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가축 전염병(口蹄疫 및 AI)의 경제적 영향분석 및 축산업허가제
The purpose of this paper is to make suggestions for the livestock licensing system through the collection of opinions from livestock households after measuring economic loss caused by the animal diseases and discussing the livestock licensing system which has been established for the purpose of preventing animal diseases in Korea. 1. Summary According to an analysis of the impact of livestock diseases on market demand through estimation of demand functions including the amount of animal disease related news, livestock diseases had a significant impact on changes in demand. In addition, a negative impact has been observed when measuring the elasticity of the demand for meat using LAIDS model. According to an analysis of the factors influencing changes in demand, changes from psychological factors related to animal diseases were greater than changes from economic factors. Therefore, the frequency of news related to the animal disease had a significant influence on changes in consumers’ psychological demand. According to the estimation of the social benefit, animal diseases have a greater impact on consumers' surplus than on producers'. Therefore, in animal disease management consumers should be considered as a more important factor. In terms of disease control, the livestock licensing system is essential for the benefit of consumers and the nation as well as to lessen the producers’ burden of disease management. According to a questionnaire survey on understanding of livestock licensing system, beef cattle, broiler, and egg growers were in favor of the system, while swine and dairy farming households were against the system. In terms of the reasons for their choice,"needs to develop a systematic approaches in livestock industry" was the highest in households which were for the system, while "too many restrictions" was the highest in the households which were against the system. In terms of preferred policies associated with the livestock licensing system, beef cattle, swine, and dairy farming households pointed out "obligation to be trained and educated on the livestock licensing system and infectious diseases control", while broiler and egg growers chose "the system to classify farm households by size, and to apply proper measures to prevent animal diseases." In terms of a method to restrict the number of animals to be farmed, those respondents under 40 years old with higher education background preferred the measures to encourage farmers to give up farming voluntarily by compensation system, while respondents 40 or older with lower education background(high-school graduates or junior college graduates) preferred "restriction on the number of animals to be farmed through the livestock licensing system." 2. Suggestions Despite reasonable policy purposes and goals, the livestock licensing system might be regarded as a undesirable policies for the operation of livestock households without generating direct profits. Therefore, it is necessary to advertise the positive effects of the system and the incentives which would be given to livestock households when they adopt this system. In addition, it is also important to get some financial support from the government, because the modernization and automation of production facilities should be upgraded as well. Government grants should be sufficient enough to generate an internal effect. Under the livestock licensing system, meanwhile, all benefits and restraints should be implemented based on the business point of view. Therefore, developing an education and training programs for the family owned management and employees are necessary. The livestock licensing system should be able to maintain and include each policy in connection with previous policies. For example, it should cover the Animal Disease Prevention Act, Livestock Night Soil Management Act and Livestock Business Registration Facility Management Standards to enhance the efficiency of the policy. In addition, the government needs to become actively involved to enforce the policy on livestock households which frequently violate the restrictions in order to remove the causes of diseases. 이 논문은 가축질병 발생에 따른 경제적 손실을 계측하고, 가축질병 예방을 목적으로 도입이 확정된 축산업 허가제에 대하여 논의하고, 축산농가의 의견 수렴을 통해 축산업 허가제가 풀어야 할 과제를 제시하는 데 그 목적을 두고 있다. 1. 요약 가축질병의 보도 건수를 포함한 수요함수 추정을 통해 가축질병이 수요에 미치는 영향을 파악한 바, 가축질병은 수요변화에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 준이상수요함수(LAIDS)을 이용한 육류의 수요탄력성을 계측한 결과 모두 부(-)의 영향을 미치고 있었다. 수요변화량에 영향을 미치는 요인을 분석한 결과 가축질병과 관련된 심리적 요인에 의한 변화량이 경제적 요인에 의한 변화량 보다 크게 나타났다. 따라서 질병의 안전성과 관련된 보도 건수는 소비자의 심리적 수요변화에 크게 영향을 미치는 것임을 알 수 있다. 사회적 후생효과 추정 결과 가축질병은 생산자의 후생보다 소비자의 후생에 더 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타나 질병관리에 있어 소비자의 중요성은 더욱 더 가중되고 있다. 따라서 질병예방과 관련된 축산업 허가제는 생산자의 질병관리 부담을 덜어 줄 뿐만 아니라 소비자, 넓게는 국가적 후생을 위해서 필요한 제도가 될 것이다. 축산업 허가제와 관련 농가의 인식조사에서 축산업 허가제의 찬․반에 관한 의견을 보면 한ㆍ육우 농가, 육계농가, 산란계농가는 찬성하였고, 양돈농가, 낙농농가는 반대하는 것으로 나타났다. 찬성하는 이유로는 “축산업 전반에 체계적인 시스템 구축이 필요”하다는 의견이 가장 높게 나타났으며, 반대의견으로는 “규제중심이라고 생각되어서” 가 가장 높게 나타났다. 사육품종별 선호하는 축산업 허가제 관련 정책으로는, 한ㆍ육우농가, 양돈농가, 낙농농가는 “축산업등록제와 질병 및 방역 등에 대한 의무교육” 을 선호하였고, 육계농가와 산란계농가는 “일정규모이상의 농가와 소규모농가로 구분하여 관리하는 정책” 을 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 가축사육두수 제한 방법에 관해서는 학력이 높고 연령이 낮은 경우 “폐업보상제를 통한 기존농가의 자발적 퇴출 유도” 방법을 선호하는 것으로 나타났으며, 고졸 및 2~3년제 전문대졸학력의 응답자와 40세 이상 연령대에서는 “대규모농가에 대해서는 가축생산 허가를 통해 사육두수를 제한” 하는 방법을 선호하였다. 2. 제언 축산업 허가제는 합리적 정책목표와 취지에도 불구하고, 농가의 입장에서 보면 직접적 이익은 생기지 않으면서 축산농가의 영농행위를 간섭하는 제도로 잘못 인식될 수 있다. 따라서 이 제도에 참여할 경우 축산업에 어떤 효과가 발생할 것이며 개별 농가는 어떤 이익을 얻고 국가로부터 어떤 인센티브를 제공받을 수 있는지를 제도적으로 규정하고 홍보해야 할 것이다. 또한 생산시설의 현대화 및 자동화가 더욱 중대한 사항일 수 있으므로 이에 대한 국가적 지원 방법도 고려되어야 할 것이다. 그러나 내어 주기식의 경제적 지원보다는 내부적 효과를 나타낼 수 있는 지원방법을 연구하여야 할 것이다. 반면 축산업 허가제는 축산업 허가적 성질을 띤 것이므로 모든 혜택 및 제재사항은 사업장 중심으로 이루어지기 때문에 가족 경영체 및 직원 등에 대한 교육과정도 개발 되어야 할 것이다. 축산업 허가제는 기존 정책과 연계되어 각각의 정책을 유지하면서 전체적으로 포괄하는 정책이 되어야 할 것이다. 예를 들어 가축질병예방법, 가축분뇨관리법, 축산업 등록제 시설 관리 기준 등은 축산업허가제에서 혜택과 제재수준을 전체적으로 포괄하여 시행할 수 있도록 하여야만 정책의 효율성을 증대 시킬 수 있으며, 또한 각 하위항목의 위반회수를 점수화 하여 점수가 높아지는 농가에 대해서는 국가가 적극 개입하여 계도함으로써 사전에 질병을 유발할 수 있는 원인을 방지 할 수 있는 효과를 가질 수 있을 것이다.
The purpose of this thesis is to evaluate the management efficiency of Reginal Livestock Cooperatives in Korea. First of all, an overall perspective of agricultural production and cooperatives in Korea are reviewed and the business conditions of regional livestock cooperatives are investigated. Second, an attempt is made to investigate members' and customers ' understanding on the cooperative principles. Finally, this study tries to suggest the ways of improvement of inefficient Decision Making Unit(DMU) that is resulted from Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA). Survey results may be summarized as follows. First, 30% of the surveyed regional livestock cooperatives are larger than the average business scale. Most of the cooperatives are located in cities and average business volume of them is twice larger than that of cooperatives located in rural area. second, survey result shows that 'understanding on Local Cooperatives's' indicates that most members have positive attitudes and willingness to participate in the cooperative business very actively. On the other hand, customers or non-members are shown to not have as much knowledge as the members on basic concepts of cooperatives business. Moreover, they participate in the business just due to their conveniency to visit the cooperation. It suggests that the cooperatives should get closer to the customers with better education and communication programs for different kinds of participants. Finally, results of DEA analysis indicate that the overall efficiency is higher in the city-located cooperatives. For the cooperatives in farm village, many of them are needed to increase their business scale. Moreover, labor costs are relatively high in the most inefficient cooperatives, suggesting ultimate efforts for labor costs down.
이종복 건국대학교 농축대학원 2015 국내석사
본 연구는 소비자의 친환경 및 동물복지에 대한 인식도 요인을 분석하여 소비유형을 도출하고, 각 소비자 유형별 동물복지 축산에 대한 인식 및 이용실태 파악을 바탕으로 동물복지 축산 농장 인증제의 성공적인 정착과 동물복지형 축산 제품 시장의 확산을 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 실시하였다. 연구를 위하여 국내 친환경 및 동물복지를 고려하여 생산된 농축산물을 제품에 대하여 구매해 본 경험이 있는 소비자를 대상으로 설문서를 배포하고 회수된 293부의 설문지를 SPSS 20.0를 이용하여 분석하였다. 그 분석결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 성별에 따라 축산물 안전성, 안전성 정보탐색, 친환경 인증 신뢰도, 축산물 재구매 의도에 대한 분석을 살펴보면 다음과 같다. 평소 친환경 및 동물복지를 고려한 축산물을 구매하는 응답자 중 여성보다 남성이 축산물 안전성에 대한 관심이 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 통계적으로 차이가 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한 친환경 및 동물복지를 고려한 축산물을 구매하기 전 안전성에 대한 정보탐색으로 인증마크의 확인과 안전성에 대한 정보 역시 남성이 여성보다 더 높게 확인하는 것으로 나타났으며, 이러한 정보탐색에 따른 인증제도에 대한 신뢰도 역시 남성이 높게 신뢰하며, 이에 따른 축산물의 재구매 의도 역시 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 통계적으로 차이가 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 둘째, 학력에 따른 축산물 안전성, 안전성 정보탐색, 친환경 인증 신뢰도, 축산물 재구매 의도에 대한 분석을 살펴보면 다음과 같다. 축산물 안전성과 안전성에 대한 정보탐색 및 친환경 인증에 대한 신뢰도 그리고 축산물 재구매 의도에 대한 응답으로는 고학력자보다 저학력자의 평균값이 높은 것으로 나타났고, 통계적으로 차이가 유의미하다는 것을 알 수 있다. 이러한 결과는 학력에 대한 지식수준보다는 사회적 이슈에 대한 관심도에 따라 응답결과가 다른 것으로 볼 수 있다. 셋째, 결혼을 한 기혼 집단 보다 미혼집단에서 친환경 및 동물복지 제품에 대한 인식도가 높게 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 개인적으로 여유가 생기고 생활수준의 질적 향상이 됨에 따라 구매하고자 하는 축산물 제품에 대해 소비자들의 욕구가 증가하고, 식생활 수준이 향상됨에 따라 안전하고 위생적이며 몸에 좋은 먹 거리에 대한 소비자의 관심은 나날이 높아지기 때문에 각종 환경에 대한 관심으로 환경보호와 식량 안전성 관심을 보이는 것으로 볼 수 있다. 넷째, 친환경 및 동물 복지를 고려한 축산물 제품을 고려하여 구입하는 정도에 대해 응답 분석을 살펴보면, 전반적으로 환경 및 동물 복지를 고려한 축산물 제품을 고려하여 구입하는 소비자의 경우가 축산물의 안전성, 안전성에 따른 정보탐색, 친환경 인증제도의 신뢰도가 높은 것을 알 수 있으며, 축산물 재구매 의도 또한 높게 나타났다. 다섯째, 친환경 및 동물 복지를 고려한 축산물 제품의 구입 개수에 따른 응답 분석을 살펴보면, 친환경 및 동물 복지를 고려한 축산물 제품의 인증서에 대한 신뢰도 부분을 제외한 나머지 부분에서 제품의 구입 개수가 높은 집단일수록 축산물의 안전성, 안전성에 따른 정보탐색의 인식이 높은 것을 알 수 있으며, 축산물 재구매 의도 또한 높게 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 친환경 및 동물 복지를 고려한 축산물 제품에 구매 개수가 많은 집단일수록 축산물 자체에 대한 경험적인 부분이 많아지기 때문에 친환경 및 동물 복지를 고려한 축산물 제품의 인식 자체가 높게 형성되어있다는 것을 의미한다. 여섯째, 친환경 및 동물 복지를 고려한 축산물 제품의 구입비용에 따른 응답 분석을 살펴보면, 축산물의 구입비용이 높은 집단일수록 축산물의 안전성, 안전성에 따른 정보탐색, 친환경 인증서에 대한 신뢰도의 인식이 높은 것을 알 수 있으며, 축산물 재구매 의도 또한 높게 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 친환경 및 동물 복지를 고려한 축산물 제품에 구매비용이 높은 집단일수록 인식 자체가 높게 형성되어있다는 것을 의미한다. 일곱째, 친환경 및 동물 복지를 고려한 축산물 제품의 구입 장소에 따른 응답 분석을 살펴보면, 생산자 단체나 소비자 단체를 통해서 구매한 집단일수록 축산물의 안전성, 안전성에 따른 정보탐색, 친환경 인증서에 대한 신뢰도의 인식이 높은 것을 알 수 있으며, 축산물 재구매 의도 또한 높게 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 친환경 및 동물 복지를 고려한 축산물 제품에 대해 직접적인 거래를 통한 경험이 높은 신뢰를 나타내고 있다는 것을 의미하며, 전문매장이나 구매비용이 높은 집단일수록 인식 자체가 높게 형성되어있다는 것을 의미한다.
The credit business of National Livestock Cooperatives Federation (NLCF) in Korea established in 1981 has rapidly develeped since 1983 when it was begun. The radical purpose of the credit business is to improve the economical and social level of coopartner through the productivity improvement suppyed by necessary capital for copartner at suitable time as well as to develop the industry of livestock. The credit business of NLCF in korea is followings. The amount of mobilized capital is 11.6 % in deposit received account, 8 % in contribution account, 58.6 % in loan account, 12.2 % in profit account of business. Out of the amount of mobilized capital, The loan is higher than any other. The organization of capital isn't very sound, because the amount of mobilization by deposit received account is bigger than that of profit account of business and so on. The condition of the savings mobilization in NACF is following. As The amount of the savings mobilization is 7,210 millow won in 1983, 63,513 millow won in 1985, the growth ratio is 114 % for 2 from 1983 to 1985, the average growth ratio per year is 33.9 % The type of saving is 25.3% in the demand deposit, 72.9 % in the a savings deposit, and 1.8 % in a delivery deposit. The savings deposit is bigger than the demand deposit by three times. The amount of a savings mobilization of mutual finance is rapidly grown from 141 hundred million in 1983 to 728 hundred million by 19.4 times. In view of the ratio of saving type , the demand deposit is amounted to 105 hundred million out of the total savings amount, the savings deposit is amounted to 623 hundred million. this is a desired thing in the view of stability supply of middle- long capital. but this is not a desired thing in the view of the cost rise of profit of cooperative. The 57.9 % of the total munbers of N.L.C.F.(88) have 5-15 hundred million. The amount-of-savings of urban cooperative is bigger than the of savings of rural cooperative. In the view of capital management, the amount of loan in 1985 is amounted to 377,118 million out of total management capital. Loan is consisted of the livestock development fund and the loan from foreign. the livestock development fund is amounted to 73.1 %. the management capital of N.L.C.F. is consisted of exterior capital( 320,095 million) and interor capital (206,813 million), therefore interior capital of N.L.C.F. is very small. The amount of capital support to farmer is amounted to 72 % in livestock development fund and 20 % in mutural finance capital and 9 % in finance capital. The livestock development fund is almost amounted to the amount of capital support to farmer. The saving of farmer household is amounted to 69.7 % in the country saving and 76.6 % in mutral finance out of 2,057 hundred million. threrefore, the mutral finance is important to saving increasing. The purpose of this the study is to mobilize the savings of National Livestock Cooperatives Fedation in Korea centering Bu Chean breach of N.L.C.F. The surveyed reion is 150 household, the reply household of which is 130. The necessity of the credit business in N.L.C.F. is to supply a copartner the capital needed in farm management. The results of the study is as followings. The first, the absorption of the capital of copartner 1) increasing the number of copartner 2) getting copartner studied the education, which has copartner get the recognition of the master. The second, the mobilization of Kyu and Private loan. 1) The various product developement suitable to Kyu and Private loan. 2) The mobilization by enlarging a ralation ship among copartner. 3) The support of interesting policy. The Third, the function enlargement of credit Lusiness of N.L.C.F. 1) The intersification of advertisement of credit business of N.L.C.F. 2) The establishment of breach of N.L.C.F. 3) The service improvement. 4) The intersification of loan The forth, The income increasement of the rural household. This can be obtained with the price secuity of Livestock and the decrease of product cost.
"A cooperative is an autonomous association of persons united voluntarily to meet their common economic, social, and cultural needs and aspirations through a jointly-owned and democratically controlled enterprise." When a cooperative pursues common interests for members through an enterprise, the economic benefit is one of the most important purposes. In agricultural cooperatives, the common economic benefit can be achieved through businesses such as purchasing farming materials, marketing farm products, banking businesses and so on. Because purchasing businesses and marketing businesses are closely linked to the production activities of member farmers, the promotion of extension services is a very important factor for the success of cooperatives and their members. Livestock cooperatives which are coping with difficulties due to the import liberalization of livestock products need to improve their competitiveness to survive. Expanding businesses is essential for their survival. In this regard extension services are one of the most important factors in maintaining cooperative identity and motivating participation of member farmers in cooperative businesses. From this study, it was found that member farmers' recognition and expectation of the extension services was high, but the level of services provided by cooperatives has not met members' demands. One of the reasons is the fact that cooperatives failed to grasp members' needs, and the other is that they have not established appropriate infrastructure for extension services. To improve the livestock extension services of cooperatives, the introduction of a system to monitor and collect members' needs is necessary, and extension service programs must be directed towards what members want. For the member farmers, the benefits from economic businesses and extension services are realized at the same time. The purpose of this study is to evaluate and analyze the major role and function of extension services for livestock farming of members, to find important factors affecting extension services, and to suggest the future direction for the development of livestock extension services. This study verified that economic businesses and extension services have a close relationship. Members who showed higher satisfaction with the extension services participated more actively in economic businesses of their cooperatives. That is, the proportional rate of farming materials purchased from cooperatives and farm products sold through cooperatives recorded high in case of members who were highly satisfied with extension services. In this regard, livestock cooperatives have to expand the function and infrastructure for extension services as follows. First, livestock cooperatives have to increase the number of extension specialists and improve their skills. Extension specialists have to be highly qualified with majors in animal science or veterinary science in colleges or universities. Specialized education programs are necessary to increase their knowledge, skill and experience. Cooperatives need to improve the staff management system to encourage extension specialists to perform their best services for members. Until cooperatives build up the infrastructure for extension services, they need to utilize the 'Livestock Specialist Pool'managed by National Agricultural Cooperative Federation(NACF). Second, livestock cooperatives have to set up plans, in detail, of extension service programs in order to meet members' needs without fail. A sufficient budget has to be allocated to undertake the programs efficiently. Third, livestock cooperatives are encouraged to organize the 'Joint Teams for Livestock Farm Consulting'in cooperation with adjacent cooperatives to develop specialized services for various kinds of animals and solve the shortage of extension specialists. Fourth, livestock cooperatives have to pay more attention to marketing services to get better prices when member farmers sell their livestock. Fifth, livestock cooperatives are recommended to operate animal hospitals for disease control and treatment, which can contribute a great deal to increasing in members' participation in cooperative businesses. Sixth, livestock cooperatives have to establish IT infrastructure to streamline the flow of information on livestock farm management and on the marketing of farm inputs and outputs. Education on personal computers, internet and e-mail is needed for extension specialists and member farmers. Another recommendation is to operate the 'Livestock Consulting Centers' to meet members' diverse needs as quickly as possible and to link the centers to the 'Livestock Cyber-Consulting System' operated by NACF. Lastly, the fundamental factor that makes extension services successful is the close relationship between member farmers and cooperatives. Therefore, the introduction of 'One Family Movement' by establishing sister-relationship between cooperative staffs and member farmers is needed. If staff increase contact with members by various ways such as visiting, telephone calls, e-mail and postal mail, the relationship between cooperatives and members can be enhanced. To activate the extension services of livestock cooperatives, the NACF has to restructure the extension service system, increase the number of extension specialists, and improve the personnel management. What is specially needed is the establishment of the 'Extension Service Teams' at Province Regional Headquarters. The NACF also has to encourage member cooperatives to strengthen extension services by assisting with budget and equipment needs. It is necessary to continuously upgrade the 'Livestock Cyber-Consulting Homepage' so that farmers and extension specialists will be able to use it efficiently and conveniently. The extension service of livestock cooperatives is a very important factor that must be promoted for the development of cooperatives. The extension service, which is unique to cooperatives, is closely related to economic businesses, banking businesses and cooperative development. This study evaluated and analyzed several fundamental problems in livestock extension services of livestock cooperatives. However, further studies are strongly recommended in the area of social costs and effects of extension services, and on relationships between extension services and cooperative businesses.
This study tried to investigate the managerial efficiency of special livestock cooperatives in korea. Three steps are attempted for the study. The first step is to understand the situation and the problem in current agricultural environment. The second step is to survey how much employees of the livestock cooperatives understand principles of cooperatives. And, the third step is to evaluate the managerial efficiency of the special livestock cooperatives using Date Envelopment Analysis(DEA). First, korean farmers are suffering from low level of farm household income because of increasing trend of aged and income disparity between farm and non-farm households. In addition, number of livestock cooperatives which shows deficit are increasing. Specially, livestock cooperatives' insolvency has been appeared most seriously among member farmers. In the recent years(1997-2000), magnitude of coop's activity with the special livestock cooperatives has been increased by 11.1% on an average, while profit has been decreased by 29.8% on an average. Labor and operating cost have been increased by 10.7% on an average. Most of special livestock cooperatives depend highly on the banking business, although multi-purpose in its function. From the survey of livestock cooperatives employees' attitude, many livestock cooperative employees understand cooperatives principles well. And to forward subject, most livestock cooperatives employees emphasize the important role of leaders, especially with the elected president of the cooperatives. Finally, this study analyzes the differences of management efficiency among each Decision Making Unit(DMU) in 22 special livestock cooperatives except for 24 special livestock cooperatives which recorded deficit in gross receipt and Seoul Milk cooperatives. As a result, technical efficiency is 0.940 on an average. The DMU analysis shows that scale efficiency is 0.898, this means special livestock cooperatives indicate 10.2% of inefficiency . The special livestock cooperatives which show all efficient in both technology and scale are only 7 livestock cooperatives in 22 DMU. Therefore, it may be concluded that it is difficult to achieve an improvement of competitive power through the special livestock cooperatives unless they make way to reinforce business efficiency of special livestock cooperatives.
In this study, market differentiation method of environment-friendly livestock products was intended to be suggested by analyzing as to how consumers recognize environment-friendly livestock products and what kind of characteristics their behavior shows. Summary of analysis result is as follows. First, it was revealed that consumers considered reliability of environment-friendly livestock products to be ‘fair’ and as a reason of their distrust, they indicated that its quality is not different from that of general livestock products and after a disgraceful report was released, their reliability showed a tendency of being decreased. Second, as a major motivation of purchase, they indicated ‘family health’ and ‘due to no content of antibiotics’ and as a factor of most discouraging purchase, they singled out ‘price’ and ‘reliability’. Third, source of information was represented to be ‘word-of-mouth of surrounding people’ and ‘TV program’ and as purchase attribute, they thought ‘safety’, ‘freshness’, ‘place of origin’, ‘health’, ‘environment protection’ to be important. Fourth, as a matter that is required to be improved in order to facilitate re-purchase of environment-friendly livestock products, they cited ‘price reduction’, and ‘reinforced reliability of authentication system for livestock products’. Fifth, it was revealed that as selection attribute for environment-friendly livestock products, consumers were represented to regard ‘safety’, ‘environment protection’, ‘authentication standard’ to be important. Sixth, ‘price’, ‘authentication standard’ and ‘sellers network’ were regarded as a problem to be solved urgently. Seventh, generally, consumer’s dissatisfaction for price was high but as re-purchase intention of household of which monthly income level is 4-5 million Won was represented to be high, it is considered this class would purchase this product again continuously in the future. Eighth, as selection standard of purchasing place of environment-friendly livestock products, it was represented in the order of ‘large mart’, ‘store specialized in environment-friendly livestock products’, ‘department store’ and as a reason of such selection, ‘reliable’ was represented to be the highest. Ninth, consumers recognized that ‘special magazine’ and ‘word-of-mouth of surrounding people’ increase reliability and at the time of purchase decision in store, ‘past experience’ and ‘ surrounding reputation’ were represented to exert a significant influence. On the other hand, as a feature among groups, it was revealed that consumers below 30th were influenced by ‘internet’, 50th by ‘word-of mouth of surrounding people’ and based on each income, contrary to other income class, household of which monthly income level is below 1million, 2million, 4million was greatly influenced by TV program. Based on above analysis, market differentiation method of environment-friendly livestock products is presented as follows. First is product differentiation method. It is required to emphasize that such product is safe as it was manufactured by strengthening environment protection and its authentication mark was obtained. This was also confirmed through questionnaire result and as concern over environment, health and reliability on authentication are not sufficient, a strategic approach for this trend is required. Second is price differentiation method. It is required to try differentiation strategy of high price, high quality and resolutely perform regular discount sales through direct marketing. In other words, an effort of inducing consumption of high-income class is required by emphasizing high quality based on high price. In addition, an effort is also required so that consumers would correctly understand pricing policy of environment-friendly livestock products by implementing PR activity for such product consistently and producers are required to be protected by forming proper level of price. If a value unique to environment-friendly livestock products should be sold to consumers, both producers and consumers would be satisfied. Third is distribution differentiation method. Differentiation of distribution, specialized outlet, exclusive online shopping mall for environment-friendly livestock products and exclusive corner of large mart is required. Environment-friendly livestock products are sold at offline store, internet shopping mall that received authentication for dealers, contrary to general livestock products and in the future, such stores are required to be increased. In addition, it is expected that if selling stand of large mart should be displayed by separation so that environment-friendly livestock products could be sold by dividing it clearly, its effect would be significant. Fourth is promotion differentiation method. It is considered that sales promotion utilizing TV program, delivery of exact information through internet, a method of enhancing quality reliability by directly connecting consumers with producers would demonstrate its effect. As was clarified by questionnaire, as consumers most frequently acquired information of environment-friendly livestock products through TV program, extensive utilization of TV is required and for future consumers, a method of utilizing internet or smart phone, for example, word-of-mouth marketing utilizing smart phone, connection with producers through QR code would be significantly effective for sales promotion. 우리나라의 축산업은 생산성을 높이기 위해 규모화를 지향하면서 여러 가지 문제들을 양산하고 있다. 즉 축산분뇨로 인한 환경문제, 항생제 약물과다 사용에 따른 항생제 잔류와 내성문제, 그리고 대규모 사육으로 인한 질병에 대한 저항력 저하와 각종 전염성 질병에 의한 피해가 발생하고 있다. 한편, 안전 축산물에 대한 소비자 요구 확대, 환경 오염문제 발생 해결에 대한 사회적 요구 증가 등으로 인해 축산업이 환경 친화적이고 지속가능한 산업이 되도록 체질 개선이 필요하다는 국민적 요구가 높아지고 있다. 이에 부응하여 정부가 친환경축산물 인증제도를 실시한 이후 친환경축산물 생산량은 매년 크게 증가하고 있지만, 아직까지 제한적인 수요처만 형성되어 있고 일반축산물과 달리 관행적인 시장기구를 통한 판매보다는 생산자와 소비자 단체들과의 연계를 통한 직거래와 친환경축산물 전문 취급유통업체를 통해 유통되고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 직거래 유통의 비중이 높으므로 수급조절이 원활하지 않고, 농가 수취가격 결정의 객관성․투명성이 낮은 문제점이 발생하고 있다. 이 논문에서는 소비자들이 친환경축산물에 대해 어떻게 인식하고 있고 구매행동은 어떤 특징을 보이고 있는가를 분석하여 친환경축산물의 차별화 방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 분석결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 친환경축산물에 대한 신뢰도는 ‘보통’ 정도로 생각하고 있으며, 불신하는 이유는 ‘일반축산물과 품질의 차이가 없다’는 점을 꼽았다. 또한 불미스러운 보도를 접한 후에는 신뢰도가 저하하는 경향을 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 구입하는 주요 동기로는 ‘가족 건강’과 ‘항생제가 없어서’를, 구입을 가장 저해하는 요인으로는 ‘가격’과 ‘신뢰도’를 꼽았다. 셋째, 정보의 원천은 ‘주위사람 소문’과 ‘TV 프로그램’으로 나타났고, 구매선택 속성으로는 ‘안전성’, ‘신선도’, ‘원산지’, ‘건강’, ‘환경보호’를 중요하게 생각하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 친환경축산물의 재구매를 촉진하기 위해 개선해야 하는 것으로는 ‘가격인하’와 ‘친환경축산물 인증제도의 신뢰도 강화’를 꼽았다. 다섯째, 친환경축산물에 대한 선택속성으로 ‘안전성’, ‘환경보호’, ‘인증기준’을 중요하게 생각하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 여섯째, ‘가격’, ‘인증기준’, ‘판매자’ 또한 시급히 해결해야 할 것으로 나타났다. 일곱째, 전반적으로 가격에 대한 불만이 높은 것으로 나타났지만, 소득이 400∼500만원대인 세대의 재구입 의향이 높은 것으로 나타나고 있어 이들 계층은 앞으로도 꾸준히 재구매할 수 있도록 신경써야 할 것으로 생각된다. 여덟째, 친환경축산물 구입 장소 선택기준은 ‘대형마트’, ‘진환경농축산물전문점’, ‘백화점’ 순으로 나타났으며, 선택하는 이유는 ‘믿을 수가 있어서’가 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다. 아홉째, ‘전문지’와 ‘주위사람 소문’이 신뢰도를 높이는 것으로 인식하고 있고, 매장에서 구매결정시 ‘과거경험’과 ‘주위평판’이 영향을 크게 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 집단간 특성으로는 30대이하는 ‘인터넷’, 50대는 ‘주위사람 소문’에 영향을 받는 경향이 있고, 소득별로는 100만원미만, 200만원대, 400만대가 다른 소득계층과는 달리 ‘TV 프로그램’의 영향을 많이 받는 것으로 나타났다. 이와 같은 분석결과에 근거하여 친환경축산물의 차별화 방안을 제안하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 제품차별화 방안. 환경보호를 강조한 제품, 인증마크가 들어간 제품, 안전한 제품임을 강조할 필요가 있다. 이는 설문지 조사결과에서도 확인되었는데, 환경과 건강에 대한 관심이 높은데 반하여 인증에 대한 신뢰도가 부족한 만큼 이에 대한 전략적 접근이 필요하다. 둘째, 가격차별화 방안. 고가격·고품질 차별화를 시도하고 직거래를 통하여 정기적으로 과감하게 할인 판매를 할 필요가 있다. 다시 말해서 고가격 대비 고품질을 강조하여 고소득층에서 소비하도록 유도하는 노력이 필요하다. 또한 친환경축산물에 대한 홍보를 지속적으로 실시하여 소비자들이 친환경축산물의 가격형성과정을 올바르게 이해하도록 노력하고, 적정 수준의 가격을 형성하여 생산자들을 보호해야 하며, 소비자들에게는 친환경축산물만이 갖고 있는 특유의 가치를 판매한다면 생산자와 소비자 모두에게 만족을 줄 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. 셋째, 유통차별화 방안. 전문매장을 통한 차별화, 친환경축산물 전용 온라인 쇼핑몰을 통한 차별화, 대형 마트의 전용코너를 통한 차별화가 필요하다. 친환경축산물은 일반축산물과는 다르게 취급자 인증을 받은 오프라인 매장, 인터넷 쇼핑몰 등에서 판매되고 있는데 앞으로 이와 같은 매장을 늘려나갈 필요가 있다. 또한 대형마트에서 친환경축산물을 확실하게 구분하여 판매할 수 있도록 판매대를 분리하여 진열하면 효과가 클 것으로 기대된다. 넷째, 촉진차별화 방안. TV 프로그램을 활용한 판매촉진, 인터넷을 통한 정확한 정보전달, 소비자와 생산자를 직접 연결하여 품질에 대한 신뢰성을 제고하는 방안 등이 효과를 발휘할 것으로 생각된다. 설문지 조사결과에서도 밝혀졌듯이 소비자들은 친환경축산물에 대한 정보를 TV프로그램을 통해 가장 많이 얻고 있으므로 TV를 적극적으로 활용하는 것이 필요하며, 미래의 소비자를 위해서는 인터넷 또는 스마트폰을 활용할 수 있는 방안, 예를 들면, 스마트폰을 활용한 구전마케팅과 QR 코드를 통한 생산자와의 연결도 판매촉진효과가 클 것으로 생각된다.
축산 시설의 환기 시스템을 활용한 소형 보급형 풍력 발전시스템의 개발 및 평가
김흥순 건국대학교 농축대학원 2014 국내석사
풍력 에너지는 저탄소, 친환경적인 신재생 에너지원으로 각광 받고 있다. 축산시설의 경우 환기팬을 통하여 연중 지속적이고 고속의 환기류가 형성되므로 이를 이용한 풍력 에너지의 활용 방안을 제시하고 축산 농가의 운영비를 절감할 수 있는 축산 농가 보급형 소규모 풍력 발전 시스템을 개발하고자 하였다. 축산 시설에서 주로 사용되는 50인치 크기의 대형 환기팬을 대상으로 환기팬 후면에 형성되는 복잡하고 난류성의 기류를 풍속 센서를 이용한 실측, 유동 가시화 실험, 이미지 분석 등을 통하여 분석하고자 하였다. 환기팬 후면의 풍속은 약 10m/s 정도로 형성되었으며, 순간 최대 풍속의 경우 최대 12m/s 까지 상승하기도 하였으며, 약 2m 거리에서는 6.5~7.0m/s 정도로 감소하였으나, 전반적으로 안정된 풍환경이 형성되어 풍력 발전용으로 적절한 것으로 평가되었다. 풍력 터빈용 블레이드는 컴퓨터가공을 이용하여 목재와 에폭시 수지로 각각 제작하였다. 발전기는 영구자석을 사용한 동기식 3상 교류발전기를 제작하였으며, 다수의 실험을 거쳐 성능을 향상시키고자 하였다. 전력 변환부와 전력 출력부는 풍력 터빈과 발전기가 최적의 출력을 낼 수 있도록 시행착오를 거쳐 제작되었으며, 타워부는 시스템의 구조적 안정성, 경제성, 심미성 등을 고려하여 디자인하였으며 이 외에도 디스플레이, 냉각팬 등의 추가 모듈을 구성하여 제품의 완성도를 높이고자 하였다. 제작된 풍력 발전 시스템을 실제 축산 농가 현장에 적용하여 성능 시험 결과 해당 풍력 발전 시스템은 300W 수준의 안정적인 전기를 생산하는 것으로 측정되었으며 이는 환기팬이 외부로 배출하는 약 1kW 규모 미만의 에너지 중 약 30% 규모를 다시 회수하여 가용 에너지로 변환하는 것으로 평가되었다. 또한 풍력 발전 시스템의 설치에 따른 기존 환기 시스템의 부하를 측정한 결과 환기팬의 구동과 소요 전력 값의 변화가 없는 것으로 측정되었으며 환기량의 경우 약 1.5% 정도 감소되는 것으로 나타나 기존 환기 시스템의 부하에 대한 영향 정도가 미미한 것으로 판단되었다. 본 연구를 통하여 개발된 풍력 발전 시스템의 활용 방안에 대하여 다각도로 모의하고 이에 대한 경제성 분석을 실시한 결과 시스템을 통해 생산된 전기 에너지를 축산 시설 내 조명 장치와 연계하였을 때 가장 높은 경제성을 보였다. 축산 농가를 위한 소형 풍력 발전 시스템의 초기 투자비와 운영비를 고려하였을 때 비용회수기간은 약 5년으로 산출되었으며 매년 약 800,000원 정도의 이익을 발생시키는 것으로 계산되어 축산 농가의 운영비 절감을 위한 보급형 시스템으로 적절하다고 평가되었다.
Since the beginning of pork brand business, many producers' groups or companies have performed the brand business. In case of pork as of December 2009, there are 278 companies. In the meantime, the pork companies have made diverse efforts for the balanced sale in the whole parts, but are failing to accomplish effect. The future livestock brand business needs to enhance awareness of brand, to proceed with expanding dependence upon the production company of the secondarily-processed meat products in non-preferred parts, and also to escape from the distribution form with the center on the quantity supply and the operation ratio for a large distributor. In order to be continued the livestock brand business, there is necessity for proceeding with stably maintaining the foundation of production in farms by arranging a plan for the consumer satisfaction. That is because the appearance of success in business relies on how consumers recognize pork brand. Also, the production company can continue to develop stable brand business only when escaping from a request for PB and for quantity aggression of large distribution company, which threatens smooth sale and brand business in the non-preferred parts. Accordingly, to continuously develop the livestock brand business, there is necessity for considering expansion in brand from livestock brand even to the processed meat product and a selling store. The purpose of this study is to suggest the possibility of expansion into the secondary-processed meat product brand and the selling-store brand, and a plan for activating a sale of the pork brand and the secondary-processed meat product, by surveying the consumer consciousness on pork brand. This study carried out the statistical analysis side by side based on the collection of relevant materials and on the questionnaire survey. First of all, the collection of relevant materials was carried out literature survey, internet search, a visit survey, and expert-interview survey. The survey scope was limited to statistical materials such as the research documents and theses, Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, and Korea Meat Industries Association relevant to expansion in brand. The questionnaire survey was inquired into the awareness level on brand pork and the processes meat product targeting consumers who dwell in Seoul and Metropolitan Area. The surveyed questionnaire was carried out factor analysis, correlation analysis, ANOVA, and frequency analysis by using SPSS WIN 12. The composition of this study is as follows. Chapter 2 surveyed the present status of the processed pork business and the pork brand business, and the present condition of development in brand business by main company. Chapter 3 examined significance that expansion has, by inspecting theoretical background on significance and expansion in brand. The core of this study is Chapter 4. Chapter 4 selected 10 leading companies of brand management, and then hypothetically verified the properties in each of brands, the purchasing intention on the same processed meat product of using its brand livestock, and the consumer recognition on the same brand company, which specializes in selling the secondarily-processed meat product in livestock. As a result of analyzing brand properties, the consumers' awareness on pork brand was indicated to be high. However, the consumers, who aim to actually consume, were indicated to be small. Thus, the brand identity failed to be systematically implemented. Even after introduction, the brand image was indicated to fail to be recognized powerfully. It carried out factor analysis, sociality analysis among factors, and correlation analysis with having 3 hypotheses as saying that the higher in the brand image, the awareness, and the perceived quality will lead to the higher purchasing intention in consumers. To additionally grasp properties, the brand-based image was analyzed by using Semantic Differential Scale. As a result of analysis, all of 3 factors, which were extracted in all of 10 brands, were larger than 1 in eisen value and were exceeding 0.3, which is the standard for regression weight, thereby having been able to recognize it as single factor. As a result of verifying hypotheses, the correlation analysis between the brand image and the purchasing intention was shown the positive(+) correlation in the significant level of 0. Thus, Hypothesis 1 as saying that the higher image leads to the higher purchasing intention was adopted. As a result of analyzing the recognition of expanding pork brand, Hypothesis 2 as saying that the higher awareness will lead to the higher purchasing intention was adopted. Thus, the conclusion was obtained as saying that the awareness has high influence given purchasing. Even Hypothesis 3 as saying that whether the perceived quality will have influence upon purchasing was adopted. This shows that the brand-based image functions as decisive influence upon forming consumers' attitude toward specific brand. As a result of analyzing reliability in measurement items on brand asset, the reliability coefficient on the whole items was indicated to be 0.755, thereby having been able to be known to have reliability. Hypothesis 4 as saying that the higher knowledge of product leads to being more positive in expansion was adopted. However, Hypothesis 5 as saying that there will be no difference in recognizing expansion in the secondary-processed meat brand by job, academic background, and income level was dismissed. Thus, it was indicated to be likely difference in recognizing expansion in brand by job, by academic background, and by income. Both Hypothesis 6 as saying that the larger brand asset will lead to being more positive in expansion and Hypothesis 7 as saying that the larger attitude toward expansion will lead to being more positive in expansion were adopted. There was a little difference in general parts of all in 10 representative pork brands. However, it was indicated to have no mutually characteristically differentiated positioning or individuality. Accordingly, the characteristic of brand is considered to be likely to be necessarily made clearer in the future. As a result of surveying consumers' awareness, what the recognition on expansion in brand was shown to be positive indicates that the expansion in brand is necessary at the present point of time, thereby giving great suggestion to pork industry. To increase performance of expansion in brand, the positive publicity was indicated to be necessary for the properties in brand and for the features and strengths in product. There is necessity for striving even to broaden positive atmosphere by developing product available for making inroads into consumers who have negative recognition. What the expansion in brand is a positive fact reduces a burden for management in the processing/distribution section of being in charge of one role in the livestock brand business as well as promoting consumption of non-preferred parts in pork, and simultaneously can pave the way for developing overseas market due to livestock disease. In this sense, it is considered to have great significance. In this way, an effort of the brand management body for expansion in brand arranges an opportunity of consumers' change in awareness of pork industry as well as bringing about positive result called development in pork industry, and further lets pig farms to know that implementation of stable management foundation is important. In this sense, it can be said to be significant. 축산물브랜드사업이 시작된 이후로 많은 생산자단체나 기업들이 브랜드사업을 수행하여 왔으며 2009년 12월 현재 돈육의 경우는 278개의 업체가 생성되었다. 축산물브랜드사업이 지속되기 위해서는 소비자의 욕구나 경향을 파악하여 그에 대응해 나아가는 것이 필요한데 이것은 결국 농가의 생산기반을 안정적으로 유지해 나가도록 하는데 큰 밑거름이 된다. 따라서 소비자가 브랜드를 어떻게 인지하고 향후 소비자의 경향이 어떻게 나타나느냐에 따라 사업의 성공여부가 달려 있다는 것에 기초하여 축산물브랜드사업에서 지속발전의 방안으로의 육가공품과 판매장사업에도 브랜드의 확장을 고려해야 한다는 것이다. 그리하여 본 연구의 목적은 돈육브랜드에 대한 소비자의식을 조사하여 돈육브랜드의 2차육가공품 브랜드와 판매장브랜드로의 확장이 소비자에게 의미가 있고 또 돈육브랜드사업에 위협이 되는 소비불균형에서 오는 비선호 부위의 적극적 소진 방안과 중/대형 매장의 pb 및 상식이하의 저가제품공급요구의 해결방안으로써 돈육브랜드와 그것으로 만든 2차육가공품 제조 및 판매 활성화 방안으로 2차육가공품과 판매장으로의 브랜드 확장을 제시하는 것이다. 본 논문은 관련자료 수집, 설문조사에 근거한 통계분석을 병행하였는데, 먼저 관련자료 수집은 문헌조사, 인터넷검색, 방문조사, 전문가 면접조사를 실시하였고, 설문조사는 서울 및 수도권에 거주하는 소비자를 대상으로 브랜드 돈육과 육가공품에 대한 인식의 정도를 조사하였다. 또한 선도 돈육 브랜드경영체 10곳을 선정하여 브랜드들의 속성과 그 브랜드축산물들을 이용한 동일 육가공품에 대한 구매의사와 축산물, 2차육가공품을 전문으로 판매하는 브랜드에 대한 소비자인식을 분석하였다. 브랜드속성 분석결과, 브랜드의 이미지, 지명도, 지각된 품질이 높을수록 소비자의 구매의도가 높을 것이란 3가지 가설은 모두 채택되었는데, 이것은 특정브랜드에 대한 소비자의 태도형성에 브랜드별 이미지가 결정적인 영향요인으로 작용함을 나타내는 것이며, 또 돈육브랜드에 대한 소비자 인지도는 높은 것으로 나타났지만, 실제로 소비하고자 하는 소비자는 적게 나와 브랜드 아이덴티티구축의 체계적이지 못함으로 인해 브랜드 이미지가 강하게 인식되지 못한 것으로 나타났다. 브랜드 확장에 대한 가설검증 결과, 지식이 높을수록, 확장에 대해 긍정적이란 가설 4는 채택되었지만, 2차 육가공 브랜드 확장에 인식에 대한 직업, 학력, 소득수준 별 차이가 없을 것이라는 가설 5는 기각되어 직업별, 학력별, 소득별로 브랜드확장 인식에 차이가 있을 것으로 나타났다. 브랜드자산이 클수록 브랜드 확장에 대해 긍정적일 것이란 가설 6 및 확장 태도가 클수록 브랜드 확장에 적극적이라는 가설 7도 채택되었다. 돈육브랜드 10개 모두 일반적인 부분에서 차이가 다소 있었으나 차별적특징이 없어, 브랜드의 특성을 좀 더 명확히 해야 할 것으로 사료된다. 소비자 인식 조사결과, 브랜드 확장에 대한 인식이 긍정적으로 나타난 것은, 현 시점에서 브랜드확장이 필요하다는 것을 나타내는 것으로 돈육산업에 시사하는 바가 크며, 브랜드확장의 성과를 증대시키기 위해서는 브랜드 속성과 제품의 특징 및 장점에 대한 적극적 홍보가 필요한 것으로 나타났으며, 부정적인 인식을 갖고 있는 소비자들을 공략할 수 있는 제품을 개발하여 긍정적인 분위기를 넓이는 데도 노력해야 한다. 브랜드확장이 긍정적이라는 사실은 돈육의 비선호부위 소비촉진은 물론, 축산물 브랜드사업에 일익을 담당하는 가공/유통부문에 경영부담을 줄여줌과 동시에, 가축질병으로 인한 해외시장 개척을 쉽게 해 줄 수 있다는 점에서 의의가 크다고 여겨진다. 이와 같이 브랜드확장에 대한 브랜드경영체의 노력은 돈육산업 발전이라는 긍정적인 결과를 가져올 뿐만 아니라, 돼지고기에 대한 소비자 인식 전환의 계기를 마련하고, 나아가 양돈농가들로 하여금 안정적 사육기반을 제공한다는 것에 있어서 상당히 중요하다 하겠다.