도시숲을 활용한 산림치유 프로그램의 심리적 효과 - 인천대공원 관모산을 중심으로 -

박숙현 충북대학교 2021 국내박사

도시민들은 소음, 대기오염 등 각종 환경문제로 심리적·생리적 질병의 유발 가능성을 안고 산다. 이로 인해 질병 예방 및 건강증진 장소로서 숲에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 특히 도시숲은 접근이 쉽고 심신에 안정과 편안함을 주며, 일상의 스트레스를 해소하는 등 치유공간으로 활용되고 있다. 따라서 여러 계층의 이용자들이 도시숲을 찾고 있어 도시민의 건강증진을 위한 체계적인 산림치유 프로그램이 필요하다. 최근 숲을 이용하는 중재프로그램의 연구가 이루어지면서 긍정적인 효과가 보고되고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 도시숲의 주된 이용층인 가족, 중년여성, 직장인 남성을 대상으로 맞춤형 산림치유 프로그램을 개발하고 적용하여 심리적 효과를 규명하였다. 도시숲을 활용한 산림치유 프로그램은 ADDIE 모형을 적용하여 분석, 설계, 개발, 실행, 평가의 5단계에 따라 개발하였다. 가족, 중년여성, 직장인 남성의 요구도 분석 및 심리·사회적 특성과 문제 양상을 확인하고 도시숲의 치유자원과 환경요소를 토대로 구조화하여 중재 내용을 구성하였다. 본 연구의 대상자는 인천대공원 관모산에서 진행되는 가족과 중년여성 산림치유 프로그램에 참여 의사를 밝힌 참여자를 대상으로 하였고, 직장인 남성은 소방서와의 기관협약으로 대상자를 선정하였다. 실험은 2018년 4월부터 2019년 10월까지 진행되었고, 가족은 부모와 자녀를 대상으로 21가족(65명), 중년여성은 40~65세의 여성으로 45명, 직장인 남성은 소방공무원을 대상으로 73명이 최종적으로 참여하였다. 산림치유 프로그램의 심리적 효과를 알아보기 위하여 단일군 전·후 실험설계를 사용하여 참여자의 프로그램체험 전후의 효과를 평가하였다. 가족은 가족응집력과 가족관계, 중년여성은 자아존중감, 심리적행복감, 갱년기 증상을, 소방공무원은 직무스트레스, 외상후 스트레스 장애, 우울감 개선 효과를 평가하였고, 프로그램 만족도를 조사하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 가족 산림치유 프로그램 참여자는 가족응집력과 가족관계 변화에서 모두 유의한 개선 효과가 있었다. 둘째, 중년여성 산림치유 프로그램 참여자는 자아존중감, 심리적행복감에서 유의한 개선 효과가 있었고, 갱년기 증상은 유의하게 감소하였다. 셋째, 소방공무원 산림치유 프로그램 참여자는 직무스트레스, 외상후 스트레스, 우울감에서 유의한 개선 효과가 있었다. 넷째, 프로그램 만족도에서는 가족과 중년여성이 직장인보다 전반적인 만족도와 재방문 의사가 높았다. 가족과 중년여성은 ‘프로그램 구성내용’과 ‘산림치유지도사의 진행’이, 소방공무원은 ‘프로그램 구성내용’이 전반적 만족도에 유의미한 영향을 미쳤다. 연구결과 도시숲을 활용한 산림치유 프로그램이 가족응집력을 높이고 가족관계를 개선하며, 중년여성의 자아존중감과 심리적행복감 향상 및 갱년기 증상을 완화하고, 소방공무원의 직무스트레스와 외상후 스트레스 및 우울감 완화 등 심리적 변화에 긍정적 효과가 있음을 확인하였다. 이렇듯 도시생활에서 받은 스트레스를 생활권 도시숲에서 산림치유 프로그램을 통해 효과적으로 관리하면 질병 예방과 정신건강 회복 효과가 있을 것으로 기대된다. 아울러 본 연구의 결과가 도시숲 이용 활성화 및 도시숲에서 산림치유 활동을 보다 구체적이고, 지속적이며 쉽게 적용할 수 있는 기초자료로 활용되기를 기대한다. Urban residents live with the possibility of causing psychological and physiological diseases due to various environmental problems such as noise, air pollution, etc. As a result, interest in forests is increasing as a place for disease prevention and health promotion. In particular, urban forests are used as healing spaces for easy access, providing stability and comfort to the mind and body, and relieving daily stress. Therefore, various levels of users are looking for urban forests, and a systematic forest therapy program is needed to improve the health of urban residents. As studies on intervention programs using forests have recently been conducted, positive effects have been reported. Therefore, in this study, the psychological effects were investigated by developing and applying a customized urban forest-based forest therapy program targeting family groups, middle-aged women, and office workers who are the main users of urban forests. The urban forest-based forest therapy program was developed according to the five stages of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation by applying the ADDIE model. The needs of families, middle-aged women, and office workers were analyzed, psycho-social characteristics and problem patterns were identified, and the contents of intervention were structured based on the therapy resources and environmental factors of urban forests. This study was conducted with participants for families and middle-aged women who wanted to participate in the forest therapy program at Gwanmosan in Incheon Grand Park. The participants for office workers were chosen in the fire departments which agreed with Incheon City. The experiment was conducted from April in 2018 to Octover in 2019 with 21 families (65 people), 45 women aged from 40 to 65 and 73 firefighters. In order to investigate the psychological effects of the urban forest-based forest therapy program, the effect of participants before and after the program experience was evaluated using the experimental design before and after of a single group. Family cohesion and family relations for family groups, self-esteem, psychological well-being and menopausal symptoms for middle-aged women and job stress, post-traumatic stress disorder, and depression for firefighters were evaluated and participants' satisfaction with the program was investigated. The results of this study are as follows. First, the family participants of the forest therapy program had shown a significant improvement in both family cohesion and family relationship. Second, the middle-aged woman participants had shown a significant improvement in self-esteem and psychological well-being, and a significant decrease in menopausal symptoms. Third, firefighter participants had shown a significant decrease in job stress, post-traumatic stress and depression. Fourth, in terms of program satisfaction, families and middle-aged women had shown higher overall satisfaction and revisit intention than firefighters. The high satisfaction of family members and middle-aged women have been effected by a “program content” and “forest therapy instructor’s progress,” and of firefighters by a “program content”. As a result of the study, it is identified that an urban forest-based forest therapy program improves family cohesion and family relations of families, improves self-esteem, psychological well-being and menopausal symptoms of middle-aged women and have positively effected on job stress, post-traumatic stress and depression of firefighters. As such, effective management of stress from urban life through forest therapy programs is expected to be effective in preventing diseases and restoring mental health. In addition, it is expected that the results of this study will be used as basic data that can be applied more concretely, continuously, and easily in urban forest use and forest therapy activities.

출산정책의 문제점 및 향후 개선 방향 연구

박숙현 韓國外國語大學校 政治行政言論大學院 2015 국내석사

Problems in and Future Improvement Directions for Childbirth Policy The Republic of Korea is aging most quickly in the world, as seen in the super low total fertility rates of 1.3 or fewer children. By 2020, South Korea will hit the demographic cliff when production population decreases on a full scale, as baby boomers are incorporated into the elderly generation (Directions for 3rd Master Plan against Low-Birth Aging Society, 2015). This prognosis raises the worry of failure in sustainable development by economic recession etc. Even if a birth rate recovery occurs, there is a time difference by the time when newborn population enters into economic activities and alleviates social caregiving burden. Therefore, it is necessary to take urgent measures (1st Master Plan against Low-Birth Aging Society (draft), 2006). Approximately 60 trillion KRW have been invested into policies to ease low fertility since 2006, but there has been no rise in birth rate. The 3rd master plan against the low-birth aging society is being currently worked out. The 3rd master plan is to be implemented from 2016 through 2020, the last five years of low caregiving burden. As the period is called a golden time for increasing birth rates, any effective policy should be drawn up to succeed in achieving the target (Directions for 3rd Master Plan against Low-Birth Aging Society, 2015). South Korea has been fixed as a low-fertility country mainly because strong birth control policies were carried out from the 1960s on. As a result, a birth rate reached 2.08 children which fall short of 2.1 children, a population alternative level. Nonetheless, the ROK government continued to go ahead with the birth control policy, thus making it impossible to touch off the second baby boom. At last, the population control policy led to a birth rate of around 1.6 children. It was not until June 1996 that the government entered into a population quality improvement period. It is a great regret that the government did not promptly switch its policy into a birth encouragement mode at that time. If any birth encouragement policy had been executed as in France, it could have prevented the current serious super low birth. In the population quality improvement period, the government implemented policies for maternal protection, gender balance etc based on low birth maintenance for socio-economic development. In this period, the plasticity principle of birth control policy worked, and preference for a small number of children was dominant among people, who were ready to practice contraception on their own initiative. In addition, fertility rates dropped more after the IMF crisis in 1997, and super low birth rates of 1.3 or fewer children lasted from 2001 on, as women received high level education and entered into society. At last, a birth encouragement policy began to be enforced in 2006, but people had already been accustomed to low marriage rate, late marriage, late childbearing etc. Population aging forces a nation to lose its growth energy with decrease in producible population, labor population aging, increase in supporting expenses for the elderly, economic recession etc. This study intended to design a method to get over the lingering low birth in the long run. Preceding studies indicate that one's will to marry and give birth is affected by unstable employment, private tutoring, dual burden of work and family, gender equality etc. The chronic low birth should be overcome with a strong will through population education, private tutoring punishment, and so on. In particular, South Korea is asked to implement any practical policy by expanding a childbirth budget drastically, like France which does not allow couples to avoid childbirth for an economic reason by giving allowances, e.g. family allowance given till twenty years of age in case of two or more children.

朝鮮初期 寺刹造營에서 僧 學悅, 學祖의 監董活動에 관한 硏究

박현숙 부산대학교 2002 국내석사

Cytotoxic constituents of the marine sponge petrosia sp. : 해면 Petrosia sp.의 세포독성 성분 연구

박현숙 부산대학교 대학원 2002 국내박사

해양 생물 중에서 생리활성 물질의 출현 빈도가 높아 천연물화학적으로 중요한 위치를 차지하고 있는 해면동물 중 한국 거문도 해역에서 채집한 Petrosia s.을 가지고 유의성 있는 세포독성 성분을 탐색하였다. 그 결과 2종의 acetylenic enol ether of glyceride와 pregnane 유도체 등을 분리하였다. 이들의 구조는 1D NMR과 2D NMR 그리고 MASS 데이터의 분석을 기초로 하여 동정되었다. 두 종류의 glyceride는 유의성 있는 세포 독성을 보여 주었으며, 2번 화합물의 경우 세부적으로 DNA 복제 억제 효과를 살펴 본 결과 125 μM의 농도에서도 완전한 억제 효과를 나타내었다. 그러므로 화합물 2의 세포독성은 DNA 복제를 차단하는 작용으로부터 기인함을 유추해 볼 수 있다.

Dialogue journals : An investigations of the effects on writing skills and writing apprehension in novice L2 learners

박현숙 韓國外國語大學校 大學院 2011 국내석사

English writing instruction has been emphasized to be practically used in the EFL context. However, writing in L2 is a complicated process in each English classroom in Korean secondary schools. There are a lot of limitations to implement what in a language classroom even though teachers know the importance of writing instruction. Thus, the goal of this study is to examine how dialogue journal writing affects writing skills and writing apprehension in novice writers of L2 English. The changes of perceptions in dialogue journal writing were also dealt with. The present study was conducted at a middle school with eight novice L2 writers about for 13 weeks, from May to August including writing instructional stage. Pre-and post-writing tests, pre-and post-writing apprehension test, and pre-and post- questionnaires were done in order to analyze. During the in-class, storybooks were used as materials and participants wrote dialogue journals as homework every week. The instructor gave feedback on contents but on not grammatical errors in order not to give any pressure to write. The result showed that the dialogue journal writing was effective especially to lower-level novice learners. The analysis results of the participants categorized three groups. Three students who were relatively fluent in English based on the pre-and post-tests improved writing accuracy but not writing fluency. Other three students who were relatively not fluent improved writing fluency and writing accuracy. Especially, their writing fluency was dramatically improved. However, the rest of the participants did not show any changes. In terms of writing apprehension, six to eight participants lowered writing apprehension. Although this study is a descriptive thesis, it might offer meaningful suggestions that the dialogue journal writing can be implemented in a language classroom. Further study needs to follow in order to make up for the difficulties of this program.

Numerical and experimental studies on surface peening behaviors of 6061 T6 Al sheet processed by ultrasonic nanocrystal surface modification

박현욱 Pusan National University 2019 국내석사

UNSM (Ultrasonic Nanocrystal Surface Modification) can induce surface hardening and compressive residual stress on the surface by striking metal surface with static force, ultrasonic vibration in the hard micro WC-tip. This is a type of "surface micro cold forging" technique. In this study, a numerical and experimental approach was taken to the local deformation behavior of the surface caused by a UNSM strike. Using finite element analysis (ABAQUS Dynamic/Explicit), the striking control of the micro-tip was divided into displacement-controlled and force-controlled, comparing the distribution of residual stress and strain field after 300 strikes on the 6061 T6 Al sheet. Here, the strain field distribution and surface morphology in strain hardening have different results. With experimental approaches, observing the surface morphology of a single path UNSM-treated sheet is similar to simulation results of a force-controlled striking. This confirms that the strain field distribution takes place on the sheet, such as a force-controlled striking, and that the strain hardening exponent and strain rate sensitivity of the metallic materials are variables that affect the local deformation behavior during a UNSM strike.