승마선수의 인지된 경기력 척도 개발

박헌식 대구대학교 대학원 2026 국내박사

This study aimed to develop a scale to measure the perceived performance of equestrian athletes and to verify the item fit of the developed scale using the Rasch rating scale model. For this purpose, the study was conducted through a two-stage procedure involving the development of a perceived performance scale for equestrian athletes and verification of item fit. Data were collected over a total of three stages. In the first stage of verification, a two-round Delphi survey was conducted with 77 participants in total (first round: 33, second round: 44). For the second stage of analysis, additional data were collected from 207 participants, bringing the total to 284 data points used in the final analysis. The survey tools included 60 initial items collected through a literature review and open-ended surveys, which were then refined to 48 items through categorization analysis and triangulation by a panel of four experts. Finally, the Delphi analysis and Rasch rating scale model were applied, leading to the following results. First, based on six factors (Interaction with the Horse and Condition=15 items, Psychological Stability and Confidence=9 items, Training and Preparedness=10 items, Physical Ability=4 items, Mental Strength and Motivation=6 items, and External Support=4 items), a second Delphi analysis was conducted with a total of 48 items. During the first round of verification, a closed scale was used by 33 experts, which led to the exclusion of three items (Q13: 'When I place in a previous competition, my performance is good at present'; Q35: 'My performance is good when I receive encouragement from parents and others'; Q40: 'My performance is good when I believe I have the physical attributes needed for equestrianism') that did not achieve over 70% agreement, reducing the number of items to 45. Based on the results of the first round, the second verification was conducted with 44 participants, leading to the exclusion of three more items (Q12: 'My performance is good when I can accurately perceive and analyze the surrounding situation without tension'; Q26: 'My performance is good when the regular gait appears upon directional change after jumping over obstacles'; Q27: 'I perceive my performance as good when I live with a consistent routine') that did not meet the criteria for CV, convergence, and agreement, resulting in a final set of 42 items distributed across six factors (Interaction with the Horse and Condition=14 items, Psychological Stability=8 items, Training and Preparedness=8 items, Physical Ability=3 items, Mental Strength and Motivation=6 items, and External Support=3 items). Second, the suitability of the perceived performance scale for equestrian athletes was verified in terms of response categories, dimensionality, item fit, differential item functioning by gender, respondent attributes, and item difficulty. The response category analysis revealed that the original 5-point scale was unsuitable due to the failure of steps 1 and 2 to meet the step calibration difference criteria, so it was adjusted to a 4-point scale. This 4-point response category was found to be valid. Dimensionality analysis revealed three clusters, but all 42 items were confirmed to meet unidimensionality, indicating they could be explained by a single common factor. The item fit analysis found that a total of nine items (Q8: 'My performance is good when the horse is actively exercising on its own'; Q1: 'My performance is good when the horse obeys my commands well'; Q24: 'I perceive my performance as improving with hard training'; Q30: 'My performance is good when I manage myself well in daily life'; Q19: 'My performance is good when I am not fearful of the horse'; Q23: 'My performance is good when I am in good condition'; Q17: 'My performance is good when I am highly immersed in the situation'; Q12: 'My performance is good when the distance is right with the horse while jumping over obstacles'; Q5: 'My performance is good when the horse’s gait feels strong') did not meet the internal and external fit indices, while item Q25 ('My performance is good when training goes well') was identified as overfitting. Additionally, the differential item functioning analysis by gender found that three items (Q1: 'My performance is good when the horse obeys my commands well'; Q11: 'My performance is good when a bond is formed with the horse'; Q22: 'My performance is good when I perceive myself as growing') showed differential functioning by gender. Finally, in the analysis of respondent attributes and item difficulty, it was found that 30 items remained valid in measuring relevant attributes after excluding 12 items (Q8, Q1, Q24, Q30, Q19, Q23, Q17, Q12, Q5, Q25, Q11, Q22) with issues in item fit or gender-based differential functioning. In terms of item difficulty, item Q3 was the easiest, while item Q35 was the most difficult. The distribution alignment between respondent attributes and item difficulty exhibited a high reliability index, confirming the items' suitability for measuring respondent attributes. In conclusion, the perceived performance scale for equestrian athletes was developed with a 4-point response category and a unidimensional structure, consisting of a total of 30 items. In this scale, higher scores indicate higher perceived performance levels for equestrian athletes. This led to the conclusion that this scale enables reliable measurement of subjective performance for equestrian athletes. Additionally, this scale is expected to provide valuable data for self-perceived performance evaluations of equestrian athletes, facilitating the assessment of training outcomes and contributing to the development of customized training programs in the future. 본 연구는 승마선수의 인지된 경기력을 측정할 수 있는 척도를 개발하고, Rasch 평정척도 모형을 활용하여 개발된 척도의 문항 적합도를 검증하는 데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 승마선수의 인지된 경기력 척도 개발과 문항 적합도 검증이라는 2단계 절차로 연구를 진행하였다. 본 연구에서는 총 세 차례에 걸쳐 자료를 수집하였으며, 1차 검증을 위해 2차 델파이 조사를 실시하여 77명(1차=33명, 2차=44명)에게 자료를 수집하였다. 이후 2차 검증 단계에서 추가로 207명의 자료를 수집하여 최종적으로 284명의 자료를 분석에 활용하였다. 조사 도구는 문헌 고찰과 개방형 설문을 통해 수집한 60개 문항의 원자료를 4명의 전문가 집단이 범주화 분석 및 삼각검증법을 통해 48개 문항으로 구성한 후, 델파이 분석과 Rasch 평정 척도 모형을 적용하여 최종 결과를 도출하였다. 첫째, 총 48개 문항은 6개 요인(말과의 상호작용 및 상태=15문항, 심리적 안정감 및 자신감=9문항, 훈련 및 준비 상태=10문항, 신체적 능력=4문항, 정신력 및 동기=6문항, 외부 지원=4문항)을 바탕으로 구성되었고, 2차 델파이 검증 결과 3개 문항이 삭제되어 45개 문항이 결정되었다. 이후 1차 검증 결과를 토대로 2차 검증을 실시하여, CV, 수렴도, 합의도 기준에 미달된 3개 문항을 추가로 삭제한 후 6개 요인에 총 42개 문항이 확정되었다. 둘째, 승마선수의 인지된 경기력 척도의 적합도를 응답 범주, 차원성, 문항 적합도, 성별에 따른 차별기능문항, 응답자 속성, 문항 곤란도 측면에서 검증하였다. 응답범주 분석에서는 기존 5점 척도의 1점과 2점 응답범주가 적절한 단계 조정값을 충족하지 못해 이를 통합하여 4점 척도로 재분석하였고, 4점 척도가 타당한 것으로 확인되었다. 차원성 검증에서는 세 개의 군집이 나타났으나, 42개 문항이 일차원성을 충족하여 하나의 공통 요인으로 설명됨을 확인하였다. 문항 적합도 분석에서는 총 9개 문항이 내적 및 외적 적합도 지수에서 부적합하게 나타났고, 25번 문항은 과적합한 것으로 확인되었다. 성별에 따른 차별 기능 문항 분석 결과 3개 문항이 성별에 따라 차별적인 기능을 보였으며, 최종적으로 적합도 및 성별 차별 기능이 확인된 12개 문항을 제외한 30개 문항이 적절한 속성을 측정하는 것으로 나타났다. 문항 곤란도에서는 3번 문항이 가장 낮고 35번 문항이 가장 높은 곤란도를 보였으며, 응답자 속성과 문항 곤란도의 분포 일치도에서 신뢰 지수가 높게 나타나 문항들이 응답자 속성을 측정하는 데 적합한 것으로 검증되었다. 결론적으로, 승마선수의 인지된 경기력 척도는 4점 응답범주와 단일 척도로 구성되었으며, 총 30개의 문항으로 최종 개발되었다. 이 척도에서 점수가 높을수록 승마선수가 인지하는 자신의 경기력 수준이 높다고 해석할 수 있으며, 이를 통해 승마선수의 주관적 경기력을 신뢰성 있게 측정할 수 있다는 결론에 도달하였다. 본 척도는 승마선수의 자기 인식에 기반한 경기력 평가에 유용한 자료를 제공함으로써, 선수들의 훈련성과를 평가하고 향후 맞춤형 훈련 프로그램 개발에 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

韓國 住宅行政에 관한 연구

박헌식 경희대학교 행정대학원,1990 1990 국내석사

승모판 협착증에서 심방세동의 동반과 좌심방의 크기

박헌식 경북대학교 1993 국내석사

류마티성 승모판 협착증에서 동성조율군과 심방세동군에서 임상적 증상의 지속시간 및 심초음파도학적 여러가지 치수의 차이를 알기위해 심방세동군 69례와 동성조율군 81례를 비교하였다. 심방세동군과 동성조율군에서 좌심방 내경은 5.2±0.76 cm와 4.6±0.84 cm, 그리고 우심실 내경은 2.2±1.21 cm와 1.8±0.76 cm로써 심방세동군에서 유의한 증가가 있었다. 그러나 승모판구 면적은 양군에서 차이가 없었다. 심방동동군은 년령이 45±10.6세로써 동성조율군의 37±12.0세 보다 평균 8년 많았으며, 임상증상을 가진 기간도 심방세동군은 7.8±6.03년, 동성조율군은 4.1±4.15년으로써 평균 3.7년이나 많았다. 그리고 좌심방 내경이 4.6 cm에 이르면 심방세동의 발생빈도가 급격히 많았졌고 좌심방 내경이 5.8 cm이상이 되면 거의 대부분의 승모판 협착증에서 심방세동이 생김을 알 수 있었다. 결론적으로 이야기하면 승모판 협착증에서 심방세동의 빈도는 좌심방이 커진 예들에서 많았으며 심혈관계 증상의 지속기간이 오래되고 년령이 많은 예들에서 많은 것을 알 수 있었다. 69 patients of the (MS+AF) group who had mitral stenosis with atrial fibrillation and 81 patients of the (MS+SR) group who had mitral stenosis with sinus rhythm were compared for the difference in the duration of clinical cardiovascular symptoms and in echocardiographic measurements. Left atrial dimension of the (MS+AF) group and the (MS+SR) group were 5.2±0.76 cm and 4.6±0.84 cm respectively. Right ventricular dimension of the (MS+AF) group and the (MS+SR) group were 2.2±1.21 cm and 1.8±0.76 cm. Consequently, the left atrial dimension and right ventricular dimension of the (MS+AF) group increased more than that of the (MS+SR) group (p < 0.0001, p < 0.05 respectively). There were no difference, however, in the mitral valve area between both the groups. The mean age of the (MS+AF) group and the (MS+SR) group were 45±10.6 years old and 37±12.0 years old. The mean durations of clinical cardiovascular symptoms in the (MS+AF) group and the (MS+SR) group were 7.8±6.03 years and 4.1±4.15 years. So the mean age and the durations of clinical cardiovascular symptoms in the (MS+AF) group significantly increased more than that in the (MS+SR) group. It was also observed that the incidence of atial fibrillation abruptly increased if the left atrial dimension became 4.6 cm. The atrial fibrillation in the most of patients with mitral stenosis developed when the left atrial dimension became 5.8 cm. In conclusion, it is noted that the occurrence of atial fibrillation in the patients with mitral stenosis significantly increased when the left atrial dimension further increased, when the durations of clinical cardiovascular symptoms were longer and when the age of patients became older.

惠能의 禪思想 硏究 : 敦煌本 「壇經」 中心으로

박헌식 동국대학교 2009 국내석사

The purposes of the study are to understand Seon Theory of Hui-Neung and what his theory tried to inform to us and to prove that Seon Theory of Buddhism in these days was originated from Hui-Neung. For the purpose, literatures on Hui-Neung's Seon theory including Donhwangbon &#985172;Dahn-gyeong&#985173; were reviewed. Hui-Neung who was the 6th Master of Seon Buddhism of China and First Master of the Southern Seon School and is acknowledged as a most important person. Hui-Neung explained consistency of meditation and wisdom (定慧一致), entire concentration of the mind on buddha (一行三昧), thoughtlessness (無念), absence of characteristics (無相), non-abiding (無柱), the Four Great Vows (四弘誓願), repentance on absence of characteristics (無相懺悔), the precept of the three dependence on absence of chacteristics (無相三歸依戒) at the &#985172;Dahn-gyeong&#985173;. These theories were quoted from Mahayama Sutra such as &#985172;Diamond-Cutter Sutra&#985173;, &#985172;Nirvana Sutra&#985173;, &#985172;Neunga Sutra&#985173;, &#985172;Lotus Sutra&#985173;, &#985172;Yuma Sutra&#985173;. It shows that his theory was completed by these sutras. Also he suggested simple ascetic practice named sudden enlightenment to see buddha-nature (頓悟見性) differentiated from complicated practice of India Buddhism. The Seon theory of Hui-Neung is consisted of Buddha Nature of &#985172;Nirvana Sutra&#985173; and Prajna Nature of &#985172;Diamond-Cutter Sutra&#985173;. He accomplished sudden enlightenment to see buddha-nature (頓悟見性) practice which these two natures are integrated and had taught people to live transcendentally. From his Seon theory, Hatek-Sinhoi initiated "Jongron of Hwaldae" and established the Southern Seon School. After Hatek-Sinhoi begun establishing movement of the Southern Seon School in 732, various sects such as the Udoo Sect of Keumreung, the Bodang Sect of Sacheon, the Hongju Sect of Ma-zu had insisted authority of Seon. The Udoo Sect and the Bodang Sect had disappeared in one century and the Hongju Sect of Ma-zu completed Josa Seon family. Finally, Jogye-Hui-Neung's Seon Buddhism was put in good order as a settled religion and held an indisputable position through Jogye-Hui-Neung, Namak-Haeyang, and Ma-zu-Dao-yi.

體育活動과 學生들의 精神的 疲勞度와의 聯關 關係에 관한 硏究

박헌식 淸州大學校 1987 국내석사

In spite of the generally-accepted truth that human life should be that circulatory repetition of exercises, fatigue attended and rest the modern society has had his unsettled mental fatigue heaped up by depriving him of physical activity absolutely essential to health. For most students in the high time of growth in their lives, physical activities are really in dispensable, the aim of which would be to cultivate their minds and bodies so as far them to keep themselves healthy and to assume the responsibility for the next society. In view of these shortly mentioned above this study aims at investigate the relation between physical activities and mental fatigue, and at obtaining some basic information of how to manage physical activities desirably. 52 primary and middle(girl) school students were given Flicker Tests and the questionnaires of standardized fatigue perception. Designed by the Labour & Health Institute of Japan. The results of the study can be summarized as follows 1. Men's fusion frequency of Flicker is higher than woman's 2. The fusion frequency of Flicker in classes related with physical activities is higher than that in other classes 3. As a result of the higher fusion frequency of Flicker in physical education classes, the mental fatigue rate seems lowered. 4. Physical education classes for primary school students can desirably be placed on Thursdays or Fridays when the rate of mental fatigue is said to reach the apex. 5. Weak-sighted students fusion frequency of Flicker is low, so we can consive that fatigue perception depends on the visual power. 6. Short students are liable to feel more mental fatigue. 7. Students light in weight also tent to feel more mental fatigue. Accordingly, the better his or her physical conditions are the less fatigue he or she feels. 8. Compared with common students athletes have the higher rate of fusion frequency of Flicker. So, the instruction of gymnastics and recreational activities for common students is said to be necessary. 9. Accordingly to the classification of each fatigue perception rate for three domains, the preception rate of physical state is highest; that of mental state, second and that of nervous state lowest.

都市.農村과 性別에 따른 學業的 自我槪念과 學習習慣의 比較

박헌식 계명대학교 교육대학원 1983 국내석사

韓國養子制度에 관한 法的考察 : 兒童福祉와 關聯하여

박헌식 建國大學校 1987 국내석사

Some Properties of Extensions of Banach Algebras

박헌식 전주대학교 1987 국내석사

學校法人의 財産管理에 關한 硏究 : 高等敎育機關의 財産管理를 中心으로

박헌식 延世大學校 經營大學院 1968 국내석사