환경부문 온실가스 배출계수 개발 및 검증지침에 대한 연구

정주영 翰林大學校 2008 국내석사

The purpose of this research is to suggest a reliable guideline for verification of greenhouse gas(GHG) emission factor in Environmental parts and to make it possible to use as basic conformity in checklist. For achieving the research objective, analysis Environment sector's emission factor estimation method of 2006 IPCC Guidelines and Annex I country's National Inventory Report have been performed. Estimation method of emission factor for waste landfill, incineration and wastewater treatment could be classified into two cases. First, direct measurement to estimate greenhouse gas emission. Second, decision of key parameters for estimate emission factor. Therefore verification and evaluation of emission factor also could be separated into direct measurement method and key parameters estimation method. The important thing for verification and evaluation of emission factor is setting up the range of verification and evaluation level. In the long term, verification and evaluation of detail items should be performed and this could be done by practices and process of trial and error. This study is an early stage study of verification and evaluation of emission factors, and need to be revised through continuous study. It makes it possible to be upgrade rely on emission factor to estimate greenhouse gas emission.

시 환경기초시설 수질관리현황 및 개선방안 연구

권순옥 경상대학교 2006 국내석사

In order to preserve coastal water quality through stable and effective management of the environmental facilities in Sacheon city, it is necessary to investigate the present water quality of environmental facilities, such as sewage treatment plants, wastewater treatment plants, night soil treatment plants, and leachate treatment plants. In addition, this study proposes a method to improve the management of water quality in environmental facilities based on the extracted problem. From the results of the investigation of environmental facilities, the removal rates of BOD, COD, SS, T-N, and T-P in the sewage treatment plant in Samcheonpo and Sacheon were 94-95%, 78-80%, 94-96%, 52-54%, and 47-58%, respectively. In addition, the removal rates of BOD, COD, and SS, depending on the wastewater treatment plant, had very high removal rates of 96-99%, 84-97%, and 89-99%, respectively. However, the removal rate of T-N and T-P in the wastewater treatment plant operated in the Jinsa-1 local industrial park showed slightly lower rates of 32% and 68%, respectively. The removal rates of BOD, COD, SS, T-N, and T-P in the night soil treatment plant operated in Sacheon had very high rates compared to Samcheonpo. The removal rates of BOD, COD, SS, T-N, and T-P in the leachate treatment plant operated in the Sadeung waste landfill were 77%, 48%, 60%, 10%, and 99%, respectively. According to the results from the investigation of water quality in each environmental facility, improvements were proposed in order to solve the problems of each environmental facility. The results were be summarized as follows: Solutions and improvements for the environmental facility operated in Sacheon city recommend the Samcheonpo sewage treatment plant install an advanced treatment plant by analyzing water quality information according to the facility because a number of facilities have been treated using other facilities. In addition, it is necessary to examine the causes for the increase in salinity concentration of sewage and establish a method to reduce such concentration. A sewage intercepting section will be expanded in the near future in the Sacheon sewage treatment plant in order to increase sewage diffusion. In addition, the optimum use of a wastewater pumping station in order to maintain the homogenization of sewage concentrations taking into account the characteristics of sewage generation should be considered. Furthermore, a working group on a day off is necessary to manage the treatment process including a sludge dewatering process for the rest day in order to perform effective sewage treatment. It is necessary to impose the equal cost of maintenance for the wastewater treatment plants operated in the Jinsa-1 local industrial park, Sanam agro-industrial park, and Songpo agro-industrial park according to the rule of amount borne by a causer. In addition, the cost of facility improvements should be processed by occupant taking into consideration the recent regulation where a causer has to share the cost of improvements. Moreover, it is necessary to propose a method to solve future problems in a facility that must abide by effluent limitation guidelines and improve operation systems in related departments. Because the Samcheonpo night soil treatment plant had a low removal rate, the Samcheonpo sewage treatment plant and advanced treatment plant that are under planning must install a biological treatment plant taking into consideration the inflow load of organic matter, nitrogen, and phosphorus. In addition, the Sacheon night soil treatment plant should install a sludge treatment plant. The leachate treatment system in the Sadeung waste landfill re-evaluates a system that effectively processes contaminated matter by reexamining a future processing procedure for leachate and increased concentration. Because a food waste treatment plant depends highly on the Samcheonpo sewage treatment plant, the facility should be supplemented with emergency operations in the case of an abnormal operation. In addition, it is necessary in the future to reclaim resources, such as methane gas. This study investigated the present water quality of the environmental facility operated in Sacheon city in order to safeguard clean and green coastal water quality located in the center of the Hallyue Marine National Park and proposed improvements by introducing problems existing in each facility. It is believed that the most important step to carry out improvements is for administrative departments to analyze the problems in each facility systematically and promote a specialty in the practical work.

한국산 무당개구리 (Bombina orientalis) 개체군의 뼈나이결정법(Skeletochronology)을 이용한 지역별(서울, 강원, 경북) 연령구조와 신체 특징 비교 연구

도지선 서울여자대학교 일반대학원 2022 국내석사

본 연구는 국내 세지역(서울 불암산, 강원도 인제, 경북 청송)에서 서식하고 있는 무당개구리 개체군을 대상으로 지역별/성별 연령구조를 비교하였고, 개체군의 연령별 크기 및 무게에 대한 특징을 파악하여, 각각 생장 속도를 확인하였다. 또한, 환경요인(온도, 강수량, 습도)이 무당개구리 개체군의 크기와 무게에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 본 연구를 수행하였다. 세 지역에서 무당개구리가 주로 발견되는 지역(웅덩이, 수로, 및 계곡부)에서 선조사법(line census)와 정점조사법(point census)를 병행하여 조사하였다. 주간조사시 육안으로 관찰된 개체들을 직접포획방법 및 뜰채를 이용하였고, 야간조사시에는 청음을 이용한 간접적인 방법을 사용하여 포획하였다. 포획된 무당개구리의 모든 개체는 버니어캘리퍼스를 이용하여 주둥이부터 총배설강까지의 길이(Snout-vent length: SVL)와 전자저울을 이용하여 무게(Body weight: BW)를 측정하였다. 무당개구리의 연령 구조를 파악하기 위해, 앞 발가락과 뒷 발가락의 세 번째 지골을 의료용 가위를 이용하여 잘라서, 뼈나이결정법(Skeletochoronology)을 이용하여 해당 개체의 연령을 파악하였다. 또한 각 조사지점과 가장 가까운 곳에 위치한 기상청의 AWS(Automatic Weather System)와 ASOS(Automated Synoptic Observing System) 데이터를 이용하여 평균 온도, 강수량, 습도 등 지역별 환경요인 데이터를 수집하였다. 수집된 데이터는 확인된 연령을 바탕으로 활동기와 연도별 평균을 산출하여 각 개체의 크기와 무게에 대한 상관성 분석을 하였다. 또한 무당개구리 개체군의 성장률의 상관관계를 파악하고자 연령과 각 개체의 월 평균 성장 길이값을 도출하여 각 지역별로 성장곡선을 도식화하였다. 통계분석에는 독립표본 t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, ANOVA 분석 및 선형회귀분석이 이용되었다. 모든 분석은 α=0.05 유의 수준에서 95%의 신뢰도를 기준으로 통계적 유의성을 확인하였다. 무당개구리는 각 지역별로 서울(암컷 16개체, 수컷 11개체), 강원(암컷 15개체, 수컷 36개체), 경북(암컷 17개체, 수컷 20개체)이 채집되었다. 암수 평균연령과 크기 및 무게를 비교한 결과, 암수는 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 각 지역간 평균 연령, 크기, 무게를 비교한 결과, 평균연령, 크기, 무게 모두 강원지역이 가장 높은 것으로 확인되었다. 연령과 개체 크기 및 무게 간의 상관성 분석결과, 모두 통계적으로 유의하였으며, 연령이 높아질수록 크기가 커지고 무거워지는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 각 환경요인과 크기 및 무게 비교 결과, 크기는 활동기의 평균습도, 연도별 평균 온도, 강수량, 습도에서 유의한 상관관계를 보였으며, 무게는 활동기의 평균습도, 연도별 평균 온도, 습도에서 유의한 상관관계를 나타냈다. 연령과 개체 포집일자를 활용하여 무당개구리의 월별 성장길이를 도출하였으며, 월별 성장길이는 1살이 5.08 ± 0.50 (㎜)로 가장 컸으며, 점차 연령이 증가함에 따라 성장속도가 감소하여 수렴하는 지수 형태를 나타냈다. 연령구조 파악을 통해 개체군 생활사의 가장 기초적인 부분이라고 할 수 있는 성장률, 수명 등에 대해 파악할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 또한 국내에 서식하고 있는 세 지역의 무당개구리 개체군 연령 및 개체크기 비교에 관한 연구를 통해 무당개구리의 기초적인 생활사를 이해하고 지역적 차이를 이해하여 추후 양서류의 생태복원을 위한 기초 연구에 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

환경부분 온실가스 배출량 산정지침에 관한 연구

宋鍾錫 翰林大學校 大學院 2008 국내석사

The purpose of this research is to suggest a reliable guideline for estimating of Green house gas (GHG) emission in Environmental parts and to make it possible to use as basic data in GHG estimating system. IPCC DM and MELF which are classified by the national circumstances acquiring the data possibility were used in Landfill part. The IPCC DM was carried out based on the assumption that dumping and GHG emission occurred simultaneously. However, IPCC DM cannot be described suitably CH_(4) emission because, in fact, the GHG contineously emitted from landfill site although dumping is completed. On the contrary, it is shown that the continuous CH_(4) emission phenamena can be simulated and calculated the amounts of CH_(4) emission by MELF model. Wastewater part guideline for estimating GHG was developed through IPCC G/L. In order to be more accurate, it is recommanded to consider how to decide exactly main variables in guideline. Incineration part guideline for estimating GHG was developed through IPCC G/L. In order to calculate the emission of GHG more accurate in this part, it should be decide the emission factors by using reliable data in waste incineration site. The greenhouse gas guideline for estimation and registration system in environment part is developing based on guidelines presented by this research. By using the estimation and registration system, it makes it possible to be useful to CDM business and emission trading .

대기오염측정망 원격관리시스템 구축에 관한 연구

서광엽 조선대학교 대학원 2009 국내박사

Caused by air quality sampling pump networks, results of the studies on solutions of noise and improvement of the work environment, answers in advance for implementing a remote management system , air pollution and air quality monitoring networks time of the inspection and measurement of data reliability and effective management measures for study how to manage are the following. By attaching Large by pass In-Line Filter in the PM analyzer(R&P, TEOM 1400AB) which is ordinarily thrown away when used for 6 months to one year to sampling extracting pumps and recycling it, the degree of noise has been reduced by 16.6dB(A). In result, suggestion of fundamental solutions of noise and improvement of work environment have been made. Furthermore, with the recycle of used materials, the budget could be reduced. With gas ventilator idea production establishments of the used gas which is measured in the measurement machinery and tools and then is thrown away, it contributed to PVC(Polyvinyl chloride) material erosion shields which are caused by with ozone where comes out from the workplace improvement and the dioxide nitrogen measurement machinery and tools. And a devide has been developed in order to check the capability of the pumps with outlet tubes. The Teflon tube and stainless steel pipe used for connection tube between mixture standard gas tank and correction equipment and stainless steel pipe have been tested for 6 months. As a result there was no leakage in the stainless steel pipe compared to the Teflon tube. This stainless steel pipe was used as mixture standard gas tank. So it could avoid leakage of mixture standard gas pipe. Also it reduced disturbance time period of mixture standard gas tank by shortening the length of the pipe. For the prevention from wrong function of the system which is caused by software related problems but not by hardware related problems of data logger and the minimization of a measurement data discontinuation or being washed away, data logger reset module have been developed for the environment of 100% remote connection and control. By employing 2-way solenoid valve, it is connected to the condensate issue of compressed air and remotely controlled. The compressed air supply which contains condensate exhaust function that makes condensate water automatically discharged has been developed. Therefore, it has made it possible to create an air pollution measurement network remote system construction environment. In addition, by making the air compressor outlet connected with the 2-way solenoid valve system double, connecting 3-way solenoid valve and having assisting characteristic gas in THC analyzer, the condensate water exhaust device has been developed in order for condensate water not to flow into the meter. Constructing a remote management system will be able to control both the measuring range of the analyzer and the power of ventilator, which brought work place environment improvement, prevention of the loss of analyzer and finally made it possible to reduce budget. With the construction of a remote measuring instrument monitoring system, and by monitoring measurement interior environment, the efficiency of analyzer, condition of the analyzer, diagnosis of the broken and its measures and the state of measurement meters at all times, the efficiency and the condition of analyzer are checked without any business trips. After the efficiency and condition of the analyzer and tools are checked, the reliability of measurement data and capability of measurement meter are available by having repair measurement in advance and timely changing the expendable and the degradation materials. With the Constructed remote reform systems, zero/span drift problems cause by their long time uses are solved by checking zero and span at all times. This has improved the accuracy and a reliability of measurement data. With remote management system implementation, the case of Gwangju city , it could bring decrease for business trip time for inspection. Generally, it used to take over 30 hours, 4 times a week for inspection. However, it reduced it into once a week and only 4 hours. It also reduced \47,000,000 to \58,000,000 Won every year. Furthermore, if they are installed in 262 measurement path in 16 cities nationwide, it could be reduced \982,000,000 Won or more annually.

국내 생물종을 이용한 스티렌의 환경위해성 평가

김형민 경상대학교 융합과학기술대학원 2019 국내석사

Styrene is one of national priority hazard substance that needs to be controlled. There is Risk Assessment Report (RAR) for styrene in the European Union and risk assessment in Korea was also performed according to the project of “Study on Establishment of Risk Assessment Framework for chemical management” by National Institute of Environmental Research. Generally, predicted environmental concentration (PEC) and predicted no effected concentration (PNEC) are required for the risk assessment and hazard quotient (HQ) is calculated using those values. PEC is obtained from measuring actual concentration or estimated concentration using model program and PNEC is determined from toxicity values. According to the existing risk assessment report of styrene, PEC was calculated using emission data and the toxicity data of international standard species of review papers (or estimation value) was used for PNEC. In order to evaluate the risk to the domestic environment, it was considered more accurate to use the toxicity value of Korean (native) species. Therefore, in this study, toxicity tests and ecological risk assessment were conducted using Korean (native) species. The hazard effect of styrene in freshwater system was evaluated using Aphyocypris chinensis and Moina macrocopa and Eisenia fetida, Avena sativa, Daucus carota, Brassica campestris var. chinensis were used for soil system effect. PEC was calculated by SimpleBox Korea recommended by K-REACH using emission amount of syrene in Korea. From this study, there was no risk because the HQ was not exceeding 1 for Korean ecosystem (freshwater, soil and sediment) nationally. However, in two industry sites where water emission amounts were reported, risk of water and sediment was concerned because HQ was over than 1. This results are expected to be used for additional risk assessment for the domestic environment and it will be necessary to evaluate of various Korean native species for risk assessment to minimize sensitivity and uncertainty.

Introduction of Smart Mosquito Monitoring System in South Korea

나수미 서울여자대학교 일반대학원 2019 국내석사

본 연구는 모기 개체수 예측 산식을 도출하여 한국의 모기 발생 정도를 예측하고자 하였다. 연구지역으로는 서울시를 선택하였다. 예측산식 도출을 위해 2015년부터 2017년까지의 모기 개체수 데이터와 환경요인 데이터를 수집하였으며, 모기데이터 수집은 스마트 모기 포집기기인 DMS(Digital mosquito monitoring system)데이터를 이용하였으며 서울시는 2015년도부터 각 구에 DMS를 2대씩 설치하여 총 DMS 50대를 가동 중이다. 환경요인 데이터 수집은 DMS와 가깝게 위치한 기상청의 AWS(Automatic Weather System) 데이터를 이용하였다. 획득한 데이터로 각 지역별 모기 개체수 모니터링, 환경요인 모니터링, 모기발생 예측산식을 도출하였다. 분석에는 STATISTICA 7과 SPSS가 사용되었다. 서울시의 경우 모기 모니터링을 통해 모기 개체수의 서식지 유형을 세 가지로 나눠서, 수변부, 주거지 지역, 공원지역으로 나누어 모기 예측산식을 산출하였다. 일별 모기 평균 개체수 분석결과 하루 평균 모기 개체수는 73.03 ± 0.98인 것으로 나타났다. 월별 모기 개체수 분석결과 6월에 급증하며 7월에 가장 많이 발생되고, 7월 이후로는 개체수가 많이 줄어드는 것으로 나타났다. 서울시 지리타입별 모기개체수 분석결과, 수변부, 공원 주거지 순으로 모기가 많은 것으로 나타났다. 서울시 구별 모기 개체수 분석결과, 마포, 동대문, 양천 순으로 모기 개체수가 높게 나왔으며, 도봉, 관악, 강남 순으로 모기개체수가 낮게 나타났다. 환경요인에 따른 모기 개체수 Generalized Linear model 분석결과, 모기개체수를 대변하는 환경요인으로 평균온도와, 강우량을 도출하였다. 서울시 모기 개체수 회귀식결과 2017-2015년은 ln(모기 개체수) = 2.519 + 0.08 * 평균 온도 + 0.001 * 강우량, 2017년은 ln(모기 개체수) = 2.35 + 0.079 * 평균 온도 + 0.001 * 강우량으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과를 활용하여 모기 개체수 발생 정도를 사전에 예측 할 수 있을 것으로 예상되며, 더 나아가 본 예측산식이 질병 매개모기 발생예측에 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

한국산 무당개구리(Bombina orientalis)의 지역별 외형 변이에 관한 연구

송예빈 서울여자대학교 일반대학원 2023 국내석사

This study was conducted from February to November, 2022. Study sites were selected by three inland (Yeoncheon-gun, Gyeonggi-do, Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon-do, Yeongcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do) and one island (Jeju-si, Jeju-do). The purpose of this study is to compare the difference of fire-bellied toad by region, through body color(analysis on the back and belly color), and body mass(SVL, BW). The effect on these differences were analyzed using the environmental factors (mean temperature, precipitation, and humidity) on each region. Sites with water system connected to the forests and where farmland is placed were chosen, and were also selected so that they were evenly throughout the Korean peninsula. Based on the water system in each site, fire-bellied toads living in riversides, valleys and farmland were captured, and it was terminated when 50 individuals were captured at each site. The field investigation was conducted by line census and point census in every site. As an exception, in Jeju, which is site (D), pit-fall trap was additionally used. Since site (D) is forming a volcanic topography, water is collected in the river only in the case of rain. Moreover, due to low activity compared to the toads that live in the inland, there were some difficulty in capturing through visual investigation, so additional traps were used. All of the captured fire-bellied toads were measured for snout-vent length (SVL) and body weight (BW) each by using a ruler and an electronic scale. After the measurement, the picture of the back and belly part were taken placed on a white background. For the environmental factors, the ASOS(Automated Synoptic Observing System) device data closest to each site were used. Site (A) was matched to Cheorwon(95) device, site (B) to Jeongseon-gun(217) device, site (C) Yeongcheon(281) device, and site (D) to Jeju(184). Three-year data(2019-2021) of each ASOS device were collected, and data from November to March, the hibernation period of the fire-bellied toad, were excluded and then analyzed. As a result of the environmental factor analysis, the mean temperature at each site was high in the order of (D)>(C)>(A)>(B), the mean precipitation in the order of (D)>(A)>(C)>(B) and the mean humidity was high in the order of (A)>(D)>(B)>(C). 50 fire-bellied toad (30 female, 20 male) were captured in site (A), site (B) also 50 individuals (33 female, 17 male), site (C) also 50 individuals (21 female, 29 male), and in site (D) 2 fire-bellied toads(unidentified by gender) were captured. As a result of the comparison of the total SVL and BW of the non-gendered toads, the mean SVL was 5.16 ± 0.03 cm (n=150, range=4.4~6.0 cm) and the mean BW was 9.263 ± 0.163 g (n=150, range=4.12~21.58 cm). One-way analysis of variance was conducted to find out the difference between the mean SVL and BW for each site, but there was no significant difference between both SVL and BW. In order to analyze whether SVL and BW means differ according to gender, independent sample t-test was conducted on all individuals, female and male SVL, BW by region. The mean SVL of females for the total population was 5.16 ± 0.04 cm (n=84, range=4.4-6.0 cm), and the mean SVL of males was 5.05 ± 0.03 cm (n=66, range=4.4-5.6 cm). Mean BW for the female was found to be 9.836 ± 0.242 g (n=84, range=6.33), and mean BW of the male was 8.533 ± 0.171g(n=84, range= 4.12~11.3). There was no significant difference in the mean SVL of males and females in both (A) and (B) (p>0.05), whereas in the case of (C), there was a statistically significant difference between the mean SVL of females and males. In terms of BW, it was confirmed that there was no significant difference in the mean of males and females at both (A) and (C) (p>0.05), whereas for (B), there was a statistically significant difference between the mean BW of females and males. As a result of body color analysis, the mean R, G, and B values of both the back and belly were higher than in other regions in site (B), indicating a statistically significant difference (p<0.05). For site (A) and site (C), the difference by color was confirmed differently. The mean R, G, and B values of the back were higher in (A) than in (C), and in R value of the belly was higher in (C) than in (A), while the mean G and B value was higher in (A) than in (C). Pearson's correlation analysis results showed that the mean RGB value of the back and belly had a significant positive correlation (r2=0.3589) at the level below p-value 0.01. It was confirmed that the environmental factors of each site may have affected the change in body color of the fire-bellied toad, and among them, temperature and precipitation were in line with the results of body color analysis. In the future, we plan to supplement the research results and increase the reliability by securing additional populations of fire-bellied toads at site (D). The results of this study are basic ecological data for Korean fire-bellied toad and are intended to be provided as basic data for Korean amphibian ecological research. It is expected to be used not only in monitoring studies that can determine the correlation between environmental changes by region due to climate change, but also in research on Chytridiomycosis and amphibian ecological restoration through Korean fire-bellied toads. Keywords : Body color analysis, Body mass, Bombina orientalis, Environmental factor, Regional variation 본 연구는 2022년 2월부터 2022년 11월까지 수행되었으며 연구 지점은 총 4지점으로 내륙 3지점(경기도 연천군, 강원도 평창군, 경상북도 영천시), 섬 1지점(제주도 제주시)으로 해당 지점에 서식하는 무당개구리를 대상으로 연구를 수행하였다. 무당개구리의 생체량(SVL, BW)과 등면, 배면의 체색 색채분석을 통해 지점별 차이를 파악하고자 진행되었으며 지점별 환경 요인(기온, 강수량, 습도)의 평균을 사용하여 이러한 차이에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 지점은 산림과 연결된 수계가 있으며 농지가 분포한 지점들을 선정하였고 한반도 전반적으로 지점이 분포되도록 선정하였다. 지점 내의 수계와 그 인근(하천 변, 계곡, 농지)에 서식하는 무당개구리를 포획하였으며 각 지점 별 50개체 포획 시 종료하였다. 모든 지점에서 선 조사법(line census)와 정점조사법(point census)을 병행하였다. 예외로 (D)지점인 제주에서는 Pit-fall trap을 추가로 사용하였다. (D)지점은 화산 지형의 하천 특성상 우천시에만 물이 고여있으며, 내륙에 서식하는 무당개구리에 비하여 활동성이 높지 않아 육안조사를 통한 포획이 어려워 트랩을 사용하여 추가 포획하였다. 포획한 개체는 휴대용 자와 전자저울을 사용하여 SVL, BW를 측정하였으며, 측정 후 흰 배경에 옮겨 등면과 배면의 이미지를 촬영하였다. 각 지점의 환경요인은 지점과 가장 근거리에 위치한 ASOS(Automated Synoptic Observing System) 지상관측 기기 데이터를 사용하였다. (A)지점은 철원(95) 기기의 자료를 사용하였으며, (B)지점은 정선군(217)기기를, (C)지점은 영천(281)기기, (D)지점은 제주(184) 기기의 자료를 사용하였다. 각 ASOS기기의 3개년 자료(2019년~2021년)를 수집하였고 이 중 무당개구리의 동면기간인 11월~3월의 데이터는 제외 후 분석하였다. 환경 요인 분석 결과 지점별 평균 온도는 (D)>(C)>(A)>(B)순으로 높았으며 지점별 평균 강수량은 (D)>(A)>(C)>(B)순, 지점별 평균 습도는 (A)>(D)>(B)>(C)순으로 높게 나타났다. 무당개구리는 (A)지점 50개체(암컷 30개체, 수컷 20개체), (B)지점 50개체 (암컷 33개체, 수컷 17개체), (C)지점(암컷 21개체, 수컷 29개체), (D)지점 2개체(성별 미구분)가 포획되었다. 성별을 구분하지 않은 지역별 무당개구리 전체 SVL, BW 비교 결과, 개체 평균 SVL은 5.16 ± 0.03cm(n=150, range=4.4~6.0cm)이며 평균 BW는 9.263 ± 0.163g(n=150, range= 4.12~21.58cm)으로 확인되었다. 지점별 평균 SVL과 BW차이를 알아보고자 일원배치 분산분석을 실시하였으며 분석 결과 SVL과 BW 모두 지점별 유의미한 차이가 없는 것으로 확인되었다. 성별에 따라 SVL, BW 평균이 차이를 보이는지 분석하기 위해 전체 개체 및 지역별 암·수 SVL에 대하여 독립표본 t-test를 실시하였다. 분석 결과 전체 개체수에 대한 암컷의 평균 SVL은 5.16 ± 0.04cm(n=84, range=4.4~6.0cm)이며 수컷의 평균 SVL은 5.05 ± 0.03cm(n=66, range=4.4~5.6cm) 으로 나타났고 BW는 암컷의 평균 9.836 ± 0.242g(n=84, range= 6.46~21.58)이며 수컷의 평균 8.533 ± 0.171g(n=84, range= 4.12~11.3)으로 확인되었다. (A)지점과 (B)지점 모두 암수의 평균 SVL이 유의미한 차이가 없는 것으로 확인된(p>0.05) 반면, (C)지점의 경우 암컷과 수컷의 평균 SVL은 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 있는 것으로 확인되었다. BW는 (A)지점과 (C)지점 모두 암수의 평균 BW가 유의미한 차이가 없는 것으로 확인된(p>0.05) 반면 (B)지점의 경우 암컷과 수컷의 평균 BW는 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 체색 분석 결과 (B)지점의 경우 등면과 배면 평균 R, G, B값 모두 다른 지역에 비해 높게 나타났으며 이는 통계적으로 유의미한 차이를 나타냈다(p<0.05). (A)와 (C)지점의 경우 색상별 차이가 다르게 확인되었다. 등면의 평균 R, G, B값은 (A)가 (C)지점에 비해 높게 나타났으며 배면의 경우 R값은 (C)가 (A)지점에 비해 높게 나타난 반면, 평균 G값과 평균 B값은 (A)가 (C)지점에 비해 높게 나타났다. 피어슨 상관관계 분석(Pearson’s correlation analysis)결과 등면의 평균 RGB 값과 배면의 평균 RGB 값은 p-value 0.01 미만 수준에서 유의미한 양의 상관관계(r2=0.3589)를 갖는 것을 확인하였다. 각 지역별 환경요인이 무당개구리 체색 변화에 영향을 미쳤을 것으로 판단되며 그 중 기온과 강수량이 체색 분석 결과와 상통함을 확인하였다. 추후 (D)지점의 무당개구리 개체수를 추가로 확보하여 연구 결과의 보완과 신뢰도를 높일 수 있도록 하고자 한다. 본 연구의 결과는 한국산 무당개구리의 기초 생태자료로서 한국 양서류 생태 연구에 기초 자료로 제공되고자 한다. 추후 기후변화에 따른 지역별 환경변화와 양서류의 상관관계를 파악할 수 있는 모니터링 연구뿐만 아니라, 한국산 무당개구리를 매개로 하는 항아리곰팡이병에 관한 연구 및 양서류 생태복원에서도 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

대학 내 화장실 및 사용자에 대한 위생학적 평가

김형낭 경상대학교 융합과학기술대학원 2012 국내석사

식품의 안전성은 국민건강에 큰 영향을 미치기 때문에 식품관련회사나 단체급식소 등 모든 작업장에서 아주 중요하게 관리되고 있다. 특히 개인위생은 화장실과 밀접한 관계를 가지고 있어 철저하게 관리하고 있으나 대부분의 사람들은 화장실 주변 환경이나 화장실 사용 전&#8901;후에 막연한 불안감을 가지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 대학 내 화장실 위생 상태와 사용자 및 개인위생 상태를 파악하여 공중보건위생에 대한 기준 자료를 제공하고자 실시하였다. 먼저 시료 및 채취 장소로는 대학 내 화장실 남자&#8901;여자 각 2개의 화장실에서 시료를 채취하였으며 실험 횟수로는 오전과 오후 각 1회씩 실시하였다. 실험의 평가 대상으로는 용수(화장실 수돗물, 실험실 수돗물, 판매되는 물), 주변 환경(변기, 세면대, 벽, 손잡이 (내), 손잡이 (외), 물 내리는 버튼) 사용자의 개인위생(일반인의 손, 사용자의 손(전), 사용자의 손(후), 머리카락, 침 및 장신구(반지, 귀걸이)등 총 94점의 시료를 수집하여 위생지표세균(일반세균, 대장균군, 대장균), 병원성 미생물(Escherichia coli O157:H7, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogene, Salmonella spp.), 곰팡이 및 공중낙하균에 대하여 분석하였다. 실험 결과, 대부분의 시료에서 위생지표세균과 곰팡이가 검출되었으며, 특히 화장실 사용 후 손에서 일반세균과 대장균이 비교적 높은 수준으로 검출되어 화장실 청소 및 사용 시 더욱 위생적인 관리가 필요한 것으로 나타났다. 병원성 미생물의 경우 화장실 사용 후 손 씻기 전의 시료에서 B.cereus와 S.aureus가 부분적으로 검출되어 화장실 출입 시 다른 사용자의 손에 교차오염가능성을 예측할 수 있었다. 본 실험은 A·B층, 오전·오후, 남·녀의 세 가지 변수를 가지고 실험을 하였는데 A·B층, 오전. 오후는 별다른 차이는 나타나지 않았으나 남자가 여자보다 오염정도가 큰 것으로 나타났다. 실험을 실시한 대학 내 화장실의 주변 환경은 생각보다 깨끗하게 관리되고 있었으나 부분적으로 위생지표세균 및 병원성 미생물 등의 교차오염 가능성이 있기 때문에 화장실 사용 전·후에 손을 깨끗이 씻고 주변 환경을 청결하게 관리해야 할 것으로 나타났다. Food safety is strictly managed in the food industry as well as school meals because it plays a crucial role in one’s overall health. Personal hygiene and restrooms are closely related so this is why the restrooms are meticulously cleaned. However, most of the people tend to feel a general uneasiness before and after the use of the restroom or restroom environment despite the restroom being thoroughly cleaned. This study evaluated microbiological safety of university restroom sanitation, its users, and the personal hygiene of those users in order to provide standard data. The sample for the study was obtained each morning and evening for two different women and mens’ restrooms. The evaluated data contains a total of 94 samples including water (restroom tap water, laboratory tap water, store-bought water), environment (toilet, the restroom wall, the bathroom door interior handle, exterior handle, toilet lever, and sink), personal hygiene (a random person’s hand, user’s hand before use, user’s hand after use, hair, saliva, accessories (ring, earring), colony dilution and etc ; these samples are analyzed forsanitary indicative bacteria (APC, coliform and Escherichia coli), pathological microorganisms (Escherichia coli 0157:H7, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Listeriamono cytogene, Salmonella spp.),fungi and colony dilution. In conclusion, a majority of samples were detected with sanitary indicative bacteria and fungi. It is necessary to manage hygienic care better after using or cleaning the restroom because fairly high quantities of bacilli and colon bacilli are detected on the user’s hand after restroom use. Pathological microorganisms, B.cereus and S.aureus are partially found on the hand after restroom use but before hand washing. This might indicate possible cross contamination from other user’s hands upon entering the restroom. This experiment has three variables `including A and B floor, morning and evening, male and female. There is not much of difference between A and B floor, morning and evening, but males have a higher contamination rate than females. The environment of the university restroom, where the study is performed, is cleaned better than initially assumed. However, hand washing before and after using the restroom, as well as keeping the restroom environment clean should be maintained because of the partial cross contamination of sanitary indicative bacteria and pathological microorganisms.

해수면 자유공간의 전파경로손실 예측모델

박정진 朝鮮大學校 大學院 2003 국내석사

In reality, providing the mobile phone service for a long and short distance includes several problems; First, management deficits and second, the lack of a base station site and location. When these problems are solved, the universal mobile phone service for the short- and long-distance sea, like urban area, one method is to expand service area per one base station at its maximum by making propagation prediction model for the sea practicable in order to minimize facility investment and cost of maintenance and repair in a base station. Considering the uncertainty of air density of ground and sea surface free space, it was confirmed that there was no error range between measurement value and the simulation of proposed propagation prediction model, accordingly, the practicality of the propagation path loss prediction model for sea surface free space proposed by this author was verified sufficiently.