16세기 《은대(銀臺)계회도》와 《만력임오합사(合司)계회도》 연구

박효정 명지대학교 대학원 2014 국내석사

이 논문은 새롭게 발굴된 <은대계회도>와 <만력임오합사계회도>를 중점적으로 다룬 연구이다. 계회도가 가장 유행하였던 16세기에 제작된 이 작품들은 회화사적으로 완성도가 높을 뿐 아니라, 두 작품 모두 임진왜란 이전의 창덕궁을 묘사하여, 조선전기 궁궐의 모습을 가늠할 수 있는 중요한 사료적 가치를 지닌다. 승정원 관료들의 모임을 그린 <은대계회도>는 좌목에 두 계원이 전직관료로 표기된 점과, 명종실록에 이 두 사람이 동시에 다른 곳으로 관직을 제수받았다는 기록으로 미루어 ‘전별연(餞別宴)’의 목적으로 모임이 이루어졌음을 알 수 있다. <은대계회도>의 제작 시기는 세 가지의 단서를 바탕으로 ‘1560년’으로 도출해 보았다. 첫 번째는 두 명의 계원이 관직을 제수받은 날짜 1560년 8월 19일과 두 번째는 명종이 창덕궁에 머물렀던 1560년 7월 27일에서 1561년 9월 26일, 마지막으로 1560년 9월 19일에 제작된 <서총대친림사연도(瑞蔥臺親臨賜宴圖)>와 <은대계회도>의 좌목에 기록된 ‘윤근수’의 관직이 일치됨을 통해 제작 시기를 추론해 보았다. <은대계회도>는 누각의 전경을 중심으로 그렸으므로 화면을 차지하는 배경산수의 비중이 다소 작다. 그러나 산수표현에서 ‘응봉’과 ‘보현봉’을 그려 넣어 실경적인 요소를 반영하였다. 특히 보현봉을 좌측에 부각하여 편파구도화 한 점, 근경을 강조하고 중 · 원경을 대담하게 안개 속에 생략한 점, 그리고 여백을 두어 넓은 공간을 암시한 점 등에서 ‘마하파’ 적 요소가 두드러진다. <은대계회도>에 묘사된 누각의 표현은 1830년 이전에 제작된 <동궐도(東闕圖)>와 비교하여, 창덕궁의 임진왜란 전 · 후 건축적 차이를 확인할 수 있다. 먼저 <동궐도>에는 인정문이 단층으로 표현되어 있으나 계회도에는 중층으로 표현된 것, 두 번째는 인정문의 좌우 행각(行閣)의 모서리 위의 ‘십자각(十字各)’ 역시 <은대계회도>에만 그려 있다. 마지막으로 계회도에 표현된 ‘어도(御道)의 박석’과 인정문 축대의 ‘막돌쌓기’ 기법 또한 임진왜란이전의 창덕궁에서만 볼 수 있는 건축요소이다. <만력임오합사계회도>는 ‘萬曆(만력, 1573∼1620)’연간 ‘壬午(임오, 1582)’년에 ‘합사(合司)’ 즉, 사헌부와 사간원의 합동 계회를 기념하여 제작되었다. 이 작품의 배경산수는 한양의 주산인 ‘백악산’으로, 백악산이 갖는 뚜렷한 이미지를 ‘상징적 표지물’로 계회도에 반영하였다. 특히 백악산 본모습을 거의 그대로 재현하여 실경에 대한 표현 의지를 엿볼 수 있다. 백악산 전체에 담묵으로 묘사된 단선점준과 함께 희미하게나마 나타나는 묵면의 ‘흑백대조’는 16세기 산수화의 영향과 무관하지 않음을 시사한다. 또한, 화면 전체에 진한 연무는 조선 중기를 대표하는 양송당 김지(金禔, 1524∼1593)의 <연운산수도>를 연상시킨다. <만력임오합사계회도>의 계회배경은 이 시기의 논쟁적 사안이었던 ‘정릉의 전례문제(典禮問題)’ 에 기인한 것으로 추정된다. 중요한 단서로 그림에 묘사된 조선시대와 계회장면에서 확인된다. 조선시대는 궐내에서 열린 공간이며, 마당에 양사가 함께 정좌한 모습은 임금을 향한 일종의 강력한 의사 표시를 위한 ‘양사합복(兩司伏閤)’ 을 연상시킨다. ‘정릉의 전례문제’ 는 태조의 계비였던 신덕왕후(神德王后)의 시호와 존호를 복귀하고 정릉을 회복해야 한다고 주장한 논쟁으로, 이 시기의 선조실록에 양사의 합계상소가 6개월여 동안 26회, 즉, 선조연간 전체 32%를 차지한다. 이러한 논쟁적인 사안으로 하여금 양사의 결집을 더욱 필요로 하였고, 계회도의 형식을 빌려 기록물로 남겼던 것으로 생각된다. This paper focuses on the newly unearthed <Eundae Kyehoedo(銀臺契會圖)> and <Manryukimohhapsa Kyehoedo(萬曆壬午合司契會圖)>. These works produced in the 16th century when kyehoedo was most popular have high completeness in the history of painting and both of the two works described Changdeokgung(昌德宮) before it was burned due to the Japanese invasion of Korea in 1592, so they are important data through which the appearance of the palace in the early Joseon can be assumed. In <Eundae Kyehoedo> that drew Seujeongwon(承政院) staff meeting, judging from the records that two persons were marked as ex-employees on the attendance roster and the two were assigned to a different place at the same time in the annals of King Myeongjong, the meeting was held for the purpose of ‘a farewell party.’ The production period of <Eundae Kyehoedo> was drawn as ‘1560’ based on the following three clues: first, the date of appointment of the two employees, August 19, 1560; second, the period between July 27, 1560 and September 26, 1561 when King Myeongjong stayed in Changdeokgung; and lastly, the coincident position of ‘Yun, Geun-Soo’ recorded in the attendance roster of <Seochongdaechinlimsayeondo(瑞蔥臺親臨賜宴圖)> and <Eundae Kyehoedo> produced on September 19, 1560. <Eundae Kyehoedo> was drawn centering around the view of the palace, so the proportion of ‘landscape painting’ is somewhat less. Yet, in terms of the expression of mountains, life-size ‘Eungbong(鷹峰)’ and ‘Bohyeonbong(普賢峰)’ were partially drawn. In particular, ‘Maxiapai(馬夏派)’ elements are noticeable in that it drew Bohyeonbong biased to the left, that it emphasized the view from the front and omitted distant scenery in the mist, and that it suggested a spacious room. In <Eundae Kyehoedo>, from the expression of the palaces depicted, architectural differences in Changdeokgung before and after the Japanese invasion of Korea in 1592 could be identified compared to <Donggwoldo(東闕圖)> produced prior to 1830. First, in <Donggwoldo>, Injeongmun(仁政門) was expressed in one story while in kyehoedo, it was expressed in two stories; Second, ‘Shipjagak(十字閣)’ at the corners of the left and right Hanggak(行閣) of Injeongmun also was drawn only in <Eundae Kyehoedo>. Lastly, ‘flagstones(薄石)’ of the roadways for king’ and ‘rubble masonry(雜石積工)’ technique of Injeongmun embankment expressed in kyehoedo also are the architectural elements that can only be seen in Changdeokgung prior to the Japanese invasion of Korea in 1592. <Manryukimohhapsa Kyehoedo> was produced to commemorate the joint meeting of ‘Hapsa(合司),’ that is, Sahunbu(司憲府) and Saganwon(司諫院) in ‘Imo’(임오: 1582) on ‘Manryuk(만력: 1573∼1620).’ The landscape of this work is ‘Baekaksan(白岳山)’ the central mountain in Hanyang, and the sharp images of Baekaksan were reflected as ‘a landmark’ in kyehoedo. Especially, it reproduced Baekaksan almost intactly, through which the artist’s will of expression for the real thing can be suggested. The contrast between black and white appearing though vaguely along with Danseonjeomjun(短線點皴) described in Dammuk(淡墨) in the entire Baekaksan suggests an impact of the 16th century landscape painting. In addition, on the dark haze of the entire painting reminds us of <Smoking landscape painting(煙雲山水圖)> by Yangsongdang Kim, ji(養松堂 金禔; 1524 ∼ 1593) representing the mid-Joseon period. It is assumed that the meeting in <Manryukimohhapsa Kyehoedo> was held because of ‘Rite(典禮問題) of Jeongneung(貞陵)’ a controversial issue during period. It is an important clue which are found in the meeting place and the meeting scene depicted in the painting. The meeting place is a very open space inside the imperial court, and the image of Yangsa(兩司; Sahunbu and Saganwon)sitting together in the yard reminds us of ‘Yangsahapbok(兩司伏閤)’ for a kind of robust expression of opinions toward the king. ‘The precedent issue regarding Jeongneung’ is a controversy that some insisted on the restoration of a posthumous epithet(諡號) and eulogistic posthumous title(尊號) of Queen Sindeok, a royal concubine of King Taejo and restore Jeongneung, and appeal together(合啓上疏) of Yangsa in the annals of King Seonjo during this period were raised 26 times for about 6 months, which takes up 32% of appeal together of Yangsa(合啓上疏) during the entire reign of King Seonjo. These controversial issues further necessitated the meeting of Yangsa and it is judged that they were documented in the form kehoedo.

Ni-MH 2차전지용 발포니켈 박전극의 급속충방전 특성에 관한 연구

박효정 경상대학교 1997 국내석사

부모의 성취압력적 양육태도가 청소년 자녀의 자아정체감에 미치는 영향 : 부모-자녀 친밀감을 조절변수로

박효정 평택대학교 상담대학원 2014 국내석사

Sergei Prokofieff의 'Visions fugitives Op.22'에 대한 분석

박효정 嶺南大學校 大學院 2000 국내석사

중학교 수학에서의 대수 개념에 대한 이해와 적용에 관한 연구 : 중학교 3학년 중심으로

박효정 조선대학교 교육대학원 1999 국내석사

Mathematics has greatly contributed to the development of human culture. It is the most important thing to learn the mathematical thoughts and its treatment-methods. Mathematical thoughs are not just the remembrance of knowledge but comprehension of that. The general aims of teaching mathematics in middle school are followings : to help students to understand the fundamental concepts, the principles and rules through the experiences of mathematical treating of various phenomena in mathematics. In the mathematical education of middle school, we should teach students to understand the concept of the algebraic structure. In this section Ⅱ, We defined some algebraic structures ; group, ring and field. And We described basic conceptions, principles, and properties of such algebraic structure. We have attempted to teach middle school students to learn basic contents and utilize these, and then to raise their ability of creation to solve other problems.

芥川龍之介 『地獄変』論 : 良秀 自殺의 意味를 中心으로

박효정 조선대학교 교육대학원 2006 국내석사

Yoshihide is a hero of 『Jigokuhen』 by Akutakawalyunosuke. This study considered about the Yoshihide's death problem. Akutakawa denied to reflect his every day in his products and attach importance to conscious composition and expression method. This Akutakawa's art for art's sake to pursue art for art merely and Yoshihide who adopted a positive attitude in completion of art as impractical existence had some relation from the point of view that they are fit for realization of perfect art for art's sake. Namely, Yoshihide is Akutakawa's ideal type that is expressed by conscious and intellectual mechanism. So ,in such a point, Akutakawa's artistic attitude had something in commom with Yoshihides' They have many points of likeness. A reality of life is hell to Yoshihide. Akutakawa's misfortunate life is hell, too. They look for escape from such a hell as art and they devote themselves for their art. Their attitude like this is that the art is the highest and it is originated by art for art's sake that can transcend everything as a strong belief on art. But, after all, they come to select a death as an end of life. Yoshihide believes that the completion of art can transcend every gnawing of life. So, after finishing his masterpiece that is the peak of ideals for him to pursue, the meaning of his death is significance loss of existence any longer. Further more, The beauty of Jigokuhen came to be greatest by his suicide, so it made his product illustrious. A writer Akutakawa suffered about heredity of mother's insanity and position of his product in change of period. In several complex factor, like his product often treat by death. If his life regard as a performance, his death is natural. Because it is method to look better art that he devote himself. So his death is the most natural and Akutakawa like, literature. Namely, Yoshihide's death that is significance loss of existence any longer as artist and making his product illustrious and Akutakawa's death that translate into art his life if his life regard as a performance had a same characteristic. that is natural as their life close to search for art for art's sake.

순천시 학교구강보건사업 평가

박효정 조선대학교 2010 국내석사

Evaluation of Oral Health Program for Elementary Schools in Suncheon City Park, Hou Jeong, B.S. Advisor: Prof. Kim, Dong-Kie, D.D.S.,M.S.D.,Ph.D. Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Health Science, Chosun University. keywords:primary school, dental caries prevention, DMFT index, oral health program Objectives:The main objective of the study is to explore the opportunities to improve on the reduction of dental caries through school oral health program and to promote the concept of lifelong oral health improvement. Materials and methods : The study is based on the data accumulated over 10 years. The experimental group consisted of 458 children from two schools that have oral health centers run by Suncheon Public Health Department, and the control group consisted of 823 childres from elementary schools in the Yisu area. These groups were compared to assess the effects of the school-based dental health centers on dental caries. The data that was obtained from the survey were analyzed using the SPSS 12.0. The effect of the caries prevention program was assessed by the difference of DMFT indices between the two groups. Results 1.The incidence rate of caries for the experimental group was 12.6 % lower than the control group, and the index of the incidence rate of caries for the control group was approximately two fold higher than that for the experimental group. 2.For the first graders, the health capacity score of the 1st permant molar for the experimental group was 97.9, and that for the control group was 98.7. The health score of the 1st permanent molar for the experimental group was 67.7 % higher than that for the control group. 3.It showed that the pit and fissure sealing possession rate of the control group was 67.7 %. 4.The prevention rate which was calculated by DMFT index was 46.34 % between the Suncheon sample group and the control group, and the rate was the highest for the fifth graders with 60.5 %. Conclusions : As a result, we have shown that the program has a beneficial, positive effect on preventing dental caries among the primary school children. The research findings suggested that we should continuously expand the oral health promotion program.

청년구직자의 진로준비행동과 진로적응성의 관계에서 자아탄력성의 매개효과

박효정 경성대학교 교육대학원 2016 국내석사

The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating effect of the ego-resilience of job-seeking young people on the relationship between their career preparation behavior and career adaptability. It's specifically meant to investigate the relationship among the career preparation behavior, career adaptability and ego-resilience of young job seekers and whether their ego-resilience would produce any mediating effects when career preparation behavior affected career adaptability. The subjects in this study were 500 selected job-seeking young adults in the cities of Busan and Ulsan. A career preparation behavior test, a career adaptability test and an ego-resilience test were carried out. After a survey was conducted, the answer sheets from 486 respondents were analyzed except for the ones that were incomplete or included unfaithful answers. A statistical package SPSS 20.0 was employed to make Pearson correlation analysis to look for connections among the major variables, and a three-stage regression analysis was made to test the significance of the indirect effect and mediating effect. The major findings of the study were as follows; First, there was s significant positive correlation between career preparation behavior and career adaptability, between career preparation behavior and ego-resilience and between career adaptability and ego- resilience. Second, whether ego-resilience had any mediating effect on the relationship between career preparation behavior and career adaptability was analyzed. As a result, the variables were significantly correlated. Career preparation behavior exerted a direct influence on career adaptability, and the former had an indirect effect on the latter through ego-resilience at the same time. Thus, ego-resilience produced a partial mediating effect. The findings of the study that better ego-resilience led to better career adaptability in the young job seekers suggest the necessity of intervention geared toward boosting ego-resilience. Therefore the kind of career counseling that considers ego-resilience as a major variable and focuses on personality traits should be provided for young job seekers to make a more rational career exploration, to be better ready for their future job and ultimately to adapt themselves better to it. Limitations to the current study and recommendations for future research are discussed. Keywords: job-seeking young people, career preparation behavior, career adaptability, ego-resilience.

대학생의 사회부과적 완벽주의가 주관적 안녕감에 미치는 영향: 유능감과 자기자비의 조절된 조절효과

박효정 나사렛대학교 재활복지대학원 2024 국내석사

본 연구의 목적은 사회부과적 완벽주의가 주관적 안녕감에 미치는 영향이 유능감과 자기자비의 값에 따라 언제 달라지는 지를 분석하는 것이다. 이러한 분석은 크게 두 가지로 나누어진다. 먼저, 사회부과적 완벽주의가 주관적 안녕감에 미치는 영향이 제1 조절변수인 유능감의 값에 따라 달라지는지를 분석하는 단순조절효과(2원 상호효과)에 관한 것이다. 두 번째는 제2 조절변수인 자기자비의 크기에 따라 2원 상호효과 자체가 언제 변화하는지에 관한 조절된 조절효과(3원 상호효과)를 분석하는 것이다. 본 연구의 실험에 참여한 전국의 297명의 대학생들의 자료를 이용하여 PROCESS macro에 의한 2원 상호효과와 조절된 조절효과를 검정한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 사회부과적 완벽주의가 증가하면 주관적 안녕감이 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 유능감이 증가했을 때 이러한 감소 폭이 완화되는 완충 효과가 나타나는 2원 상호효과가 발생하였다. 둘째, 자기자비의 크기가 증가하면서 유능감의 완충효과가 더욱 커지는 3원 상호효과(조절된 조절효과)가 확인되었다. 더불어 사회부과적 완벽주의가 증가하면서 유능성을 조절로 주관적 안녕감이 감소시키는 효과를 자기자비가 완화시키는데, 이때 자기자비 값이 크기와 상관없이 어느 누구에게나 일정하게 이러한 상호효과가 나타났다. 이 연구의 의의는 자기자비의 긍정적인 영향(사회부과적 완벽주의가 주관적 안녕감에 미치는 영향을 유능감이 완화시키는 작용)을 증가시키기 위하여 자기자비가 상담에서 중요한 요소임을 보여주는 것이다. 자기자비가 다른 요인에 어떤 영향을 미치는지의 후속 연구가 필요하다.

부모의 민원 정도가 보육교사의 스트레스 반응에 미치는 영향 : 지각된 사회적 지지와 회복탄력성의 매개효과

박효정 대구대학교 재활과학대학원 2024 국내석사

보육교사가 경험하는 부모의 민원 정도가 스트레스 반응에 미치는 영향에서 지각된 사회적 지지와 회복탄력성의 매개효과를 검증하였다. 이를 위해 부모의 민원 정도에 대한 설문지, 스트레스 반응, 지각된 사회적 지지, 회복탄력성 척도로 구성된 구조화된 자기보고식 설문지를 사용하여 온라인 조사를 실시하였고 254부를 회수하여 자료분석에 사용하였다. 회수된 자료는 빈도분석, 신뢰도 분석, Pearson’s 상관관계분석, 단순회귀분석, Hayes(2013)가 제안한 SPSS Process Macro model 4를 적용하였고 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 부모의 민원 정도와 보육교사의 스트레스 반응, 지각된 사회적 지지, 회복탄력성은 모두 유의한 상관을 보였다. 둘째, 보육교사의 지각된 사회적 지지는 부모의 민원 정도와 스트레스 반응의 관계에서 유의하였다. 셋째, 보육교사의 회복탄력성은 부모의 민원 정도와 스트레스 반응의 관계에서 유의하였다. 넷째, 부모의 민원 정도와 스트레스 반응의 관계에서 두 매개변인을 동시에 투입했을 때 지각된 사회적 지지는 유의하지 않았으나, 회복탄력성은 유의하였다. 연구 결과, 지각된 사회적 지지와 회복탄력성이 부모의 민원 정도와 보육교사의 스트레스 반응 간의 관계를 매개하는 요인임을 알 수 있었고, 보육교사의 스트레스 반응을 감소하기 위한 방안으로 이를 고려해야 함을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구는 보육교사의 내적 요인으로 접근하여 스트레스 반응의 차이가 존재함을 밝힌 것에 의의가 있다. 마지막으로 본 연구의 한계점과 추후 연구를 위한 제안점을 제언하였다. The mediating effect of perceived social support and resilience was verified in the effect of parental complaints experienced by childcare teachers on stress responses. To this end, an online survey was conducted using a questionnaire on the degree of parental complaints, a structured self-report questionnaire consisting of a stress response, perceived social support, and a resilience measure, and 254 copies were collected and used for data analysis. The recovered data applied frequency analysis, reliability analysis, Pearson's correlation analysis, simple regression analysis, and SPSS Process Macro model 4 proposed by Hayes (2013), and the analysis results are as follows. First, there was a significant correlation between the degree of parental complaints and the stress response of childcare teachers, perceived social support, and resilience. Second, the perceived social support of childcare teachers was significant in the relationship between the degree of parental complaints and stress responses. Third, the resilience of childcare teachers was significant in the relationship between the degree of parental complaints and stress responses. Fourth, in the relationship between parents' complaints and stress responses, the perceived social support was not significant, but resilience was significant. As a result of the study, it was found that perceived social support and resilience were factors mediating the relationship between parents' complaints and childcare teachers' stress response, and it was found that this should be considered as a way to reduce the stress response of childcare teachers. This study is meaningful in that it approaches the internal factor of childcare teachers and reveals that there is a difference in stress response. Finally, the limitations of this study and suggestions for further research were suggested.