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ATM상에서의 멀티미디어 데이터 전송 서브시스템의 구현
오해석,이근왕 崇實大學校 生産技術硏究所 1996 論文集 Vol.26 No.1
We can save the moving time for taking park in meeting through the remote coferencing system. We can quickly make a decision by using video conferencing system in real-time. In this paper, we designed an prototype model of multimedia Data Transmission Subsystem on ATM. The desigend system is compased of audio server, video server, adn document server, adn they formulate audio subsystem, video sybsystem, and document subsystem respectively. The result of this paper can provide bse technology of implementing conferencing system, which may be enough to develop multimedia conferencing system for using voices, still images, full motion images in communication protocol.
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王仁槿,權五復 서울大學校 農科大學 1986 서울대농학연구지 Vol.11 No.1
The purpose of this paper is to overally analyze and examine some major derermining factors of the Sub-Saharan Africa's food production as part of a larger study primarily conducted by the second author through literature study approach. Significance of the study may lie in the fact that many latecomer developing countries in the Black African Continent have been seriously suffering from hunger and even famine, that the agricultural food production is the core of the agricultural and rural development in many of these countries, that the agricultural and rural development may be approximated to the national development itself in many countries, and that Africa as the major pocket of serious poverty and un-development of the world today is, manifestly and potentially, significantly concerned with national interests of Korea as an emerging donor firstcomer developing country in international assistance-cum-cooperation, in particular for agricultural and rural development. Five major categories of the determining factors of the food production have been selectively identified, problem- or constraint-wise. They are colonization antecedents, environments and resources, national development policy decision-makings including, of course, those of the agriculural and rural development, land tenure system, and technology and productivity. The relatively long colonization experiences by European powers the African countries had to historically undergo have had such impacts upon the food production as: the divergent use of the African native labor of the productive age bracket in mines and plantations owned and managed by Europeans of the colonizing countries, depriving the rural areas of the agricultural labor needed, plunder of good arable lands by European colonizers that were used to be cultivated for producing staple food grains, implementation of agricultural policies with special emphasis on export crops with the result of a typical monoculture farming skewedly developed, and introduction of the economic dualism. The major physical or natural environments that affect significantly the good production may be: frequent haunting of serious and wide-spread droughts in recent years, and the 'tse-tse fly' damage the extent of which, area-wise, has been estimated at nearly one-thirds of the Black African Content. Population and livestock have been rapidly increasing, resulting in ultimate consequences of deterioration of land fertility and desertification. The irrigation level is the lowest in the world, and agricultural population and economically active population in agriculture have a tendency to increase over the years, which, however, are falling behind the increasing rate of the total population. As a result, agricultural population is decreasing, relatively and absolutely. National development policies of most countries have tended to put priority on urban and industrial sectors, and agricultural policies have been concentrated on export and cash crops, neglecting food production for domestic consumption for a long time. In most cases, agricultural commodity prices have been maintained rather at a lower level, providing small farmers with little or no incentives for increased food production. Marketing functions of agricultural produce and inputs have been in the hands of governments or the public sector to have badly inappropriate performance. Traditional land tenure systems have been of communal type, allowing individuals or families to have only the usufruct, not the right of transaction, transfer or lease of lands. The traditional land tenure system, consequently, has been considered to discourage farmers' incentives for land improvement, investment in land, and flexibility in land management. The badly low level of technologies of food production and agricultural productivity at a very low level, as a result, have been noted, contributing to the lagged food production. The quantity of chemical fertilizers being used and the degree of mechanization have been very low. Damages of food crops by some exogenous crop pests have been increasing as foreign food imports have been on the increase, and the post-harvest loss of food is found high. The demand or consumption aspect of food also impinges upon the production or supply aspect, usually considered as another major derermining factor category. In this regard, however, analysis and examination of this aspect should be beyond the scope of this paper, too important to be dealt with in this paper. Therefore, with a very limited view to complementing the analysis and examination of the major determining factors of food production, the following may be summarized: over the past decade, food demand has been increasing by more than 3 percent on the average while food production by less than 2 percent annually, the most important contributing factor for the increased demand being the population increase; the impact of income may be considered as negligible; but changes in food consumption patterns seem to be a contributing factor. Alleviation or removal of major constraints of food production so far identified, or solution of Africa's food problems, may be duly considered formidable challenges at least in the foreseeably near future as long as the countries' self-generating and indigenous capacity is concerned. They need stepped-up external development assistance and cooperation primarily in the form of the efficient and effective international agricultural and rural development technology transfer.
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글루타민酸 醱酵副産液을 原料로 한 有機質 複合肥料의 製造
吳旺根,朴鍾河 서울市立大學校 1984 論文集 Vol.18 No.-
Glutamic Acid Fermentation By-product liquid (GAFBL) contains high nitrogen (4.0 %) and organic matter (31 %) so that it could be used as a source of organic compound fertilizer. A large quantity of moisture (62.3 %) in the GAFBL requires a great deal of energy in the process of concentration and dehydration of the material. This work aimed at solidifying the GAFBL with the heat evolved when the GAFBL was treated with concentrated sulfuric acid (88.8 %), fused phosphate (P?O? : 16.1 %) and ammonia (Anhydride) respectively during the period of material processings. Results obtained are as follows: 1. The heavier the acidulation of the GAFBL, the greater the removal of moisture from the GAFBL. The rate of moisture evaporation, however, grew in curvature form as the acidulation became heavier. 2. Mixing fused phosphate to the acidulated GAFBL also reduced moisture content of the latter and solidified it when the mixing rate of the fused phosphate was increased. 3. Ammoniation of the friable mixture of acidulated GAFBL and fused phosphate brought further dehydration of the product. Total evaporation of moisture at above mentioned three successive processing stages ranged 16.5% to 23.6% against the sum of the water in GAFBL and sulfuric acid. 4. The minimum requirement of sulfuric acid (88.8%) and fused phosphate for the solidification of 10ml GAFBL were 2ml and 4g respectively. The final compounds which were ammonified after the solidification showed less than pH=6.5 and contained 5.6% total nitrogen and 2.10% soluble phosphate in weak acid, amounting about 9% in it's total available plant nutrients. The requirement of GAFBL, 88.8% sulfuric acid, and fused phosphate for the manufacture of one ton of such solid compound were 660kg, 200kg and 220kg respectively.
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