통일 정보통신법제 연구의 필요성 및 향후 과제

김본미 법무부 통일법무과 2011 統一과 法律 Vol.- No.8

As time goes, Information Communication have had a great impact economically, socially and culturally beyond mere tools for communication. Thus, even after unification, the Information Communication can act as an obstacle to the internal integration of South Korea and North Korea. The current Information Communication situation of North Korea, which is significantly turned over compared to South Korea, can isolate North Korea politically, culturally as well as economically and lead to social conflicts. In addition, at the time of post unification, as Information Communication should establish networks for each region, if the project to bridge the gaps between the Information Communication of North Korea and that of South Korea starts at the same time, the cost will put significant burden on the unification costs. It has been proven by the fact that communication integration project of East and West Germany costed 60 billion marks at the time of Germany reunification. Therefore, from now on, the vision for the integration of Information Communication must be prepared through the exchange of Information Communication between South Korea and North Korea. In this process, the legal research of Information Communication is important. Legal research of reunification Information Communication should not only specially show and secure the blueprint of the exchange of Information Communication between South Korea and North Korea but also include the methodology for the legislation integration of Information Communication. Even though the North Korean government enacted related laws like Communication Act, Radio Wave Regulation Act, etc. since 1990s, and made effort to modernize Information Communication, there are even 200 times differences at the level of Information Communication between North Korea and South Korea depending on the service sectors. Communication network connecting North Korea and South Korea has been temporarily opened for the specific projects like Kaesong Industrial Complex and Mount Kumgang tourism, etc. Fortunately, South Korean government has various know-hows to bridge the information gap by supporting developing countries. Thus, there will not be much technical difficulties to set up the plan for integration of communication and execute it. However, the cost plan for bridging the gap of Information Communication between South Korea and North Korea should be set up. Now, even though the Frame Act on Broadcasting Communications Development is enacted to use the broadcasting communication development fund for making an exchange of Information Communication between South Korea and North Korea, if integration process begins in earnest, the size of their funds will not be able to afford it. Therefore, raising fund plan required for integrating Information Communication should be set up in advance and be reflected in the relevant law. In addition, in order not to make the cost obstacle of integration before the reunification, we should make effort to avoid the problems in the process of inter-converting of communication after unification by improving Information Communication infrastructure in the regions of North Korea and preparing a joint technical standard between South Korea and North Korea, etc. Furthermore, the gap of communication appears awareness about Information Communication as well as simply visible infrastructure. Because North Korea usually uses Information Communication mainly as propaganda tools of the regime, the awareness of North Korean people on information ethics and information security can be different from that of South Korean people. Therefore, the legislation of Information Communication must take a role to overcome these differences after the unification and induce information ethics and information security to be kept. In addition, there remains works for studying to make reunification legislation due to the differences in the way of progressing Information Communication business between South Korea and North Korea. The legal research of Information and Communications should be made as soon as possible so that required Information Communication Law should be enacted in the step of the exchange and in the step of the reunification in a timely manner in order to integrate Information Communication between South Korea and North Korea. 날이 갈수록 정보통신은 사람들 간의 단순한 의사소통 도구를 넘어서 경제적,사회적, 문화적으로 막중한 영향을 미치고 있다. 따라서 통일 과정에 있어서도 정보통신은 남북한 내부 통합에 장애물로 작용할 수 있다. 남한에 비해 현저히 뒤떨어진 북한의 정보통신 보급상황이 통일 이후에도 북한 지역을 경제적으로 뿐만 아니라 정치적․문화적으로 소외되게 만들어 사회갈등을 일으킬 수 있기 때문이다. 또한, 통일 이후에 정보통신은 각 지역마다 연결망을 구축해야 하는 것인 만큼 남북한 정보통신 격차를 해소하기 위한 사업을 일시에 진행한다면 막대한 비용이 들게 되어 통일비용에 상당한 부담으로 작용하게 될 것이다. 독일 통일 당시 동서독 통신 통합 사업에 8년간 600억 마르크의 비용이 들었다는 사실이 이를 방증한다. 따라서 지금부터 정보통신의 통합에 대한 비전을 세우고 남북 간의 정보통신 교류 등을 통해 미리 대비하고 있어야 한다. 이 과정에서 정보통신 법제연구가 중요하다. 통일 정보통신 법제연구는 남북 간 정보통신 교류에 대한 청사진을 구체적으로 명시하여 담보하여야 할 뿐 아니라, 통일 이후 남북 간 정보통신법제의 통합에 대한 방법론까지 포함되어야 한다. 북한 정권이 90년대 이래 체신법, 전파관리법 등 관련 법률을 제정하고 정보통신의 현대화를 위해 노력하였음에도 북한의 정보통신 수준은 아직 남한에 비해 서비스 분야에 따라서는 200배까지도 차이가 나고 있다. 남북 간 정보통신망 연결도 개성공단이나 금강산 관광 등 특정 사업을 위해 일시적으로 개통되는 데에 그치고 있다. 다행히도 남한 정부는 그동안 개도국 지원 등을 통해 정보격차 해소를 위한 다양한 노하우를 가지고 있다. 따라서 정보통신 통합 계획을 세우고 이를 실현하는 데에 기술적 어려움은 별로 없을 것이다. 그러나 남북 간의 정보통신 격차 해소를 위한 비용에 대한 계획은 세워져야 한다. 현재 「방송통신발전 기본법」은 방송통신발전 기금을 남북 간 정보통신 교류에 사용할 수 있도록 규정하고 있지만, 본격적인 통합과정이 진행되면 해당 기금의 규모로는 감당할 수 없을 것이다. 따라서 미리 정보통신 통합에 필요한 재원조달계획을 세워 관련 법제에 반영하여야 한다. 또한 비용이 통합의 걸림돌이 되지 않도록 하기 위하여 통일 이전 활발한 남북교류를 통해 북한지역에 정보통신 인프라를 향상시키고 남북 간 공동 기술표준 등을 마련하는 등 통일 이후 통신 호환과정에서 문제가 생기지 않도록 노력하여야 한다. 나아가 통신의 격차는 단순히 눈에 보이는 인프라뿐만 아니라 정보통신에 관한 인식에서도 나타난다. 북한은 정보통신을 주로 정권의 선전도구로 활용하고 있기 때문에 북한지역의 주민들은 정보윤리 및 정보보호에 관한 인식이 남한과는 차이가 날 수 밖에 없다. 따라서 통일 이후 통합 정보통신 법제는 이러한 차이를 극복하고 정보윤리 및 정보보호가 지켜질 수 있도록 유도하는 역할을 하여야 한다. 그 밖에도 남북 간의 정보통신 사업진행 방식에 따른 차이로 인해 통일법제를 만들기 위해 연구해야 할 과제들이 있다. 남북한 정보통신 통합을 위해 필요한 법령이 남북교류 단계 및 통일 단계에서 적기에 마련될 수 있도록 하루 속히 통일 정보통신법제 연구가 이루어져야 한다.

Health communication in South Korea : Past, present, and future

김도균(Do Kyun Kim),김용찬(Yong Chan Kim),이재섭(Jae sub Lee),이지수(Ji soo Lee),백혜진(Hye Jin Paek),소지연(Ji yeon So) 한국헬스커뮤니케이션학회 2016 헬스커뮤니케이션연구 Vol.14 No.-

최근 수년간 한국은 각종 국민보건을 위협하는 질병 및 현상들을 경험하고 있으며, 국민들 또한 질병예방과 국민보건 전반에 대한 관심이 지속적으로 높아지고 있다. 이에, 한국 정부는 국민보건 향상과 질병예방에 대응하는데 필요한 정보, 지식, 프로그램, 효과적인 시스템 등을 어느 때 보다 절실히 요하고 있는 실정이다. 실질적으로, 학계와 많은 단체들이 대중들의 일상생활에 맞춘 국민건강 향상에 필요한 활동들과 프로그램들을 정착 시키는데 노력하고 있다. 이 모든 사회 및 학계에서의 필요성과 노력들에 대응하여, 본 논문은 보다 나은 헬스커뮤니케이션의 미래와 이에 병행되는 국민보건 향상을 위한 중요한 사항들을 논의하고자 한다. As South Korea has experienced several serious public health outbreaks in recent years, public interest in and awareness of disease prevention and public health care has remarkably increased over time. Accordingly, it is demanded that the South Korean government acquires a sufficient level of knowledge, programs, skills, and systems to effectively respond to potential and immediate health threats and promote public health. Based on these needs and tasks, scholars in academia, not-for-profit organizations, health care industries have also made significant efforts to implement health communication into everyday lives of the public by organizing various health communication events and activities. Responding to the social demands and academic interests in health communication, this article points out and discusses some important topics to further develop health communication scholarship and praxis in South Korea.

中韩高等教育交流合作发展问题研究

许 戈,周 鲁 峰,王 琪 인문사회 21 2022 인문사회 21 Vol.13 No.6

中韩高等教育交流合作发展问题研究许 戈*ㆍ周 鲁 峰**ㆍ王 琪*** 研究目的:本研究的主要目的是解决中韩高等教育交流合作发展过程中产生的现实问题。以期为中韩高等教育交流合作的健康发展提供经验借鉴和智力支撑。研究方法:本研究主要采用文献分析法和数据分析法。研究内容:首先,梳理了当前中韩高等教育交流合作发展现状。其次,分析了中韩高等教育交流合作发展过程中在文化互动层面、生源结构层面、方法创新层面的不足及问题。最后,根据当前中韩高等教育交流合作发展过程中的现实问题提出对应的解决对策。结论及建议:综合分析认为,中韩高等教育在交流合作方面存在进一步完善和优化的空间。可通过搭建新平台、探索新模式、构建新体系的路径,加深双方高等教育合作程度,拓宽双方教育文化交流渠道,促进中韩高等教育交流与合作向规模化、规范化及科学化发展。 关键词: 中韩高等教育, 交流合作, 发展现状, 发展问题, 对策建议 □ 接受日: 2022年 10月 19日, 修正日: 2022年 11月 18日, 揭载确定日: 2022年 12月 20日* 第一作者, 重庆邮电大学校 讲师(First Author, Lecturer, ChongQing Posts and Telecommunications Univ., Email: xuge@cqupt.edu.cn)** 共同作者,东亚大学校 2021级 博士研究生(Co-author, Doctoral Course, Dong-A Univ., Email: zhoulufeng2023@163.com)*** 通讯作者, 东亚大学校 2021级 博士研究生(Corresponding Author, Doctoral Course, Dong-A Univ., Email: wangqi77vk@163.com) Research on Communication and Cooperative Development ofHigher Education Between China and South KoreaXu Ge, Zhou Lufeng, & Wang Qi Abstract: The main purpose of this study is to solve the practical problems arising in the development of China-South Korea higher education communication and cooperation. In order to provide experience and intellectual support for the healthy development of China-South Korea higher education communication and cooperation. This study mainly adopts literature analysis and data analysis. First of all, the current situation of China-South Korea higher education communication and cooperation development. Secondly, it analyzes the deficiencies and problems in the development of Sino-Korean higher education communication and cooperation at the level of cultural interaction, student source structure and method innovation. Finally, according to the current China and South Korea higher education communication and cooperation in the development of the actual problems put forward corresponding solutions. The comprehensive analysis shows that there is room for further improvement and optimization in the communication and cooperation of higher education between China and South Korea. By building new platforms, exploring new models and building new systems, we can deepen the degree of cooperation in higher education between the two sides, broaden the channels of educational and cultural communications between the two sides, and promote the large-scale, standardized and scientific development of communications and cooperation in higher education between China and South Korea. Key Words: Higher education of China and South Korea, Communication and Cooperate, Current Situation of the Development, Problems of Development, Countermeasures and Suggestions

Systemic conflict, geo-politics and trade

Bernhard Seliger 한국국제정치학회 2010 한국국제정치학회 학술대회 발표논문집 Vol.2010 No.8

German East-West relations and East-West communication in the time of Cold War from 1945 to 1989 were much denser than inner-Korean relations at the same time. This is even more true when comparing the situation in Germany with that of the two Koreas today. This seemingly surprising fact becomes clear when underlying factors determining communication are studied. This paper identifies three main driving factors of communication between both sides: First, the unresolved Cold War meant that both sides were actively trying to convince the people in the other part of the superiority of their political and economic system. This required a certain degree of openness. In Korea, systemic conflict no longer exists. North Korea is no anti-monde to the South, but a family-owned business trying to survive. Second, the geo-political situation of Germany, in particular the existence of Berlin and the historically dense economic relations between East and West before division made complete isolation difficult. This was much less the case in Korea, a former Japanese colony with a lower degree of internal economic integration and, generally, economic development. Third, trade was a necessity for East Germany to survive, in particular given strong systemic conflict, but is much less of a necessity for North Korea. The underlying reasons for communication also determined communication policy between East and West. Every attempt to improve inter-Korean relations has to start from the fact that the current North Korean regime has no interest in open communication which erodes internal controlling power of the state.

한국의 국가 이미지에 영향을 미치는 커뮤니케이션 채널에 관한 연구 : 중국 대학생을 대상으로

文春英,허진 한국지역언론학회 2018 언론과학연구 Vol.18 No.4

The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of communication channels – Korean cultural contents(Hanliu contents), the news about Korea, the information about Korea from conversation with friends and family, and the information about Korea from SNS – on Korea’s country image and the intention to visit Korea among Chinese college students. The survey methodology was used to collect data for testing four research questions. The survey of 357 college students was conducted in the first week of March, 2018 in Beijing. To verify the research question 1, factor analysis was conducted. The result showed four factors of Korea’s country image - social image, cultural image, political/ diplomatic image and product image. To examine research question 2, 3, and 4, multi-group structural equation modeling(AMOS) was conducted. The result showed that, first, the use of Korean contents is positively associated with cultural image and intentions to visit China. The news about Korea is positively associated with social image and negatively associated with political/diplomatic image and product image. The information about Korea from conversation with friends and family is positively associated with product image and intention to visit Korea. The information about Korea from SNS is negatively related to cultural image and positively related to political/diplomat image. Also, the mediated effect of cultural image and product image were found. The study concluded that various communication channels have different effects on the formation of country image and intention to visit. 국가 이미지는 매우 복잡하고 역동적인 커뮤니케이션 과정의 산물임에도 불구하고, 한국의 국가 이미지에 관한 최근 연구들을 살펴보면, 한류 콘텐츠에만 관심이 집중되는 경향이 있다. 이러한 문제의식을 바탕으로 본 연구는 중국 대학생들의 한국에 대한 국가 이미지 형성에 영향을 미치는 다양한 커뮤니케이션 채널의 기능과 그 과정에서 나타나는 복잡성과 역동성에 대해 살펴보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 2018년 3월 첫째 주에 중국 대학생들을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하고, 이를 통해 얻어진 총 357명의 응답 자료를 가지고 요인분석 및 AMOS를 사용한 구조방정식 모형 분석을 시도하였다. 그 결과, 중국의 매스미디어를 통해 전파되는 한류 콘텐츠는 한국의 문화 이미지와 한국 방문의향에 긍정적 영향을 미치는 강력한 요인이라는 사실이 다시 한 번 검증되었다. 하지만 본 연구에서는 한류 콘텐츠 이외에 중국 언론의 한국 관련 뉴스, 가족이나 친구들과의 직접적인 대화, 그리고 SNS를 통해 얻는 한국 관련 정보도 한국의 국가 이미지를 구성하는 여러 차원들에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났고, 문화 차원의 이미지 외에 다른 차원의 이미지들도 한국 방문의향에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 국가 이미지 제고나 외국인 관광객 유치를 위해서는 한류 콘텐츠뿐만 아니라, 다른 커뮤니케이션 채널들에 대해서도 세심한 관심을 기울일 필요가 있다고 판단된다.

A Study on Communication Networks Demand Forecasting in Potential Demand Areas of North-Korea

Hyung Jin Kim(김형진) 국제e-비즈니스학회 2015 e-비즈니스 연구 Vol.16 No.5

Communication networks in North Korea are inferior as compared to those in South Korea. The demand is limited to special purpose including munitions industry and communication network is not regarded as infrastructure for national economy, yet. Accordingly, people who use communication devices in Korea seem to belong to the upper class and North Korean communication network comes under control of its military and communist party. Therefore, in order to modernize North Korean communication networks, it needs functional and technical approach . In particular, the study aims to make suggestions to prepare for opening up future market by selecting one of main cities in North Korea including Gaesung, Rason, Kumgangsan and Sinuiju, future bases of collaboration and communication unification as potential demand area and estimating potential demands through evaluation on new demand area. And the study includes the issue on how to build IT and communication infrastructures in potential demand area, as well.

A Study on Communication Networks Demand Forecasting in Potential Demand Areas of North-Korea

김형진 국제e-비즈니스학회 2015 e-비즈니스 연구 Vol.16 No.5

Communication networks in North Korea are inferior as compared to those in South Korea. The demand is limited to special purpose including munitions industry and communication network is not regarded as infrastructure for national economy, yet. Accordingly, people who use communication devices in Korea seem to belong to the upper class and North Korean communication network comes under control of its military and communist party. Therefore, in order to modernize North Korean communication networks, it needs functional and technical approach . In particular, the study aims to make suggestions to prepare for opening up future market by selecting one of main cities in North Korea including Gaesung, Rason, Kumgangsan and Sinuiju, future bases of collaboration and  communication unification as potential demand area and estimating potential demands through evaluation on new demand area. And the study  includes the issue on how to build IT and communication infrastructures in potential demand area, as well.

국가보안법 위반사건 대남통신 분석연구 -언론 보도 사례를 토대로-

김대연,정해천 북한연구소 2026 북한학보 Vol.51 No.1

북한은 해방 직후 성시백을 활용한 북로당공작위원회 활동을 시작하여 남한 사회주의 혁명을 위한 지하당 구축사업(대남공작)을 80여년간 진행해왔다. 그간 한국 수사기관이 검거한 관련자들에 대해 법원의 재판이 진행되면서 그 구체적 내용들이 밝혀져왔다. 동서고금을 막론하고 각국은 ‘타국 활동 정보요원과의 비밀연락’에 대해 최고 수준의 비밀로 유지해왔다. 북한 대남기관들은 ‘지하요원에 지령하달→대북보고’순으로 고도의 대남 비밀연락 통신을 해왔다. 한국 당국은 이를 대남공작통신(간첩통신)으로 부른다. 북한은 2023년 11월 군사정찰위성 「만리경 1호」를 발사했고,2025년 9월 「정찰총국」을 「정찰정보총국」으로 확대하였다고 한다. 이에 따라 대남통신 활동에 새로운 전기를 마련했을 것으로 추정된다. 이 연구는 A-3방송과 함께 1950~70년대 모르스 전신, 1980년대 판건식 무전, 1990년대 단파·초단파 메모리식 무전, 2000년대 이후 사이버 통신 등 2023년까지 적발된「국가보안법」위반 사건에서 확인된 대남통신 내용을 분석함으로써, 적발되지 않거나 새로 도입할 통신방식을 추론하기 위한 교훈점을 얻는데 그 목적이있다. 김정은 시대 대남기관들은 2021년~2023년 민노총 간첩단 등 5대 지하조직이 한국 수사기관에 의해 적발된 이후 집중 검열과 비밀 총화를 거쳐 재정비되었다는 풍문이 확산되어 있는 데, 새 간첩통신 기법도 정립했을 것으로 추론된다. Since the immediate post-liberation period, North Korea has conducted clandestine operations for over eight decades to establish underground revolutionary organizations in South Korea. While these activities have remained highly covert, portions of their operational details-particularly espionage communication methods-have been revealed through judicial proceedings under South Korea’s National Security Act. Historically, secret communication with foreign intelligence services has constituted the core of clandestine operations, and North Korean agencies have developed sophisticated systems structured around the transmission of instructions to underground agents and the reporting of results back to the North. This study examines espionage communication methods identified in major espionage cases up to 2023, including A-3 radio broadcasts and Morse-based communications in the 1960s-1970s, high-speed burst transmissions in the 1980s, shortwave and VHF memory-based systems in the 1990s, and cyber-based communications since the 2000s. By analyzing these cases, the study seeks to derive operational patterns and infer the existence of undetected or emerging communication modalities. In light of the launch of the military reconnaissance satellite Malligyong-1 in 2023 and the reported reorganization of North Korea’s intelligence apparatus in 2025, as well as the exposure of multiple underground organizations between 2021 and 2023, this paper argues that North Korea has likely entered a new phase of espionage communication development.

The New Korean Wave: Lessons for China’s International Cultural Communication in the New Media Era

Zhang, Yan 부산대학교 중국연구소 2023 Journal of China Studies Vol.26 No.4

International communication is important for nation-states to carry out public diplomacy to promote their soft power. It also contributes to resolving global conflict and promoting mutual understanding among nations. Technological changes and the vigorous development of new media have promoted the digitalization of communication content and online activity which has completely changed international interaction. The People's Republic of China has been committed to improving its international communication capacity. However, China's international communication ability has yet to improve to the level of its comprehensive national strength and international status. The content disseminated by Chinese media into international cultural communication lacks attractiveness and does not fit well with the expectations of overseas audiences. Therefore, to break through the dilemma of China’s international communication, it is necessary to learn from the experiences and lessons of international communication from other countries, especially non-Western countries. Over the past 20 years, South Korean cultural products have swept the world, from dramas to movies to music. Especially with the rapid development of new media via the Internet, international communication of South Korea has created the New Korean Wave (Hallyu 2.0) which is seen as a strong contra-flow in the face of Western international communication powerhouses. This article explores and analyzes the four elements of "Who", "Says What", "To Whom", and "With What Effect" in the process of spreading the New Korean Wave, based on Lasswell's communication model. Then, this article continues by comparing and discussing these four elements with the current situation of China's international cultural communication in the new media era. Conclusions are drawn that show that China’s international cultural communication in the new media era should give private companies more room and autonomy for their own development; the content should pursue the greatest degree of resonance and create a sense of legend among viewers, the primary communication should be to foreign audiences who have cultural proximity with China; the process of conducting China’s International cultural communication should prevent and minimize the negative effects and engage in the two-way equal communication. While it is absorbing the useful experience of other countries, especially non-western countries, China should combine its own reality and use advanced technology to explore a unique path of international cultural communication with Chinese characteristics.

중국 근대 매체와 번역(飜譯) ―≪시무보(時務報)≫의 조선(朝鮮)관련 기사를 중심으로―

문정진 고려대학교 중국학연구소 2012 中國學論叢 Vol.35 No.-

The early 20th century began to spread rapidly along with typography, Shanghai has been the center of modern media. In addition, Shanghai was the hub of the reform movement of 1898 emerged as a major political issue. Laying on one of the most influential media is Shiwubao. This study explores the translation source of Korea-related articles, and analyzes these reconstructed knowledges about Korea. Shiwubao, as media, emphasizes communication with the world. Thus Shiwubao raises the importance of a wide range of translation, Korea-related articles are contained in the world`s knowledge collected in many ways. However, most of them have focused on communication with media of empires, such as English newspapers and Japanese newspapers. So, this study could not find translated knowledges about Korea in Korean newspapers based on Korea`s language, and having only the full knowledge of Korea in the articles was an extremely rare case. In contrast, in most articles related to Korea, Korea took place in between great powers, especially Russian or Japanese. Since the mid-19th century, Korea was imaged as a country that was ``closed`` and did not want to trade with foreigns. So, Korea was reconfigured as a hopeless organization. Shiwubao seeked communication with the world, but the pathway to Korea was blocked. The information about Korea that was shown by English newspapers and Japanese newspapers reconstituted the image of Korea. Translated articles about Korea in Shiwubao was not only introducing Korea, it might had the desire to be a strong nation in the relationships of the world.