한국형 Ralstonia solanacearum에 대한 순계 토마토 및 고추의 병 반응과 병원성 관련 유전자 변이체

이형주 동아대학교 대학원 2011 국내석사

초임계CO2 유체 추출법으로 얻은 탈지 미강 중 표면활성 물질의 유화 안정도 특성 연구

이형주 충남대학교 대학원 2012 국내석사

By using supercritical carbon dioxide fluid, an attempt was made to extract surface-active substances from defatted rice bran. Extraction was carried out according to D-optimal design and results were analyzed by response surface methodology to establish optimum condition. Three conditions(No. 1, 16, 18) were selected by the value of extraction yield and the interfacial tension to investigate emulsifying properties. Extract of condition(No.1) showed the best results based on the additional experimental, it were competitive adsorption, co-surfactant addition, EAI measurements. 1. Optimized extraction yield was observed when a modifier ethanol was added at a highest concentration and it was considered as a major influencing factor on the extraction yield. Optimum extraction conditions was pressure 330bar, temperature 65℃ and co-solvent 250g. 2. As for interfacial tension measurements for extracted substances, the results were affected by the extraction variables: the higher extraction pressure and temperature induced lower interfacial tension. Ethanol was also considered as a major influencing factor on the interfacial tension value. Pressure and temperature were found to be influential but less, compared to that of ethanol. 3. When regression analysis based on D-optimal design obtained extraction yield and interfacial tension value, prediction models were indicated high significance compared to the actual measured values. Amount of ethanol contents were as many as the polar compounds are more extracted and expected value of a low interfacial tension, but the interfacial tension value was measured at the lowest ethanol content condition. 4. Results of emulsifying properties by fat globule size, creaming stability, emulsion surface staining and dispersion stability, condition of No. 1 showed highest emulsifying stability compared to those condition(No. 6 and 18). It was chosen to final sample and examined the additional emulsifying properties. 5. In emulsion stability with extract(No. 1) the amount of adsorbed protein at the droplet surface were found to be decreased with increasing concentrations of added extract(No. 1). However, the decreasing rate was insignificant. And 0.07% or more concentration of extract was formed comparatively stable emulsion. 6. Emulsions were made with added co-surfactant(tween 20, SSL, GMS) and observation of fat globule size by optical microscopy. Emulsions of added tween 20 or SSL were formed flocculation and coalescence, wheareas GMS was observed stable emulsion form. In addition, EAS measured with a microscope, a similar trend of results and added GMS emulsion showed the highest value.

ITA/EA 도입사례 분석을 통한 효율적 정보기술아키텍처의 고도화 방안에 대한 연구 : K공사를 중심으로

이형주 충남대학교 경영대학원 2009 국내석사

Due to rapid development of information technology and growing investment on it, the environment of corporate information systems has become more and more complex to manage. In efforts to solve such issue, government organizations, national institutions and private companies have been implementing or studying ITA/EA these days. 'K' public corporation still keeps the various kinds of hardwares, system softwares and applications, including main frame, Client/Server and web_based systems, suffering from lack of integration between applications, duplicate data processing and low satisfaction rate of users. And the return on investment of IT couldn't reach the originally expected level yet. By implementing ITA/EA, EAMS and IT Asset Management System, 'K' public corporation could set up the IT strategy plan, control investment on IT and manage its IT assets more effectively. For successfully introducing ITA/EA at 'K' public corporation, this paper deals with the general theory of ITA/EA, direction of government organizations and reference models for national institutions, suggesting the detail direction of more implementing ITA/EA. 정보기술의 지속적인 발전과 투자로 인하여 기업의 IT환경은 더욱 복잡해지고 있으며, 정보시스템간 통합성 부족, 데이터 중복처리, 사용자 만족도 저하 등 다양한 문제에 직면하고 있다. 또한 투자에 대한 지속적인 증가에도 불구하고 활용 및 효과가 당초 기대에 미치지 못하고 있다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위한 노력의 하나로 통합정보자원관리(ITA/EA)가 출현하였으며, 각국의 정부 및 공공기관에서도 정책적으로 도입 또는 도입을 추진중에 있다. 公社는 메인프레임, 클라이언터/서버 및 웹 기반의 복합적인 정보시스템을 가지고 있으며, 신속한 의사결정정보 제공, 업무프로세스 혁신, 정보기술 표준화, 응용시스템 연계 등에서 사용자 만족도가 기대수준에 미치지 못하고 있다. ITA/EA 고도화를 통해 업무프로세스, 데이터, 응용시스템 및 정보기술 등에 대한 원칙과 표준이 강화되고, 정보화전략계획 수립, 개발․운영 등에 관한 의사결정수단, 투자성과 측정 등도 가능하게 될 것이다. 또한 EA산출물의 전사적인 공유, IT자산관리 및 EA관리체제를 정립함으로써 전반적인 IT관리수준을 크게 향상시킬 수 있을 것이다. EA의 이론, 정부부처 추진방향, 국내적용사례 등을 분석하고, 연구모형을 바탕으로 公社의 성공적인 고도화방향을 제시하고자 한다.

기후변화로 인한 대설 위험 등급 별 대설 피해 예측 기술 개발

이형주 호서대학교 일반대학원 2024 국내박사

According to the UN's 'World Disaster Report 2000-2019', the number of disasters has increased by 1.7 times compared to the previous 20 years, and the main cause is diagnosed to be climate change. In addition, heavy snow damage, which has a small number of damages compared to other natural disasters, is becoming increasingly large-scale due to climate change. It was calculated that 7,348 disasters occurred worldwide over the past 20 years, resulting in 1.23 million deaths and approximately 3,400 trillion won in property damage. In the case of heavy snow, damages amounted to approximately 160 billion won over the past 10 years, making it the third largest natural disaster in Korea. Therefore, research is needed to predict differentiated heavy snow damage considering regional characteristics. In this study, a heavy snow damage risk index was developed using the PSR and DPSIR techniques, and risk levels (Red Zone, Orange Zone, Yellow Zone, Green Zone) were assigned to each administrative district. The heavy snow damage data from 1994 to 2020 were used as dependent variables, and meteorological factors and socio-economic factors were selected as independent variables. A heavy snow damage prediction technology was developed by risk level through multiple regression analysis. The developed prediction technology was evaluated through RMSE and NRMSE, and the prediction technology by risk level that reflected regional characteristics showed excellent performance as a result of the prediction ability evaluation by technology. If a model that predicts the damage range is developed through the results of this study in the future, it is expected that heavy snow damage can be reduced in advance.

韓國 古代 부뚜막施設 硏究

이형주 忠南大學校 大學院 2001 국내석사

지표발파시 주파수 특성에 관한 연구

이형주 조선대학교 대학원 1997 국내석사

One of the most troublesome and controversial issues facing the construction is that of ground vibrations, fly rock and air blasts produced from blasting. Particularly, ground vibrations bring on directly or indirectly many damages. On this study, datas of vibration was collected in rock blasting, then analysied datas and frequency characterizations of blasting vibration was studied. The results can be summarized as follow : 1. the formula of square and cube root scaled distance which have a confidence level at the point of 95% are as follow : V = 6159.564 (D/(W^(1/2))^(-1.824) V = 11368.677(D/(W^(1/2))^(-1.846), respectively. 2. It was founded that is proper to get principal frequency by Fast Fourier Transform among two methods. 3. This study suggest that new allowable values of vibration according to frequency. Namely, If principal frequency is more than 20Hz, then allowable values of vibration should be 0,5cm/sec and less than 20Hz, then allowable values of vibration should be 0.3cm/sec.

배추 순계통들에 대한 원원종 증식과 순도검정

이형주 충북대학교 대학원 2013 국내박사

This study was conducted to evaluate the role of foundation seeds and the process of increase in the number of foundation seeds, to set a systematic and reasonable standard for the management of the seeds. Six different inbred Chinese cabbage lines were developed using hybridization and pedigree breeding by the breeding team. The lines were adapted into different market segments, such as the spring, summer, and winter markets, and were developed as inbred lines with necessary characteristics for cultivation. By combining ability test scores, the breeder selected elite combinations and submitted the seeds of the parental inbred lines to the foundation seed team, to increase the number of foundation seeds. SPF 2128 is the female line and SPM 2130 is the male line of the variety for the spring market. SUF 2126 is the female line and SUM 2132 is the male line of the variety for the summer market. WIF 1130 is the female line and WIM 1133 is the male line of the variety for the winter market. Bolting is an important trait for seed production. WIF 1130 and WIM 1133 were investigated as early bolting lines in the 6 inbred lines. Moreover, SRK class I and SRK class II markers were used to check for self-incompatibility in the 6 inbred lines. SPM 2130 and SUM 2132 showed positive results for SRK class I; thus, they were identified to have strong self-incompatibility. In addition, the seed set ratio, obtained by comparing bud pollination to open flower pollination, was the same for SPM 2130 and SUM 2132. The results of the self–incompatibility tests can be used as important information on the lines for F1 seed production. After seed harvest, the foundation seeds were naturally dried and their moisture contents were measured to differentiate those that can be kept in storage. After the seeds were stored, they were tested for first germination and final germination, to certify that the foundation seeds were at the right level of germination. Another test was conducted to determine if the Chinese cabbages were infected with certain seed-borne diseases, such as black rot caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris and Xanthomonas leaf spot caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. armoraciae. After confirming whether the seeds were infected or not, they were sanitized using hot water zinc and re-tested. After the seeds were confirmed to be free from diseases, the seed lots were stocked in the seed room. Through seed cleaning, malformed and viviparous seeds were eliminated, and thousand seed weight was measured to standardize the exact amount of foundation seeds needed to produce the required number of F1 seeds. The yield per plant was calculated for the 6 different inbred lines, to determine the number of transplanted plants when producing F1 hybrids. The foundation seeds of the 6 inbred lines were vacuum-sealed to avoid contact with air and moisture and kept in isothermal–isohumidity controlled storage (13℃ and 30%, respectively) to slow down seed aging, for longer preservation. The ability of the stored seeds to germinate was tested every 3 years, and if the germination rate was less than 80%, then the number of foundation seeds was increased again to renew the seed lot. To confirm that there was no out-crossing with other inbred lines or mechanical seed-mixing during the processes, a PGO (purity grow-out) trial was conducted. On August 16, 2011, 150 seeds were sown into a plug tray and on September 7, 100 seedlings were transplanted into the field for the PGO trial. In the PGO trial, the plants were differentiated on the basis of the following categories: objectionable, highly objectionable, atypical, and degenerated; however, no objectionable or highly objectionable plants were found. All the tests were completed, and then the foundation seeds were collected. In addition, the foundation seeds were used to produce advanced breeder experimental seeds, stock seeds, and pre-commercial trial seeds for the development of new commercial varieties. A few rules were established by the developers of the foundation seed team. First, foundation seeds will not act as cleansing agents for non-homogeneous lines. An atmosphere of open and easy communication will help the team to generate complete information on parent line characteristics, including seed producibility. Next, the foundation seed team needs to regularly assess the seeds. Second, the foundation seeds should maintain all active germplasm sources, as well as non-active inbred lines, and this is ensured through regular updates on seed health, disease resistance claims, purity, germination, and vigor of the parent lines. Maintaining the genetic integrity of the parents throughout the life time of their progeny and updates on seed health specifications are also mandatory. Third, all members must undergo yearly training on the procedures and systems of the company and learn to follow the standard packing and labeling that is discussed every 4 months for the packing procedures and quality requirements of the products. The foundation seed team also cooperates with the National Plant Quarantine Service and approves the commercialization of new hybrid varieties under certain conditions. The ultimate goal is to produce high-quality foundation seeds. To make this a reality, crop specialists frequently visit and communicate with parent-line breeders. On the basis of the feedback from the breeders, team members must have a 3-year inventory for the annual species of established parent lines and a 6-year inventory for biennial species. All information collected by the company is trustworthy, and it used in developing foundation seeds for the establishment of parental lines. Standardized labeling and identification of all foundation seed inventory and utilization of all technological resources are needed to prevent the requirement for corrective action and to support the quality of each foundation seed lot.

청소년의 문제해결능력 및 문제해결성과 증진 방안 연구 : IT 특성화고 학생 창업교육을 중심으로

이형주 고려대학교 기술경영전문대학원 2025 국내박사

본 연구는 IT 특성화고 학생 창업교육을 중심으로 청소년의 문제해결능력 및 문제해결성과 증진 방안을 파악하여, 청소년 창업교육 프로그램 개선에 기여하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 청소년의 문제해결능력에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위해 창업교육에 참가한 IT 특성화고등학교 학생 183명의 설문조사 결과를 분석하였다. 이를 통해 독립변수 학업적 자기효능감, 학습동기, 자기주도적 학습태도가 문제해결능력의 하위변수인 정보수집, 확산적 사고, 기획력, 실행과 모험감수 등에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 한편 청소년의 문제해결성과에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위하여 13년간의 창업교육 실증 데이터를 분석하여 인구통계적 요소, 아이디어 유형, 프로젝트활동 참여형태, 지원프로그램 참여정도, 교육방식 등이 종속변수 심사등급에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 청소년 창업교육에서 문제해결능력에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째 학업적 자기효능감의 하위요소는 자기조절 효능감, 고수준과제 선호, 자신감 순으로 문제해결능력에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 IT 특성화고등학교 청소년들은 자신의 학습능력에 대한 자신감은 비교적 낮지만, 자신이 통제하고 다룰 수 있다고 생각하는 자기조절 효능감과 고수준과제 선호는 높게 나타난 것이다. 둘째, 학습동기의 하위요소는 내재적 동기, 동일시 조절, 내사조절 순으로 문제해결능력에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서 내재적 동기가 가장 높게 나타난 것은 창업교육에 자발적으로 참여한 특성화고등학교 학생을 대상으로 연구가 이루어졌기 때문이다. 셋째, 자기주도적 학습태도의 하위요소인 학습목표 설정, 자기성찰, 학습실행의 지속성, 기본적 자기관리 능력 순으로 문제해결능력에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에 참여한 IT 특성화고등학교 학생들은 스스로 학습목표를 세우고 자기성찰을 통해 프로젝트 과제를 완성하는 자기주도적 학습태도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 청소년의 문제해결성과에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구결과, 첫째, 멘토링 참여, 아이디어 유형, 창업교육 운영방식, 창업교육 참여연도, 팀구성 인원, 창업교육 경험 횟수, 팀구성 성별 순으로 종속변수 심사등급에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 청소년 창업교육에서 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 요소가 멘토링이며, 이는 좋은 멘토링 프로그램이 문제해결성과를 높이는 중요한 요소로 해석될 수 있다. 그리고, 청소년 창업교육 운영방식을 대면으로만 시행할 경우에는 학생들의 참여율이 낮아질 수 있으므로 대면 및 비대면을 혼합하여 운영하는 것이 성과를 높이는데 효과적인 것으로 해석될 수 있다. 한편, 교육 성과를 높이려면 주로 남학생으로만 구성되어 있는 팀을 혼성팀으로 구성하고, 고등학교 재학중에 창업교육 참여 횟수를 높여야 함을 알 수 있다. 청소년 창업교육에서 생활정보부문 아이디어 이외에 엔터테인먼트부문 등의 참여율을 높여야 하고, 과제수행을 위해 모바일 앱 및 웹 개발능력이나 디자인 능력이 필수적이므로 3~5명이 팀을 구성하도록 지도하는 것이 효과적일 수 있다. 둘째, 코로나 19 전에 참여한 집단과 코로나 19 후에 참여한 집단 간에는 통계상 유의한 평균 차이가 나타나지 않았고, 코로나 이전 대면 교육방식 집단과 코로나 이후 비대면 교육방식 집단 간에도 평균의 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 이는 디지털 기술에 익숙한 청소년들이 비대면 교육방식을 효과적으로 받아들이고 있기 때문으로 보인다. 따라서 전통적인 대면교육만을 주장하기보다 청소년의 특성을 이해하여 ICT를 활용한 다양한 형태의 교육 운영이 필요할 것이다. 결론적으로 청소년 창업교육 프로그램은 다음과 같은 시사점을 고려하여 개선되어야 할 것이다. 첫째, 창업교육 참가자에 대한 강·약점 분석을 통해 정보수집, 실행과 모험감수, 확산적 사고, 기획력 등이 부족한 팀에게는 각 요소별로 필요한 역량을 높이기 위한 맞춤형 실행방안이 마련되어야 한다. 둘째, 코로나 19 이후 창업교육 참가자들에게는 프로젝트를 끝까지 수행할 수 있도록 자기조절 효능감, 고수준과제 선호, 자신감, 내재적 동기를 높이기 위한 방안이 마련되어야 한다. 셋째, 창업교육 참가자의 팀 구성을 남녀 혼성팀을 장려하고, 팀 인원도 4~5명이 프로젝트를 수행할 수 있도록 동기부여 방안이 마련되어야 한다. 넷째, 좋은 멘토링을 위한 기능별 우수 멘토 선발, 멘토와 멘티 멘토링 참여 동기부여, 멘토링 진행 모니터링 및 적절한 피드백 방안 등이 체계적이고 구체적으로 포함되어야 한다. 다섯째, 디지털 네이티브인 청소년의 특성을 고려하여 정보통신 기반의 ICT 교육을 활용하는 다양한 형태의 교육 운영방식을 도입해야 할 것이다. This study aims to contribute to the improvement of youth entrepreneurship education programs by identifying youth's problem-solving ability and ways to improve problem-solving performance, focusing on IT specialized high school student startup education. In order to understand the impact of youth IT startup education on problem-solving ability, the results of a survey of 183 high school students who participated in startup education were analyzed. Through this, the effect of independent variables academic self-efficacy, learning motivation, and self-directed learning attitude on information collection, diffuse thinking, planning, execution, and adventure acceptance, which are sub-variables of problem-solving ability, was analyzed. Meanwhile, to understand the impact of youth IT startup education on problem-solving performance, we analyzed 13 years of empirical data on startup education to study the effect of demographic factors, idea type, project activity participation type, support program participation degree, and educational method on the dependent variable evaluation grade. The results of the study on the effect of youth startup education on problem-solving ability are as follows. First, it was found that the sub-factors of academic self-efficacy had an effect on problem-solving ability in the order of self-regulation efficacy, preference for high-level tasks, and confidence. This means that IT specialized high school youth have relatively low confidence in their learning ability, but they have a high self-regulation efficacy on whether they can perform the self-regulation mechanism they think they can control and handle and the preference for high-level tasks they think they can control and deal with. Second, the sub-elements of learning motivation were found to have an effect on problem-solving ability in the order of intrinsic motivation, identification control, and internal affairs control. The reason why the intrinsic motivation was the highest in this study was that the study was conducted with specialized high school students who voluntarily participated in entrepreneurship education. Third, it was found that problem-solving ability was affected in the order of learning goal setting, self-reflection, continuity of learning execution, and basic self-management ability, which are sub-elements of self-directed learning attitude. It was found that IT specialized high school students who participated in this study had a high self-directed learning attitude to set their own learning goals and complete project tasks through self-reflection. As a result of a study on the effect of youth on problem-solving performance, first, it was found that mentoring participation, idea type, startup education operation method, startup education participation year, team composition number, startup education experience number, and team composition gender had an effect on the evaluation grade of dependent variables. Mentoring is the most influential factor in youth startup education, which can be interpreted as an important factor in enhancing problem-solving performance by a good mentoring program. In addition, if the youth startup education operation method is implemented only offline, the participation rate of students may decrease, so it will be effective to increase performance by mixing offline and online. On the other hand, it can be seen that in order to improve educational performance, a team consisting mainly of male students should be formed as a hybrid team, and the number of participations in startup education should be increased while attending high school. In youth startup education, in addition to ideas in the life information sector, the participation rate in the entertainment sector must be increased, and since mobile app and web development capabilities or design capabilities are essential to perform tasks, three to five people should be instructed to form a team. Second, there was no statistically significant difference in average between the group who participated before COVID-19 and the group who participated after COVID-19, and there was no difference in average between the group of face-to-face education methods before COVID-19 and the group of non-face-to-face education methods after COVID-19. This seems to be because adolescents who are familiar with digital technology are effectively accepting non-face-to-face education methods. Therefore, it will be necessary to operate various forms of education using ICT by understanding the characteristics of adolescents rather than insisting on traditional face-to-face education only. In conclusion, the youth startup education program should be improved in consideration of the following implications. First, through the analysis of strengths and weaknesses of startup education participants, teams that lack information collection, execution and adventure sensitivity, diffuse thinking, and planning skills should be prepared with customized implementation plans to increase the necessary capabilities for each element. Second, after COVID-19, participants in startup education should be prepared with measures to increase self-regulation efficacy, preference for high-level tasks, confidence, and intrinsic motivation so that they can carry out the project to the end. Third, a motivational plan should be prepared so that male and female mixed teams can be encouraged to form a team of startup education participants, and 4 to 5 team members can carry out the project. Fourth, systematically and specifically, the selection of excellent mentors for good mentoring, motivation for mentor and mentee mentoring participation, monitoring mentoring progress, and appropriate feedback measures should be included. Fifth, it is necessary to introduce various types of education management methods that utilize ICT education based on information and communication in consideration of the characteristics of digital native youth.

高等學校 數學敎科에서 極限槪念의 指導에 關한 硏究

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한국어의 도식적 관용표현 연구

이형주 서울대학교 대학원 2025 국내박사

본고의 목적은 한국어에서 확인되는 예들을 통해 도식적 관용표현(Schematic idiom)의 설정 가능성을 확인하는 데에 있다. 공시적으로는 이들의 구조를 파악하고 의미에 따라 유형을 정리함으로써, 통시적으로는 이들의 형성과 변화 과정을 두루 살핌으로써 그 가능성을 확인하고자 한다. 여기서 도식적 관용표현이란, 의미와 결합의 관습성으로 인하여 저장되어 있는 단위이면서도 부분적으로 여러 요소가 대치(代置)되어 나타날 수 있는 빈 자리, 즉 변항을 가진 표현들을 말한다. 제2장에서는 본격적인 논의에 앞서, 도식적 관용표현과 관련된 이론적 배경과 기본적 개념들을 살피고 이를 바탕으로 도식적 관용표현의 정의를 확립하였다. 2.1.에서는 국외 연구와 국내 연구에서 확인되는 관련 개념이나 기술에 대한 논의들을 살피고 정리하였다. 국외의 구문문법 이론과 성구론 이론에서의 ‘비어 있는 관용표현’에 대한 논의를 확인한 후, 국내 여러 연구에서 제시한 도식적 관용표현과 관련된 논의들을 살펴보았다. 본고에서는 Croft & Cruse(2004)의 ‘Schematic idiom’를 용어로 도입하고 그 번역어로 ‘도식적 관용표현’을 연구 대상을 가리키는 표현으로 삼고자 한다. 2.2.에서는 박진호(2003)에서 제시한 ‘관습성’이라는 개념과 Hoffmann and Trousdale(2013)에서 제시한 ‘도식성’이라는 개념에 대해 살펴보았다. ‘관습성’과 관련해서는 구체적인 판별기준으로서 공시적 기준 4가지와 통시적 기준 1가지로 도입하였다. 도식적 관용표현의 저장 및 등재에 관해서는 Tomasello(2003)와 채현식(2013가,나) 등의 언급을 살펴보았다. 도식적 관용표현의 저장이나 기억은 Tomasello(2003)가 주장한 언어습득 과정에서의 패턴 습득처럼 귀납적 과정에 의한 결과로 이해할 가능성에 대해 언급하고, 통사적으로 요구되는 정보가 있는 단위의 저장에 관한 앞으로의 연구를 기대하는 것으로 갈무리하였다. 2.3.에서는 이러한 논의들을 바탕으로 도식적 관용표현을 “의미와 결합의 관습성으로 인하여 저장되어 있는 단위이면서도 부분적으로 여러 요소가 대치(代置)되어 나타날 수 있는 빈 자리(변항)를 가진 표현”으로 정의하였다. 또한 실질적 관용표현과의 대립관계나 문법적 관용표현과의 상하관계, 광의와 협의의 도식적 관용표현에 대해서도 논의하였다. 제3장에서는 도식적 관용표현의 구조에 대해 논의하였다. 3.1.에서는 도식적 관용표현의 내부를 구성하는 두 가지 요소, 변항과 상항의 개념을 규정하고 이들의 관계에 대해 살펴보았다. 이들은 공시적으로는 배타적인 관계를 가진다. ‘변항’은 기존 연구에서도 자주 언급되던 개념으로, 성립조건 등을 활용해 그 성격을 정리할 수 있음을 보였다. 변항의 성격은 Sinclair(1996)를 참고하여 통사적·의미적·어휘적·담화적 조건으로 나누어 살폈다. ‘상항’은 기존 연구에서는 ‘틀’이나 ‘패턴’이라는 다소 고정된 형식에 불과한 것으로 인식되었다. 그러나 한국어의 교착어적 특성을 고려할 때 완전히 고정된 형식으로만 존재하는 것이 아니라, 이형태 교체나 문법요소의 실현/비실현, 준본말 형식의 사용 등과 같은 문법적 동인에 의한 형식적 변이가 있는 상항이 존재할 수 있음에 주목하였다. 3.4.에서는 변항과 상항의 배치를 바탕으로 한국어 도식적 관용표현이 자주 보이는 5가지 유형을 간단히 살피고, 복수의 변항들이 가지는 의존관계에 대해서 소개하였다. 변항들의 관계는 완전히 동일한 요소가 반복되는 방식으로 나타날 수도 있고 부분적으로 나타날 수도 있다. 제4장에서는 도식적 관용표현의 의미와 기능에 대해 살펴보았다. 도식적 관용표현이 가장 다양한 의미와 기능 중에서도, 범주화가 용이한 일군의 표현들만을 대표로 하여 논의를 전개해 보았다. 특히 4.1.부터 4.4.에서는 특히 기존 연구에서 많이 다루어지지 않았던 양화, 정도성, 부정극성, 화자의 태도나 평가를 나타내는 도식적 관용표현을 먼저 중점적으로 살펴 보았다. 이들은 같은 의미범주 내에서 각 구문들이 어떠한 개별적 의미 특성을 보이는지에 주목하였다. 나아가 이미 기존 연구에서 충실하게 논의된 문법적 관용표현에 대해서도 간략하게 훑어 보았다. 4.1.에서는 양화와 관련된 표현으로, 전칭양화 구문인 ‘[ ]XP 할 것 없이’ 구문과 양화의 제약부를 나타내는 [ ]NP1-co [ ]NP2-co … [ ]NPn-co’ 구문, ‘[ ]NP이라는 [ ]iNP’ 구문, ‘[ ]NP1이면 [ ]iNP1, [ ]NP2이면 [ ]iNP2’ 구문을 살펴 보았다. 4.2.에서는 정도성과 관련된 표현으로, 체언의 정도성을 표현하는 ‘[ ]NP도 {이런/그런} [ ]iNP가 없-’ 구문, ‘[ ]NP 중의 [ ]iNP’ 구문을, 용언의 정도성을 표현하는 ‘[ ]VP-어도 너무 [ ]VP-’ 구문, ‘[ ]VP-(으)ㄹ대로 [ ]VP-’ 구문, ‘[ ]VP-다 못해’ 구문 등을 살펴 보았다. 4.3.에서는 부정극성과 관련된 표현으로 척도의 최하위 값(하한)을 부정함으로써 극단적 부정을 나타내는 표현들을 살펴보았다. 차례로 수적 하한, 언어적 하한, 어휘적 하한의 사례를 살펴보았다. 4.4에서는 화자의 평가나 태도와 관련된 표현 중 각각 체언과 용언을 변항으로 하는 사례를 뽑아 간략하게 살펴 보았다. 4.5에서는 문법적 의미 기능과 관련된 관용표현과 관련하여 기존 연구 성과를 종합적으로 살피고 앞으로 어떤 논의를 더해갈 수 있을지에 대한 제안과 담화적 기능을 담당하는 문법적 관용표현의 사례로 정보구조 구문을 소개하였다. 제5장에서는 도식적 관용표현의 출현과 변화 과정에 대해 살펴보았다. 5.1.에서는 형성 과정에 따라 통시적 발달과 번역·차용의 예를 각각 살펴보았다. 통시적 발달에 의한 출현은 ‘[ ]VP-(으)ㄴ 김에’ 구문의 발달 과정을, 번역·차용의 예로는 ‘[ ]NP에 관하여’, ‘[ ]NP에 의하여’, ‘[ ]NP에 있어’, ‘[ ]NP에 따라’ 등의 조사 상당 구성, ‘[ ]NP의 [ ]iL자도 모르-’ 구문의 차용 가능성 등을 선행연구의 성과를 바탕으로 살펴보았다. 번역 차용의 간접적 영향으로 결합적 관습성이 형성된 사례로는, ‘[ ]VP-기 전에’ 구문과 ‘[ ]VP-아/어 마지 않-’ 구문의 예를 살폈다. 5.2에서는 변화 과정의 유형으로 변항의 확장과 축소, 변항의 소멸과 상항화에 대해 살펴 보았다. 변항의 확장은 ‘[ ]VP-(으)ㄹ 대로 [ ]VP-‘ 구문의 예를, 변항의 축소는 ‘[ ]VP-기 때문에’ 구문과 ‘[ ]VP-어 버릇하-’ 구문의 예를, 변항의 소멸과 상항화는 ’[명사]+[분류사]‘ 구문의 예와 보조사 ’깨나‘의 성립을 바탕으로 살펴보았다. 5.3.에서는 도식적 관용표현 자체가 소멸한 사례에 대해서도 소략하게 논의하였다. 도식적 관용표현에 대한 연구는 한국어교육이나 번역, 자연언어처리와 같은 응용언어학 분야에서도 널리 활용될 수 있으며, 언어 산출의 과정에서 인간이 화청자가 공유하고 있는 언어 공동체의 관습을 선택해 경제성을 높이는 전략을 취하고 있음을 보여준다. The purpose of this paper is to examine the feasibility of establishing schematic idioms in Korean through observed examples. Synchronically, this study aims to identify their structure and classify them based on meaning, while diachronically, it seeks to confirm their feasibility by examining their formation and transformation processes. Here, schematic idioms refer to expressions that are stored as units due to semantic and combinatory conventionality, while also containing empty slots (variables) where multiple elements can be substituted. In Chapter 2, before proceeding with the main discussion, the theoretical background and fundamental concepts related to schematic idioms are examined, and based on this, the definition of schematic idioms is established. In Section 2.1, discussions on relevant concepts and descriptions found in both international and domestic research are reviewed and organized. After examining discussions on empty idioms in Construction Grammar and Phraseology theories from international studies, the study explores discussions on schematic idioms presented in various domestic studies. In Section 2.2, the concept of conventionality proposed by Park(2003) and the concept of schematicity introduced by Hoffmann and Trousdale(2013) are examined. Regarding conventionality, four synchronic criteria and one diachronic criterion are introduced as specific judgment standards. In Section 2.3, based on these discussions, schematic idioms are defined as "expressions that are stored as units due to semantic and combinatory conventionality, while also containing empty slots (variables) where multiple elements can be substituted." Chapter 3 discusses the structure of schematic idioms. In Section 3.1, the study defines two key components that constitute the internal structure of schematic idioms: variable and constant, and examines their relationship. These two elements hold a mutually exclusive relationship in a synchronic sense. The concept of variables has been frequently mentioned in previous studies, and their characteristics can be systematically categorized based on conditions for their realization. Referring to Sinclair(1996), the study classifies variables into syntactic, semantic, lexical, and discourse conditions. In previous studies, constants have been perceived as merely fixed forms, such as templates or patterns. However, considering the agglutinative nature of Korean, the study notes that constants do not exist solely in rigid forms. Instead, structural variations in constants may arise due to grammatical factors such as allomorphic alternations, the realization/omission of grammatical elements, and the use of quasi-nominal or quasi-verbal forms. In Section 3.4, the study briefly examines five common structural types of schematic idioms in Korean, based on the arrangement of variables and constants. Additionally, it introduces the dependency relationships among multiple variables. These relationships may manifest as entirely identical elements appearing repeatedly or partially modified repetitions. Chapter 4 examines the meaning and function of schematic idioms. Among the various semantic and functional aspects of schematic idioms, the discussion focuses on a representative group of expressions that are easier to categorize. In Sections 4.1 to 4.4, particular attention is given to schematic idioms that have not been extensively addressed in previous research, specifically those related to: Quantification, Degree, Negative Polarity, Derogatory sense. The study examines how each construction exhibits distinct semantic characteristics within the same semantic category. Additionally, it briefly reviews grammatical idioms, which have already been thoroughly discussed in previous studies. Chapter 5 examines the emergence and transformation processes of schematic idioms. In Section 5.1, the study explores the formation processes by examining diachronic development and examples of translation and borrowing separately. The emergence of schematic idioms through diachronic development is analyzed using examples such as "S-(으)ㄴ 김에" and its developmental process. As for translation and borrowing, the study reviews case marker-like constructions such as "NP에 따라", and the possibility of borrowing structures like "NP의 X도 모르-", based on previous research findings. In Section 5.2, the study examines different types of transformation processes, focusing on the expansion and reduction of variables, as well as the elimination of variables and the fixation of constants. In Section 5.3, the study briefly discusses cases where schematic idioms have disappeared over time. Research on schematic idioms can be widely applied to fields such as Korean language education, translation, and natural language processing. This study demonstrates that, in the process of linguistic production, humans do not always create the most economical combinations. Rather, speakers adopt a strategy of selecting the conventional linguistic patterns shared within their speech community, thereby increasing communicative efficiency.