving future certification systems and educational programs. 본 연구는 뷰티 산업에서 국가자격증의 역할을 평가하고, 자격제도의 실효성을 높이기 위한 기초 자료를 제공하며, 향후 국가자격증의 직무 연계성 강화 및 교육 프로그램 개선 방안을 모색하는 데 목적을 두었다. 이를 위해 뷰티 관련 국가자격증의 취득 양상과 활용도, 취득 후 기대 만족도를 분석하고, 자격증 취득자와 취득 예정자 간의 차이와 연관성을 살펴보았다. 연구는 2024년 9월 5일부터 10월 17일까지 뷰티 관련 자격증을 보유하거나 취득 예정인 총 544명을 대상으로 설문 조사를 통해 진행되었다. 자료 분석에는 SPSS WIN 27.0 프로그램이 활용되었으며, χ²(Chi-square) 검증, 빈도 분석, t-test, 일원분산분석(One-way ANOVA)을 사용하여 주요 결과를 도출하였다. 연구 대상자의 인구통계학적 특성을 분석한 결과, 여성 응답자가 압도적으로 많았으며, 주요 연령대는 10대와 20대였다. 대부분의 응답자는 미혼으로, 학생이 가장 높은 비율을 차지하였다. 이러한 특성은 뷰티 관련 국가자격증 취득자 및 취득 예정자가 젊은 연령층을 중심으로 형성되고 있음을 보여준다. 단수 자격증 취득자는 주로 메이크업 관련 자격증을 보유하고 있었으며, 이들은 자격증 정보를 주로 포털 검색을 통해 얻은 것으로 나타났다. 자격증 취득 시기는 주로 고등학교 시절로, 흥미와 적성에 기반하여 자격증을 선택한 경우가 많았다. 단수 자격증 취득 과정에서는 미용학원의 도움을 많이 받았으며, 취득에 소요된 시간은 평균 6개월에서 1년 미만, 비용은 200~300만 원대가 가장 많았다. 복수 자격증 취득자는 활용도와 만족도에서 단수 취득자보다 높은 평가를 받았다. 특히 10대와 고등학교 졸업자 그룹에서 활용도와 만족도가 높게 나타났으며, 이는 복수 자격증이 직무 확장과 경력 개발에 긍정적인 영향을 미친다는 것을 보여준다. 복수 자격증 취득자는 다양한 분야의 자격증을 활용하여 직업적 유연성을 확보하고, 여러 직무를 동시에 수행할 수 있는 능력을 갖추게 된다. 취득 예정자를 대상으로 분석한 결과, 복수 자격증 취득 예정자가 단수 자격증 취득 예정자보다 더 높은 기대 만족감을 보였다. 특히 20대, 고학력자, 고소득층에서 복수 자격증 취득에 대한 기대감이 두드러졌는데, 이는 복수 자격증이 직무 선택의 폭을 넓히고, 경력 전환에 유리하다고 인식했기 때문이라는 것을 알 수 있다. 복수 자격증은 취득 예정자들 사이에서 뷰티 산업 내 다양한 직무 기회를 제공하는 중요한 자격으로 자리 잡고 있음을 시사한다. 자영업자와 저소득층 그룹에서는 자격증의 실질적 직무 활용과 경제적 성과로 인해 높은 활용도와 만족도가 나타났다. 이는 자격증이 이들 그룹에서 직무 성과를 높이고, 경제적 안정성을 확보하는 데 기여했음을 의미한다. 반면, 취득자의 경우 자격증 개수에 따른 활용도와 만족감의 차이는 유의미하지 않았으며, 모든 취득자가 전반적으로 높은 만족도를 보였다. 본 연구는 뷰티 산업 내에서 국가자격증의 취득 개수와 활용도, 만족감 간의 관계를 분석하고, 자격증 취득자와 취득 예정자 간의 차이를 살펴보았다. 분석 결과, 현재 뷰티 산업은 자격증 개수와 상관없이 높은 만족도를 유지하고 있으며, 단수 자격증 중심의 전문성이 여전히 중요한 위치를 차지하고 있다. 이는 단수 자격증이 직무와의 연관성이 높아 실질적인 활용 기회를 제공하고 있음을 시사한다. 그러나 복수 자격증 취득 예정자, 특히 20대 연령층에서 복수 자격증에 대한 높은 기대감이 확인되었으며, 이는 뷰티 산업이 소비자의 복합적이고 개인화된 요구를 반영한 토탈 뷰티 서비스로 전환되고 있음을 보여준다. 이러한 변화는 뷰티 전문가가 단일 분야에 국한되지 않고, 헤어, 메이크업, 피부관리, 네일아트 등 다양한 분야의 기술을 융합하여 고객에게 맞춤형 서비스를 제공해야 함을 의미한다. 따라서, 국가자격증 제도는 복합적 서비스 제공에 적합한 전문성과 융합적 역량을 강화하는 방향으로 개선되어야 한다. 이를 위해 맞춤형 교육 및 훈련 프로그램 개발이 필요하며, 자격증이 실제 현장에서 효과적으로 활용될 수 있도록 정책적 지원과 제도 개선이 요구된다. 이러한 변화는 뷰티 산업의 지속 가능한 발전과 경쟁력 제고를 위한 중요한 기반이 될 것이다. 본 연구는 자격증 취득 개수와 활용도, 만족감 간의 관계를 규명함으로써 뷰티 산업 내 국가자격증의 실효성을 높이고, 향후 자격제도와 교육 프로그램 개선에 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

미용사(네일) 국가기술자격증 실기과제 개선 방안에 관한 연구 : 네일 실기과제 활용도 증진방법

황예지 건국대학교 산업대학원 2023 국내석사

In this study, we determined that the practicality of the Beautician (Nail) National Technical Qualification test was not practical in the field, and tried to discuss improvement measures to increase practicality in the field. The aim is to contribute to increasing the practical use of the National Technical Qualification Certificate for Beauticians(Nails) and to support students in acquiring the expertise and ability to actively work as a Beautician in the actual field. In order to achieve the purpose of this research, we surveyed the degree of utilization of practical skills in the field among those eligible for the national license for Beauticians (Nails). Targeting those who are eligible to acquire qualifications, we analyzed the acquisition status of National Technical Qualifications for Beauticians (Nails) and the practical use of Beautician(Nails) practical problems, and analyzed the need to improve practical skills problems and the work satisfaction of beauty professionals. The analysis and summary of the research results are as follows. Firstly, 46.9% of respondents said that they had obtained a national skill certificate for Beauticians(Nails) because they wanted to find a job or start a business, followed by 42.5% that they wanted to improve their expertise. Second, the difficulty level of the written test for the National Skills Certificate of Beautician(Nail) is an average of 3.21 points, and the difficulty level of the practical test is an average of 3.60 points. I found it to be difficult. Thirdly, the need to obtain a national technical qualification for Beauticians(Nails) was high, with an average of 4.26 points, indicating that the need for obtaining a national technical qualification is high for graduate school and above. Fourthly, when asked about the reasons why it is necessary to acquire a national technical license for Beauticians(Nails), the most common reason, at 66.2%, was to improve expertise as a Nail Beautician. And 16.4% answered that it is possible to start a business. Fifth, the difference in utilization of tasks performed by Beauticians(Nails) due to occupational characteristics is as follows: 1 task - wet manicure - nail care, 1 task - wet manicure - red full code, 1 task - wet manicure - French, 1 task - Wet manicure - deep French, 1 task - wet manicure - gradation, 3 tasks - artificial nail - gel one-tone catcher, 4 tasks - artificial nail removal, etc. While 7 tasks are highly practical, 2 tasks - gel manicure - Sun Marble, 2 tasks - gel manicure - marvel fan, 2 tasks - gel manicure - marvel fan, 3 tasks - artificial nails - natural tip weed wrap, 3 tasks - artificial nails - silk extensions, 3 tasks - artificial nails - acrylic French nails Five issues such as catcher were surveyed as having low actual utilization rates, and it seems that the issues with low actual utilization rates must be improved. Sixth, items (multiple response) that can be treated with the skills of the Beautician(Nail) national technical qualification practical task are overall nail care and coloring, which is the highest at 36.9%, followed by artificial Nails (lengthening) (26.4%) followed by hand/foot massage and exfoliation (14.7%). Seventh, the average satisfaction level for nail practical use in practical tasks for the National Nail Technician License is 2.90 points, and the overall degree of technical applicability in the field after obtaining the National License for Beautician(Nail). The average is 2.61 points, which is a little lower than usual, so it is necessary to improve the problems with the actual machine, and it is necessary to combine the practical skills of the problems with the actual machine so that it can be used immediately in the field. Eighth, the subject that should be added to the national qualification practical test is the repair of torn nails, which is the most common overall at 35.4%, followed by problematic nail management (27.0%), shain and flat art (20.8%), was the most common. This is considered to be the most frequently encountered problem while working in the beauty industry, and it seems necessary to listen to the voices of the field when improving the National Qualification Practical Test. Ninth, regarding work satisfaction by occupation and career, working hours, number of days off per month, satisfaction on days off, and satisfaction with work environment were generally slightly higher than normal. As mentioned above, in order to increase the degree of practical utilization in the field, we actively listen to the opinions of nail workers and make it possible to immediately apply the actual machine problems to the field without separate external retraining. It seems that there is a need for improvement measures. Also, in order to meet the eye level of nail consumers, nail professionals will have to learn new techniques and strive to improve their services. Keywords: National Technical Qualification, Beauticians(Nails), practical assignment, Improvement, practical use 이 연구는 미용사(네일)국가기술자격증 실기과제가 현장에서의 실용도가 낮다는 판단을 하여 현장에서 실용성을 높일 수 있도록 개선방안에 대해 논의하고자 하며 이러한 논의를 통해 미용사(네일) 국가기술자격증의 실무 활용도를 높이는 데 기여하고, 실제 현장에서 미용사로서 능동적으로 활동할 수 있는 전문성과 역량을 갖출 수 있도록 지원하는데 목적이 있다. 이 연구 의 목적을 달성하기 위해 미용사(네일) 국가자격증 취득 대상자를 대상으 로 실기과제의 현장 활용도를 조사하여 실기과제의 개선방안을 마련하고자 미용사(네일) 국가기술자격증 취득대상자를 대상으로 미용사(네일) 국가기 술자격증에 대한 취득 실태와 미용사(네일) 실기과제의 현장 활용도 분석 을 통해 실기과제 개선의 필요성, 미용 종사자의 근무만족도를 분석하였 으며 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 미용사(네일) 국가기술자격 증 취득이유에 대해서는 취업 및 창업이 46.9%, 다음으로는 전문성향상이 42.5%로 많았다. 둘째, 미용사(네일) 국가기술자격증의 필기시험의 난이 도는 평균 3.21점이며, 실기시험의 난이도는 평균 3.60점으로 필기시험과 실 기시험 모두 조금 어렵다고 생각하는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 미용사(네 일) 국가기술자격증 취득의 필요성에 대해서는 평균 4.26점으로 필요성이 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 대학원 이상이 국가기술자격증 취득의 필요성이 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 미용사(네일)국가기술자격증의 취득이 필 요한 이유에 대해서는 네일 미용인으로서의 전문성 향상을 위해서가 66.2%로 가장 많았고 다음으로 자격증을 취득해야 취업 및 창업이 가능 해서가 16.4%로 많았다. 다섯째, 직업특성에 따른 미용사(네일) 실시 과 제 활용도 차이는 1과제-습식 매니큐어(네일 케어), 1과제-습식 매니큐어 (레드풀코트), 1과제-습식 매니큐어(프렌치), 1과제-습식 매니큐어(딥프렌치), 1과제-습식 매니큐어(그라데이션), 3과제-인조네일(젤 원톤 스캅춰), 4과제-인조네일 제거 등 위의 7과제는 실제 활용도가 높은 반면에 2과제 -젤 매니큐어(선 마블), 2과제-젤 매니큐어(부채꼴 마블), 3과제-인조네일 (내추럴 팁위드랩), 3과제-인조네일(실크익스텐션), 3과제-인조네일(아크릴 프렌치 스캅춰) 등 위의 5과제는 실제 활용도가 낮은 것으로 조사되어 실제 활용도가 낮은 과제는 개선되어야 할 것으로 보인다. 여섯째, 현장에 서 미용사(네일) 국가기술자격증 실기과제의 기술들로 시술이 가능한 항목 (다중응답)은 전체적으로는 네일 케어 및 컬러링이 36.9%로 가장 많았고, 다음으로 인조 네일(연장)(26.4%), 손/발의 마사지 및 각질제거(14.7%) 순 으로 많았다. 일곱째, 미용사(네일) 국가기술자격증 실기과제의 네일 실 무 현장 활용 만족도는 평균이 2.90점이며, 미용사(네일) 국가자격증 취득 후 현장에서의 기술 적용 가능 정도는 전체적으로는 평균이 2.61점 등 보통보 다 조금 낮으므로 실기과제의 개선이 필요하며 현장에서 곧바로 사용할 수 있도록 실기과제의 실무기술 결합이 필요한 것으로 나타났다. 여덟째, 국 가자격 실기 시험에 추가되어야 할 과목은 전체적으로는 찢어진 손발톱 보 수가 35.4%로 가장 많았고, 다음으로 문제성 손발톱 관리(27.0%), 쉐입 및 평면 아트(20.8%) 순으로 많았다. 이는 미용업에 종사하면서 가장 많이 접해 보는 문제일 것으로 판단되며 국가자격 실기시험 개선 시 현장의 목소리 를 청취할 필요가 있을 것으로 보인다. 아홉째, 직종, 경력에 따른 근무 만족도는 근무시간, 한 달 기준 휴무 일수, 휴무일 만족도, 근무환경 만족 도는 전체적으로 보통보다 조금 높았다. 위와 같이 현장에서의 실무 활용 도를 증진하기 위해서는 네일 실무 종사자들의 의견을 적극 청취하여 별도 의 외부 재교육을 받지 않아도 실기과제가 바로 현장에 적용할 수 있게 개선하는 방안이 필요할 것으로 보인다. 또한 네일 수요자들의 눈높이에 맞추고자 네일 종사자들은 새로운 기술을 익히고 서비스 향상에 매진하여 야 할 것이다. 주제어: 국가기술자격증, 미용사(네일), 실기과제, 개선방안, 실무 활용도