蘆溪歌辭의 方言學的 考察

최종용 東亞大學校 大學院 1977 국내석사

Hegel의 절대정신과 기독교신관

최종용 장로회신학대학 1990 국내석사

재고관리를 통한 원가절감 방안에 관한 연구

최종용 한양대학교 산업경영디자인대학원 2009 국내석사

Many companies are under management hardship due to increasing raw material cost and decreasing consumption, and competition is becoming more severe because of rapid technology advancement. For these reasons, inventory management for companies is getting more and more important to overcome these kinds of management hardship and to enhance management efficiency, and minimizing cost for inventory management is believed to be necessary. In fact, as it is difficult to manage inventory on real time basis, when actual inventory is investigated for a specified period, discrepancy in actual inventory open occurs especially for companies who have many of incoming and outgoing materials and large amount of materials. For this problem, most of companies have been performing various methods in order to decrease inventories. For examples, we've looked into lessons and improvement against regarding inventory managements through companies practicing methods for inventory management such as SCM, JIT, RFID and etc. In addition, we summarized the result of inventory management by existing literatures, and investigated effects on cutting cost by case studies for inventory management. For instance, Yuhan Kimberly Co., Ltd and Lotte Mart decreased turnover ratio for inventories from 11 days to 5 days by their joint project representing they cut down more than 50 % of days taken for inventory in exhibition sales from 26 days to 12 days. SCM has its goal for achieving common benefits by establishing partnership not just for survival of one company, and JIT minimizes inventory stocks by removing all of waste factors. RFID is also a inventory management technique making it possible not only to manage incoming and outgoing materials but also to adjust productions by calculating real time-based inventory. Like all of methods mentioned above, all of companies are looking for inventory management methods well meeting their environments creating profits by those kinds of methods. Inventory management affects balance sheet of companies, and all members will have to make efforts for inventory management so that companies make profits. 기업들은 현재 원재료 구입비용의 증가와 소비의 감소로 인하여 경영적인 압박을 받고 있으며, 기술의 급진적인 발전으로 인해서 기업 간의 경쟁은 더욱 격하되고 있다. 이러한 경영환경의 악조건들을 극복하고 효율적인 경영을 위해서는 재고관리의 중요성이 더욱 더 커지고 있으며, 재고관리 비용을 최소화 하는 관리가 필요함을 인식하고 있다. 실질적으로도 실시간 재고관리를 하기 어렵기 때문에 기간을 정하고 재고실사를 해보면 입·출고의 종류와 수량이 많은 업체의 경우에는 실물재고가 일치하지 않는 경우가 있다. 이러한 문제점으로 인하여 기업에서는 재고를 줄이기 위한 여러 가지 방법을 실천하고 있다. 그 예로 SCM, JIT, RFID 등의 재고관리 기법들을 사용하여 재고관리를 하는 업체들의 현황을 통해 시사점과 개선방안의 살펴보았으며, 기존의 문헌을 통해 재고관리의 연구 결과를 요약하였으며 재고관리의 사례를 통해 원가절감에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 예로써 유한킴벌리와 롯데마트는 공동 프로젝트를 구성하여 재고회전율을 11일에서 5일로 줄였으며, 전시판매에 소요된 재고일수를 26일에서 12일로 50%이상 줄이는 결과를 보였다. SCM은 한 기업만의 생존이 아닌 서로 파트너쉽을 구축하여 공동의 이익을 달성하는 목적이 있으며, JIT는 낭비의 요소를 모두 제거하여 재고를 최소화하고 있다. RFID 역시 실시간으로 재고수량을 파악하여 입출고의 관리는 물론 생산량까지 조절할 수 있는 재고관리 방법이다. 이처럼 모든 기업들은 자신의 기업에 맞는 재고관리 방법을 찾으며 그 방법을 통해 이익을 창출하고 있다. 재고관리는 기업의 재무제표에 영향을 미치며, 구성원 모두는 기업의 이익창출이 될 수 있도록 노력하여야 할 것이다.

차동전력조절 구조 기반 태양광 발전 시스템의 전력 생산 효율화 및 안정성 개선을 위한 새로운 MPPT 제어 방식

최종용 가천대학교 일반대학원 2023 국내석사

본 논문에서는 차동전력조절(Differential Power Processing ; DPP) 구조 기반 태양광 발전 시스템에서 전력 생산 효율 향상을 위한 새로운 MPPT 제어 방식을 제안한다. 태양광 발전시스템에서 PV 패널의 생산 전력을 최대화하기 위해 최대전력점(Maximum Power Point ; MPP)을 찾고 전력을 생산할 수 있도록 제어를 수행해야 되며 이를 최대전력점추종(Maximum Power Point Tracking ; MPPT)라고 한다. 이미 태양광 발전시스템에 PV 패널의 전력 생산을 최대화하기 위해 다양한 MPPT 제어 기법들이 연구되었고 그중 가장 대표적으로 간단한 알고리즘으로 구현이 가능하고 많이 사용되고 있는 제어 기법은 바로 P&O 제어 기법이다. P&O 제어 기법은 구현하기 쉽다는 장점이 있지만 급격한 온도 변화에 취약하다는 단점을 가지고 있다. 또한, 전압 변동 크기인 값에 따라 최대전력점 지점에 도달하는 시간이 달라지는 단점이 있다. 이러한 단점으로 인하여 생산 전력 효율이 낮아질 수 있다. 따라서 기존의 P&O 문제점을 보완하여 생산 전력 효율을 증대시키는 연구가 필요하다. 이에 따라 본 논문에서는 P&O 제어 기법의 단점을 보완하고 전력 생산 효율을 증대시키기 위해 새로운 MPPT 제어 기법을 제안한다. 제안하는 MPPT 제어 기법은 P&O 기법과 다양한 조건에서 모의실험을 통해 비교하여 우수성을 검증하였다. 따라서 제안하는 MPPT 제어 기법을 차동전력조절 구조 기반 태양광 발전 시스템에서 사용시 전력 생산에서의 효율을 최대화에 기여할 수 있다고 판단된다.

입력강화를 통한 중국어 문법 처리 및 학습효과 연구 : 시선추적 장치를 활용하여

최종용 한국교원대학교 대학원 2024 국내석사

본 연구의 목적은 학습자들이 입력강화된 문법 항목을 마주할 때 어떠한 방식으로 처리하며, 실제로 학습 효과가 있는지 밝히는 데 있다. 입력강화에 관한 많은 선행 연구가 진행되었지만, 대부분 입력강화 제공 전후 문법 테스트 결과에 근거한 지연된 척도를 사용하였다. 본 연구는 시선추적 장치를 이용하여 입력강화가 학습자의 문법 처리에 미치는 영향을 실시간으로 확인하고, 실제로 학습 효과가 있는지 조사하였다. 중국어 학습 기간이 1년 이상인 대학생과 대학원생 25명을 대상으로 모니터의 중국어를 읽도록 하였는데, 일부는 ‘동사+개사구’ 부분의 입력강화를 제공받았고, 일부는 ‘부정어+개사구’ 부분의 입력강화를 제공받았다. 이 과정은 시선추적 장치를 통해 기록되었으며, 해당 문법 항목의 입력강화 유무에 따른 참여자 집단의 안구 운동을 비교·분석하였다. 또한 참여자 집단별 입력강화 전후의 문법 테스트 점수를 비교하였다. 분석 결과 해당 문법 항목의 입력강화를 제공받은 참여자들은 제공받지 않은 참여자들보다 더 오랫동안 그리고 더 자주 시선이 고정하는 것으로 나타났다. 문법 테스트 점수에서는 입력강화를 제공받은 참여자들이 제공받지 않은 참여자들보다 상승하였는데, 일부는 유의미한 결과였고, 유의미하지 않은 결과도 나타났다. 참여자들이 입력강화된 부분을 더 오래 보고 자주 본다는 것은 형태를 주의하고 알아차리는 데 효과가 있음을 나타내는 만큼, 교과서에서 일부 영역에 국한되어 사용되었던 것을 확대하여 적용할 필요성이 있다. 그러나 입력강화 자체가 학습자의 문법 항목의 완전한 학습을 가정하지는 않으므로, 입력강화와 더불어 효과를 극대화할 수 있는 교수자원이 필요하다는 것을 시사한다.

原始佛敎 禪定說 硏究

최종용 동국대학교 2008 국내석사

It was for attaining liberation from suffering that Siddhartha left home. After leaving home, he looked up two revisionists as his masters and reached the utmost stage that they had pursued but it brought him only temporary psychological equilibrium not the ultimate Nirvana, the state of complete absence of sensation. So he left them for the woods of asceticism in Uruvela but also left them because he got to know that he was not able to be delivered from evil passions even through the utmost ascetic practice. He came to know that it couldn't lead him to Nirvana just as all the delights and pleasures that he had experienced in the kingdom in his early life didn't make people really happy. After leaving two kinds of extremism, Siddhartha entered deep samadhi under a Pipalla tree with lots of shade finally to attain complete enlightenment. After Buddha´s attainment of Great Wisdom, he preached on Ariyo atthangiko magga(八正道) and Catur-arya-satya(四聖諦) in the first Buddhist sermon, and presented that samadhi was the important execution to achieve Nirvana. Actually, reviewing the Agama Sutras, the early Sutras, we can know that it preached the sermon related to samadhi in the most part. The teachings of Buddha say that ascetic exercises are the most basic and they are samadhi itself. Accordingly, samadhi is the one that has Buddhism be like Buddhism . Considering that Buddha preached that our life is full of sufferings, and that all sufferings have the reasons, and that the ways to escape suffering are practicing Ariyo atthangiko magga(八正道), and that practicing it leads to the state of extinction of sufferings, we can understand that samadhi is ascetic exercises to lead to Nirvana. What we should observe is that Buddha's samadhi is not samadhi for samadhi, but ascetic exercises to see real things rightly. Alara Kalama's and Uddaka Ramaputta's samadhi stay at only regulations, and they couldn't get the wisdom to achieve seeing real things rightly, so Buddha could not help abandoning their methods of samadhi. Buddha's aim was to obtain wisdom through samadhi. According to Buddha's sermon, the pain of human beings is caused by ignoring the reality of being. Sabbe sankhara anicca(諸行無常), Sabbe dhamma anatta(諸法無我), and Sabbe sankhara dukkha(一切皆苦) preached in Tri-dharma-laksana(三法印), Tri-dharma-laksana(三法印) says that sufferings and evil passions are caused by an attachment on 'me' and 'mine' that are actually shapeless and empty existence because we wish those shapeless things exist eternally, Paticcasamuppada(緣起法) says that we are suffering from Tanha(渴愛) and attachment because we don't know that whole things are actually shapeless ones that only depend on and have influence on one another. The same goes for Pañca skandhāh(五蘊). Even if being is nothing but accumulations that consist of Rūpa(色), Vedanā(受), Sañña(想), Sāṅkhāra(行), and Viññāna(識), we mistake them for essence, and, finally, our anguishes are derived from this illusion. However, we can't attain liberation from suffering by trying to understand Buddha's sermon only by knowledge. There are systems to follow to get the great meaning of Buddhism by experience. They are belief(信), solution(解), execution(行), and proof(證). The essence of religion is based on belief. We can make the belief deep and it certain when we understand Buddha's teachings. And then we can reach the world of Nirvana that Buddha preached on when we follow ascetic exercises. Accordingly, we can achieve Nirvana(證) when we believe in all Buddha's sermons with confidence(信), understand them reasonably(解), and consider and observe them using the method of samadhi that Buddha had actually entered under the condition of the unification of mind and body(行). We looked into the various ways of samadhi that Buddha preached on in the main subject. We should select the method of samadhi suitable for each one's endurance among many ways of samadhi and should not neglect ascetic exercises. We know well that the study on the Sutras without practice is going to end in nothing but empty prayers indeed. In addition, whether we train ourselves by Cattari jhanani practice(四禪수행) or by Catur aruppa samapati practice(四無色定수행), or Samatha-vipassana practice(止觀수행), we should observe Dharma(一切法) as Annica(無常), Dukkha(苦), Annata(無我). We should not indulge in peace and delight that may develop by ascetic exercise, but advance to Buddhahood through the continuous observation on the reality of beings on the basis of the benefit of ascetic exercise. On the contrary, if we indulge in peace and delight, it is the very samadhi of a wrong course. The present writer made all efforts to do ascetic exercises under sitting in Zen meditation as a practice to achieve Nirvana after understanding Buddha's teachings enough with the Sutras as a priest to believe Buddha's teachings. Besides, while I countlessly repeat abstinence from food for twenty one days, I could experience feelings of samadhi just a little even though I can't mention the depth of samadhi that Buddha achieved. However, I am sorry that I can't express my experiences by letters. So there is a saying like this. "We know that the water is warm or cold for ourselves after drinking it."(冷暖自知) Even if I express my experiences by letters. it is certain that people understand them according to their staying power. The status of samadhi is the world that we can know about only through real experiences and can't describe with any words or sentences. Nevertheless, It was Buddha's expression of endless mercy that Buddha preached on samadhi that he had practiced here and there in the Sutras. We can control inner mind well when we collect our scattered mind that can be caused by outer factors whatever we do at any time. Only if so, we can see what the things are and find out real ourselves out of greed. So practicing samadhi becomes the means necessary to attain spiritual enlightenment(無我). It leaves something to be desired that the analyses of terms were different according to scholars when I arranged this article. For examples, the standard of division between the primitive Buddhism and the basic Buddhism was different according to scholars, and Initial and sustaining thought(覺) and applying and Sustaing thought(觀) mentioned in Pathamajjhana(初禪) were expressed as words of Analytic and investigating thought process(尋) and Discursive and initial though(伺) according to Sutras. There is a great difference in dividing the kinds of samadhi according to scholars. One scholar divided it into the primitive Buddhism's and the sectional Buddhism's by period, another scholar included all kinds of samadhi presented in the Agama Sutras in the samadhi theory of the primitive Buddhism, and another scholar divided it into the basis and the heterodoxy of samadhi. Besides, I was also confused because there were various kinds of samadhi according to scholars. But, I think these problems were caused by Buddha's different preaching methods. In fact, It is far from Buddha's teachings to divide it with fixed frames. When we really understand that the truth is everywhere in the realm of Buddhism and Buddha's teachings that the whole things are just one not two(不二), I think there is nothing to confuse us and to raise a question about. It is because samadhi is not a goal of ascetic exercise but a means.

Neural network를 이용한 파열 자음의 인식

최종룡 嶺南大學校 1992 국내석사