Kinetics, isothermal and mechanistic insight into the adsorption of eosin yellow and malachite green from water via tri-metallic layered double hydroxide nanosheets

Muhammad Altaf Nazir,Tayyaba Najam,Muhammad Sohail Bashir,Muhammad Sufyan Javed,Muhammad Aswad Bashir,Muhammad Imran,Umair Azhar,Syed Shoaib Ahmad Shah,Aziz ur Rehman 한국화학공학회 2022 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.39 No.1

The use of highly efficient, environment-friendly and economically inexpensive materials for the adsorption removal of contaminants from water has always been considered as emerging task. In this study, we synthesized hybrid tri-metallic nickel cobalt layered double hydroxide (NiCoAl-LDH) porous material for the adsorption removal of Eosin yellow (EY) and Malachite green (MG) from water. The characterization results disclosed that tri-metallic LDH has been synthesized with extraordinary purity, identical morphology and high surface area (134.21 m2·g−1). The NiCoAl-LDH performs the best for adsorption of EY (qe=37.30mg·g−1 at pH=2) and MG (qe=39.61 mg·g−1 at pH=10). The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were applied to explain the adsorption process of dyes on the surface of LDH. The Langmuir model (R2=0.991 and 0.999 for Eosin Y and Malachite G, respectively) was very appropriate to explain the process of adsorption on NiCoAl-LDH as homogeneous (monolayer). The maximum adsorption capacity of EY and MG calculated with Langmuir model was 78.74 and 110.13 mg·g−1 at 30 °C, respectively. Also with 240 minutes contact time 94.8% EY and 89.9% MG was adsorbed by as synthesized NiCoAl-LDH nanosheets. The NiCoAl-LDH nanosheets showed excellent performance of reusability of up to five regeneration cycles. The results showed that the adsorption capacity of NiCoAl-LDH nanosheets after five regeneration cycles, to adsorb EY, decreased only from 40.80 to 36.93 mg·g−1 and that of MG from 79.21 to 75.42 mg·g−1, which is acceptable. The overall results Suggest that the fabricated NiCoAl-LDH is favorable for the purification of dye contaminated water.

Topology-Based Flow-Oriented Adaptive Network Coding-Aware Routing Scheme for VANETs

( Muhammad Azhar Iqbal ),( Bin Dai ),( Muhammad Arshad Islam ),( Muhammad Aleem ),( Nguyen-son Vo ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2018 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.12 No.5

Information theory progression along with the advancements being made in the field of Vehicular Ad hoc NETworks (VANETs) supports the use of coding-aware opportunistic routing for efficient data forwarding. In this work, we propose and investigate an adaptive coding-aware routing scheme in a specific VANET scenario known as a vehicular platoon. Availability of coding opportunities may vary with time and therefore, the accurate identification of available coding opportunities at a specific time is a quite challenging task in the highly dynamic scenario of VANETs. In the proposed approach, while estimating the topology of the network at any time instance, a forwarding vehicle contemplates the composition of multiple unicast data flows to encode the correct data packets that can be decoded successfully at destinations. The results obtained by using OMNeT++ simulator reveal that higher throughput can be achieved with minimum possible packet transmissions through the proposed adaptive coding-aware routing approach. In addition, the proposed adaptive scheme outperforms static transmissions of the encoded packets in terms of coding gain, transmission percentage, and encoded packet transmission. To the best of our knowledge, the use of coding-aware opportunistic routing has not been exploited extensively in available literature with reference to its implications in VANETs.

Genome-wide identification and expression analyses of WRKY transcription factor family members from chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) reveal their role in abiotic stress-responses

Muhammad Waqas,Muhammad Tehseen Azhar,Iqrar Ahmad Rana,Farrukh Azeem,Muhammad Amjad Ali,Muhammad Amjad Nawaz,정규화,Rana Muhammad Atif 한국유전학회 2019 Genes & Genomics Vol.41 No.4

Background WRKY proteins play a vital role in the regulation of several imperative plant metabolic processes and pathways, especially under biotic and abiotic stresses. Although WRKY genes have been characterized in various major crop plants, their identification and characterization in pulse legumes is still in its infancy. Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is the most important pulse legume grown in arid and semi-arid tropics. Objective In silico identification and characterization of WRKY transcription factor-encoding genes in chickpea genome. Methods For this purpose, a systematic genome-wide analysis was carried out to identify the non-redundant WRKY transcription factors in the chickpea genome. Results We have computationally identified 70 WRKY-encoding non-redundant genes which were randomly distributed on all the chickpea chromosomes except chromosome 8. The evolutionary phylogenetic analysis classified the WRKY proteins into three major groups (I, II and III) and seven sub-groups (IN, IC, IIa, IIb, IIc, IId and IIe). The gene structure analysis revealed the presence of 2–7 introns among the family members. Along with the presence of absolutely conserved signatory WRKY domain, 19 different domains were also found to be conserved in a group-specific manner. Insights of gene duplication analysis revealed the predominant role of segmental duplications for the expansion of WRKY genes in chickpea. Purifying selection seems to be operated during the evolution and expansion of paralogous WRKY genes. The transcriptome data-based in silico expression analysis revealed the differential expression of CarWRKY genes in root and shoot tissues under salt, drought, and cold stress conditions. Moreover, some of these genes showed identical expression pattern under these stresses, revealing the possibility of involvement of these genes in conserved abiotic stress–response pathways. Conclusion This genome-wide computational analysis will serve as a base to accelerate the functional characterization of WRKY TFs especially under biotic and abiotic stresses.

Mimicking unfolding motion of a beetle hind wing

Muhammad, Azhar,Park, Hoon C.,Hwang, Do Y.,Byun, Doyoung,Goo, Nam S. Springer-Verlag 2009 Chinese science bulletin Vol.54 No.14

Remarkable 4 Nitrophenol Degradation and Mineralization Performance Using Simple-Fabricated Oxygen Vacancy-Rich Copper Oxide/Peroxymonosulfate Photocatalytic System

Azhar Muhammad Hanif Ainun,Alhammadi Salh,강도형,김우경 한국화학공학회 2026 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.43 No.7

Inducing intrinsic oxygen vacancies (VO) through structural engineering, rather than relying on complex doping or heterostructure formation, represents a novel and simplified strategy in developing high-efficiency catalyst. In this work, we report a facile and scalable chemical precipitation route to synthesize copper (II) oxide (CuO) nanorods (NRs) characterized by an unprecedented density of VO defects. These NRs serve as an extraordinary activator for peroxymonosulfate (PMS) in a sulfate (SO•− 4 ) radical-based advanced oxidation process (AOP). The CuO-PMS synergy achieved significant degradation of 10 ppm of 4-nitrophenol (4NP), reaching 84.47% degradation and 88.11% total organic carbon (TOC) mineralization within 5 min. With only small doses of 0.1 g/L CuO and 0.65 mM PMS, the system further achieved 95.36% degradation and 91.39% mineralization of the same sample. This high performance is attributed to the synergy of lower crystallinity, higher surface area, and greater VO defects presence in the NRs compared to bulk CuO. The system operated effectively under normal to low-alkaline pH conditions, exhibiting a high capacity to oxidize higher 4NP doses, demonstrating excellent reusability, and a wide applicability range for various pollutants. Singlet oxygen (1O2) has been identified as the main driver of the oxidation process, as confirmed by scavenger tests. This study provides a pivotal blueprint for the design of defect-rich binary metal oxides, offering a pragmatic yet powerful solution for high-performance wastewater remediation.

Isoalantolactone, a sesquiterpene lactone, induces apoptosis in SGC-7901 cells via mitochondrial and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt signaling pathways

Azhar Rasul,Muhammad Khan,Bo Yu,Muhammad Ali,Yang Jing Bo,Hong Yang,Tonghui Ma 대한약학회 2013 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.36 No.10

Isoalantolactone, a sesquiterpene lactone, possessesanti-fungal as well as cytotoxic properties. In thisstudy, the effects of Isoalantolactone on cell viability, cellcycle, and apoptosis were investigated in human gastricadenocarcinoma SGC-7901 cells. The results demonstratedthat Isoalantolactone induced morphological changes anddecreased cell viability. Subsequently, we found that Isoalantolactoneinduced G2/M and S phase arrest, which wasassociated with a decrease in the expression level of cyclinB1. Apoptosis triggered by Isoalantolactone was visualizedusing propidium iodide (PI) and Annexin V-FITC/PIstaining. Isoalantolactone-induced apoptosis of SGC-7901cells was associated with the dissipation of mitochondrialmembrane potential (DWm) that was due to the down-regulationof Bcl-2 and up-regulation of Bax that led to thecleavage of caspase-3. Additionally, it was found thatIsoalantolactone was involved in the inhibition of phosphorylationof PI3K/Akt. Isoalantolactone-induced cytotoxicityand apoptosis of SGC-7901 cells involvemitochondria-caspase and PI3K/Akt dependent pathways,which gives the rationale for in vivo studies on the utilizationof Isoalantolactone as a potential cancer therapeuticcompound.

Synthesis and mechanical characterization of alumina based composite material for armor application

Muhammad Shahid,Rizwan Ahmed Malik,Hussein Alrobei,Jaehwan Kim,Muhammad Latif,Azhar Hussaina,Muhammad Uzair Iqbal,Azeem Hafiz 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2021 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.22 No.2

This study focuses on development of advance ceramic with improved toughness which can be used as armor material forpersonnel protection. Toughness is the characteristics that defines material resistance to fracture. Ceramics are important classof materials with combination of good strength, toughness and with stand multiple-striking. In this study, three differentsamples i.e. alumina, Zirconia toughened alumina (ZTA), and alumina incorporated with SiC (SiCA); hexagonal shapesamples were made by dry pressing and sintered at 1600 oC in argon atmosphere. Microstructural characterization: SEM andOptical microscopy demonstrated fine grain size distribution in matrix phase. BSE images confirmed the presence of ZrO2particles. High porosity of about 6.35% was observed in SiCA samples. EDX analysis confirms the composition. Mechanicalcharacterization showed improved toughness at the expense of hardness. SiCA samples showed maximum value of hardnesswhile ZTA showed maximum toughness of 4.6 MPa·m1/2. The obtained properties are comparable to other ceramic materialsprepared by different methods.

Synthesis of ZnSe by Green Chemical Precipitation Method for Photocatalytic Application

Muhammad Hanif Ainun Azhar,Salh Alhammadi,Vasudeva Reddy Minnam Reddy,Woo Kyoung Kim 한국에너지학회 2022 한국에너지공학회 학술발표회 Vol.2022 No.4

Toxic potential of some indigenous plant oils against the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (Linnaeus)

Hafiz Azhar Ali KHAN,Waseem AKRAM,이수미,Taskeen AHMAD,Kamran MAQSOOD,Hassan Ali KHAN,Muhammad Waqas NAZIR,Muhammad Faisal JAVAID 한국곤충학회 2019 Entomological Research Vol.49 No.3

The present study was conducted to evaluate the toxic potential of five indigenous plant oils: black pepper (Piper nigrum), Chinese cinnamon (Cinnamomum cassia), garlic (Allium sativum), river red gum (Eucalyptus camaldulensis), and yellow oleander (Thevetia peruviana), against laboratory reared Sitophilus oryzae adults. The bioassays were done by the diet incorporation method with concentrations ranging from 50 ppm to 500 ppm. Based on lethal concentrations to kill 50% (LC50) of the subjected weevils, T. peruviana proved to be the most toxic having the lowest LC50 values, 414.58, 201.94, and 129.52 ppm, after 7, 14, and 21 days of exposure, respectively, followed by E. camaldulensis (475.51, 366.65, and 251.28 ppm, respectively). The rest of the plant oils also showed toxic potential, but these were less toxic compared with T. peruviana and E. camaldulensis. With respect to the time taken to cause 50% mortality (LT50) of the exposed weevils, T. peruviana had LT50 at 14.54 days followed by P. nigrum (22.09 days), E. camaldulensis (24.29 days), and C. cassia (28.71 days). Whereas, A. sativum took the longest time (44.47 days) to cause 50% mortality of the exposed weevils. In conclusion, the result revealed toxic potential of tested plant oils, and suggests further studies under simulated-field conditions should be included in the management plan for S. oryzae.

Hexagonal boron nitride-based composites: an overview of processing approaches and mechanical properties

Abdul Karim Muhammad Ramzan,Khan Muhammad Awais,Zaman Atteeq Uz,Hussain Azhar 한국세라믹학회 2023 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.60 No.1

Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN)-based composites have been gaining prominence due to their versatile and significantly improved properties. For example they have good strength, better thermal conductivity, excellent resistance to thermal shocks and high temperatures, molten metal erosion resistance, ablation resistance, excellent machinability, good lubricating and chemical inertness. Owing to its excellent comprehensive properties, h-BN has significant potential applications in the fields of electronics, machinery, aerospace, nuclear energy, and metallurgy. Current article, first tries to critically review the literature, mainly published in the last decade, exploring the peculiar crystal structure and enhanced properties of h-BN and then various h-BN-based ceramics and its composites with oxides, nitrides, carbides, metals, and complex ceramics have been discussed based on their fabrication methods, mechanical properties, and the resultant applications. As per the reviewed results, hot pressing results in enhanced mechanical properties such as fracture toughness and flexural strength owing to the incorporation of BN by in situ reaction, which prevents BN agglomeration and reduces the size and quantity of defects. In contrast, the pressureless sintering method is reported to cause poor mechanical properties as compared to other fabrication methods of h-BN ceramics due to large porosity and poor bonding between h-BN grains caused by the forming of card room structure. Consequently, the green body's shrinkage is obstructed, and the expansion is occurred during the sintering process. All these aspects have been discussed in detail and they are the part of this review article.