박주현의 작품 연구 : 1. 한 대의 클라리넷을 위한 <걸음>(2016) 2. 두 대의 피아노를 위한 <종>(2018) 3. 클라리넷과 피아노를 위한 <산림>(2016) 4. 플루트, 클라리넷, 바이올린, 첼로와 피아노를 위한 <겨울>(2017)

박주현 이화여자대학교 대학원 2019 국내석사

This thesis is a study on four works from the graduation recital of Juhyun Park, a graduate music composition student at Ewha Womans University. It is aimed to research and demonstrate the background, form, pitch structure, and development method of the following works: Step for clarinet solo (2016), Bell for two pianos (2018), Woodland for clarinet and piano (2016) and Winter for flute, clarinet, violin, cello and piano (2017). On May 23, 2018, these works were premiered at the Ewha Womans University College of Music Recital Hall. Step for clarinet solo, influenced by Density 21.5, is a work for solo flute by Edgard Varèse (1883-1965). It consists of three sections and expresses various musical aspects through repetition and change of two intervallic combinations: the minor second and the major second. This is expanded via octave displacement, and includes different qualities such as the extended technique of flutter tonguing. Bell for two pianos was inspired by the experience of viewing The Divine Bell of King Seongdeok the Great, when visiting Gyeongju. In the modern day, this bell can no longer toll, but was re-imagined musically by using continuous sound and homophonic repetition as a major developmental factor. The four parts of the work are unified by emphasizing the acoustical expression of the beating phenomenon, with the latter section related to Impressionistic influence. Forest for clarinet and piano is based on the image derived from the poem "Blank" by Jonghwan Do. The concept of "blank" is used as the theme of this work, expressed in terms of sound duration, rests, and pitch relationship. It is divided into three sections through seven chords using the 1:2 scale. Winter for flute, clarinet, violin, cello and piano was inspired by the painting, Starry Night (1922-1924), by Edvard Munch (1863-1944). This composition relates to the atmosphere of the picture and is divided into five sections. Through variation between perceived dissonant harmonic collections and consonant harmonic collections, the contrast of the picture's images are expressed. This contrast is also represented by timbre shift via extended techniques. In providing study of these works, this paper demonstrates how ideas related to various experiences are expressed in music. These ideas include specific behaviors, travel, poetry and painting. Also explored, are ways in which these musical ideas can be used more deeply in the music language through various techniques and methods for musical instruments. 본 논문은 이화여자대학교 일반대학원 음악학부 작곡과 박주현의 석사 졸업 작품 발표회를 위한 네 개의 작품에 관한 연구이다. 한 대의 클라리넷을 위한 <걸음>(2016), 두 대의 피아노를 위한 <종>(2018), 클라리넷과 피아노를 위한 <산림>(2016), 플루트, 클라리넷, 바이올린, 첼로, 피아노를 위한 <겨울>(2017)의 작곡 배경과 형식, 음정 구조, 전개 방식 등에 대해 알아보고자 함에 목적이 있으며, 2018년 5월 23일 이화여자대학교 리사이틀홀에서 초연되었다. 한 대의 클라리넷을 위한 <걸음>은 바레즈(Edgard Varèse, 1883-1965)의 플루트 독주곡 <밀도 21.5(Density 21.5)>에 영향을 받아 작곡된 곡이다. 세 개의 부분으로 구성되며 두 개의 특정한 음정 구조인 단2도와 장2도, 원형집합 (0 1 2)를 활용한다. 또한 전개 방식에 있어서 상행하는 선율선, 이중 선율선, 동음 반복, 옥타브 전위(Octave displacement)와 음정 구조 및 리듬의 변형 등으로 걸음의 다양한 모습을 나타낸다. 두 대의 피아노를 위한 <종>은 경주 여행에서 성덕대왕신종을 관람한 경험을 바탕으로 작곡된 곡이며 전체 네 개의 부분으로 구성된다. 현재는 타종이 중단되어 소리를 직접 들을 수는 없지만 그에 대한 상상에서 음악적 아이디어를 얻었다.여타 악기들과 달리 평균율로 조율된 피아노는 음들 간의 맥놀이를 많이 발생시킨다는 특징을 가지고 있으며, 맥놀이 현상의 두 음파를 표현하기 위해 두 대의 피아노를 선택하였다. 종의 특징인 맥놀이 현상은 단2도와 증4도로 구성되는 지 속음, 동음 반복, 대위적인 진행 등을 통해 표현된다. 클라리넷과 피아노를 위한 <산림>은 도종환의 시 <여백>에서 받은 심상을 바탕으로 작곡된 곡이며 세 개의 부분으로 구성된다. 산림 속에서의 시간적 여백이 곡을 통해 나타나며 여백은 음가의 길이, 쉼표, 음정 관계, 하행하는 아르페지오 등의 제스처들을 통해 표현된다. 또한 피보나치 수열을 활용하여 구성된 일곱 개의 화성을 통해 전체적인 통일성을 갖는다. 플루트, 클라리넷, 바이올린, 첼로, 피아노를 위한 <겨울>은 뭉크(Edvard Munch, 1863-1944)의 <별이 빛나는 밤 (Starry Night), 1922-1924>에서 영감을 받아 작곡된 곡으로 그림의 분위기와 관련성을 가지며 다섯 개의 부분으로 구 성된다. 불협화적인 화음 구조는 스산한 겨울의 분위기를 의미하는 반면, 협화적인 화음 구조는 따뜻한 마을의 불빛, 분위기를 나타낸다. 점묘적인 선율들의 대위적 진행을 통한 전개 방식을 주로 사용하며, 바이올린, 첼로, 클라리넷, 플루트에 서 부분적으로 특수 주법이 사용됨으로써 음색적 변화가 나타난다. 본 연구에서 분석되는 네 개의 곡은 표제적인 성격을 포함하며 특히 음정 구조와 화성, 전개 방식, 특수 주법 등을 통해 주제와 밀접하게 관련되어 있음을 알 수 있다.

廢道具를 통한 박주현 조각 연구

박주현 부산대학교 2012 국내석사

인류가 막연한 염원을 예술로서 표현한 신석기 시대에서부터 이미 고도의 하이 테크놀로지(high-technology)가 인간의 오감을 충족시켜 주고 있는 현재까지도 유토피아(Utopia)로 향한 예술가들의 노력과 의지는 이어져오고 있다. 현대미술은 제1, 2차 세계대전 후 세계 곳곳에서 예술가들에 의해 전위적인 움직임이 동시 다발적으로 일어나기 시작한다. 이러한 현상은 예술계 전반에 걸쳐 나타났으며 다다이즘과 미래주의와 같이 급진적인 형태로 까지 이르게 된다. 이러한 운동은 과거의 예술을 그대로 따르거나 모방을 하는 것이 아니라, 그것을 파괴하고 전혀 다른 것을 추구하며, 초월적인 현실에 도달하기 위한 의지로 표출되어졌다. 1916년 마르셀 뒤샹은 기성품인 남성변기<샘>에 싸인을 한 뒤 전시를 하였는데, 당시 획기적 전환을 가져 옴으로써 일상적 사물에 대한 가치가 예술가들에 의해 변하기 시작하였다. 오늘날 현대미술에서 시각예술의 비중은 더욱 중요시 되었고 일상의 생활과 장소에 까지 쉽게 파고들고 있다. 그러므로 연구자는 작업의 소재를 일상의 사물로의 영역으로 범위를 확대시켜 인간의 삶과 밀접한 오브제를 선택하게 되었다. 연구자는 기성품의 오브제(objects ready-made)중에 일상의 도구들을 선택하게 되었는데, 노동의 가치가 담긴 손 도구(연장)를 통해 작업의 실마리를 풀어 가고 있다. 본연구의 흐름을 살펴보면, Ⅰ장 서론에서 연구의 목적 과 필요성, 연구의 내용 및 방법에 관하여 제시하고, Ⅱ장 에서는 도구의 역사적 흐름과 (aesthetic discovery of useless tools :폐도구의 미학적 발견)을 알아보았다. Ⅲ장에서는 다양한 (폐도구:useless tools)의 유형별로 구분하였고, 제작과정을 통해 작품설명 및 전시 디스플레이의 방향 점을 제시하였다. 연구자는 생활 속 오브제의 일부인 도구들을 통해 대중들에게 쉽게 접근하는 방식을 시도해 왔다. 일반가정에서도 흔히 볼 수 있는 망치, 못, 톱과 같은 친근한 소재들을 통해 유연한 생각과 다양한 시각으로 대중들에게 현대미술을 이해하는데 도움이 되었으면 하는 바람이다. 그리고 본 연구를 통해 연구자가 그 동안 지나치기 쉬었던 오브제에 대해 새로운 눈으로 볼 수 있는 안목과 인식의 변화로 가져다주는 계기가 될 것이다. The endeavor and will of artists have been focused towards utopia from the Neolithic era, when mankind expressed vaguely defined wishes through art, to the present, a time in which high-technology satisfies the five senses of humans. The avant-garde movement had been propelled by modern artists throughout the world simultaneously after the first and second world wars.? It had come out across the art world and shown radically new forms with Dadaism and Futurism. This movement did not follow previous art, nor imitate it. It destroys itself and seeks something which is completely different. It was expressed by the will to reach towards transcendental realities. In 1916, Marcel Duchamp signed on an already-made good, Fountain and displayed it.It brought ground breaking transition and value to everyday things that have been changed by artists. Today, contemporary art has been filtered into people's daily lives and spaces. Most notably, visual art is given much weight in the contemporary spectrum.? Therefore, the role of the researcher became to select an object which is obscured in people's daily lives for their art work. He has chosen a common tool among ready-made objects and concreted the concept and body of works which have labor value through it. The objects, necessities, and scope of these studies, as well as the ways through which it is attempted are given in the introduction. The aesthetic discovery of useless tools and the history of tools are studied in the second chapter. In the third chapter, the varied useless tools are divided by formation and the explanation of artworks and direction of artwork display are told. He has been trying to approach to the public easily through tools which are the part of objects in life. Intimate materials such as hammers, nails and saws that we often see at home it would be helpful for the public to understand contemporary art in terms of flexible ideas and diverse perspectives. This research will serve as momentum to bring an eye to look at art through a fresh perspective and change perception about the objects that we have easily overlooked.

Christ wolf의 [nachdenken uber christa T.]에 관한 고찰 : 사회주의 리얼리즘으로부터의 탈피 : 朴株賢

박주현 이화여자대학교 교육대학원 1997 국내석사

소셜 네트워크 분석과 텍스트 마이닝 기반 항공 서비스 개선에 관한 연구

박주현 한국항공대학교 일반대학원 2021 국내석사

본 연구에서는 지속적인 성장세를 보이는 항공산업의 성장과 산업 내 경쟁 심화로 인해 항공 운송 서비스를 이용하는 고객의 욕구가 다양해짐에 따라 고객 만족을 우선시 여기는 서비스 중심의 경영 전략 수립에 있어 시사점을 제공하고자 고객이 직접 작성한 온라인 리뷰를 기반으로 분석을 진행하고 분석을 통하여 대안들을 도출한다. 온라인 리뷰를 활용하여 텍스트 분석을 수행한 뒤 해당 분석의 결과를 기반으로 하여 소셜 네트워크 분석을 진행하였고, 소셜 네트워크 분석은 네트워크 내에서 각 개체 간 미치는 영향, 그리고 사람 및 조직의 사회적 관계와 행위자를 통해 인식되는 사회 관계를 파악하는 분석을 의미한다. 해당 분석은 관계가 이루어지는 모든 곳에 적용할 수 있으며 텍스트를 구성하는 단어들의 연결망을 추출함으로써 텍스트의 구조적 의미에 대하여 더욱 잘 파악할 수 있다. 본 연구는 소셜 네트워크 분석으로 활용되는 다양한 분석 방법 중 네트워크를 파악하는 데에 중요한 척도로 사용되고 단어를 일컫는 개체 즉, 액터가 전체 네트워크 구조에서 얼마나 중심에 위치하고 있는지의 정도를 나타내는 의미 연결망 분석과 관계가 형성된 단어들이 어떤 역할을 하고 있는지 상관관계 분석을 수행하여 적정한 수준의 유사 집단을 파악할 수 있는 분석인 구조적 등 위성 분석을 수행한다. 본 연구는 크게 3가지의 소주제로 구성되어 있다. 첫째, 온라인 리뷰를 활용하여 텍스트 분석을 진행한 데이터를 기반으로 소셜 네트워크 분석을 수행하여 저비용 항공사의 대거 출범으로 대형 항공사와 저비용 항공사 간 경쟁 이 심화되면서 중요하게 대두된 각 항공사의 서비스 견해를 비교해보고 항공사 관점 및 서비스 품질 모형 관점으로 비교 작업을 수행하며 본 소주제는 박주현 & 이현철 (2019)의 기존 연구를 활용하였다. 둘째, 항공산업 내 경쟁이 심화되어 경쟁적 우위가 필수적인 최근의 항공운송 경영 환경에서 고객 유형을 세분화하는 것의 중요성이 대두되고 서비스 제공자와 고객 간 상호작용이 이루어지는 서비스 접점이 서비스 품질에 큰 영향을 미친다는 기존 연구 결과를 뒷받침하고자 본 주제에서는 항공사 데이터를 통해 서비스 접점에 대해 분석하고 후에 고객을 세분화하여 서비스 접점에 따라 비교한다. 셋째, 여행 수요가 가속화되고 지역 시장이 통합되면서 빠르게 변화하는 공항 산업은 갈수록 복잡하고 다양해지는 고객의 니즈(needs)와 부합하는 서비스를 제공하는 것의 중요성이 높아짐에 따라 본 주제는 공항 서비스 품질에 대한 다양한 관점의 고객 인식을 확인하기 위하여 공항을 이용한 고객들의 온라인 리뷰를 기반으로 한 소셜 네트워크 분석을 통해 고객의 인식을 세분화하여 기존에 상정되어 있는 공항 서비스 품질 모형에 대입시켜 고객의 인식을 파악해보고자 한다. 본 연구에서는 텍스트 분석을 기반으로 한 소셜 네트워크 분석 중 많이 활용되는 방법인 의미 연결망 분석과 구조적 등위성 분석을 중점적으로 활용하여 고객의 개별적인 인식을 파악하는 수준을 넘어 전체 네트워크 내 형성되어 있는 관계 및 구조를 분석함으로써 항공 운송 서비스를 개선함에 있어 해결방안을 제시하며 시사점을 도출하는 데에 의의가 있다.

배양 상아질모세포 분화에 미치는 키토산의 효과

박주현 조선대학교 대학원 2010 국내석사

Dentin is a mineralized tissue formed by odontoblasts that are differentiated from ectomesenchymal cells. The molecular mechanism of differentiation in odontoblasts remains unclear. Chitosan is the N-deacetylated derivative of chitin and has been recommended as a functional material because of its biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-toxicity and adsorption properties. Several bioactivities such as antitumor activity, cholesterol-lowering effects, immunoenhancing effects, antidiabetic effects, wound healing effects, antifungal activities and antimicrobial activities of chitosan also have been known. Although numerous literatures are available on the pharmacological and biological activities, the biological activity of chitosan in tooth formation process has not yet been well defined. In this study, the effect of chitosan was, therefore, investigated in the differentiation of MDPC-23 cells derived from mouse dental papilla cells. To determine the characteristic alteration of MDPC-23 cells by chitosan in the differentiation of MDPC-23 cells, it was examined by RT-PCR, observation of cell morphology and Alizaline red-S staining after inducing experimental differentiation in MDPC-23 cells. The results are as follows. 1. Chitosan significantly increased and accelerated the expression of ALP mRNA as compared with the control in a time-dependent manner in the differentiation of MDPC-23 cells. 2. Chitosan significantly accelerated the decrease of ColⅠ mRNA expression as compared with the control in a time-dependent manner in the differentiation of MDPC-23 cells. 3. Chitosan significantly accelerated the decrease of ON mRNA expression as compared with the control in a time-dependent manner in the differentiation of MDPC-23 cells. 4. Chitosan significantly accelerated the mineralization as compared with the control culture in the differentiation of MDPC-23 cells. These results suggest that the chitosan facilitate the odontoblast ddifferentiation and mineralization in the differentiation of MDPC-23 cells, and therefore, that it may have potential properties for development and its clinical application of dentin regeneration materials.

완전제어형 식물공장 내 광조사 시간 및 광질이 갓의 생육과 품질에 미치는 영향=

박주현 서울시립대학교 일반대학원 2018 국내석사

Recently, there has been increasing interest in plant factory where crops can be cultivated under conditions that are not affected by the external environment. Therefore, researches are being actively carried out to cultivate crops by controlling various environments in plant factory. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of irradiation time and light quality on the growth and quality of leaf mustard known as functional vegetables. In order to investigate the effects of irradiation time on growth and quality of leaf mustard, irradiation time was controlled 8 hours, 12 hours, 16 hours and 20 hours, respectively. In order to investigate the effects of light quality on growth and quality of leaf mustard, light qualities were controlled red+blue (3:2) LED, red LED, blue LED, white LED and fluorescent lamp. Photosynthesis rate increased with increasing irradiation time. As a result, the highest shoot fresh weight and dry weight were shown in the treatment of 20hours. Chlorophyll content was high at the treatment of 8hours, 12hours. Carotenoid content was highest at treatment of 12hours. Anthocyanin content was lowest at treatment 8hours. The other treatments showed no significant differences. Sinigrin content increased with increasing irradiation time. The light use efficiency was the highest in the treatment of 20hours. Red+blue(3:2) LED, red LED, blue LED, white LED and fluorescent lamp used in plant factory. Shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight were the highest in red+blue LED. The lowest shoot fresh weight and dry weight were shown in the treatment of fluorescent lamp. Also, leaf curling was observed depending on the light quality. The leaf curling was severe in red LED and fluorescent lamp with less blue wavelength. Nitrogen content in leaf was lowest in the treatment of red light and highest in fluorescent lamp. Potassium content was high in the treatment of blue LED and lowest in the treatment of fluorescent lamp. Total carotenoid contents were highest in white LED and lower in red+blue LED. Total anthocyanin contents were highest in blue LED and lower in red LED. Sinigrin content increased in blue LED and red+blue LED, which contained blue wavelengths. Power consumption was highest in fluorescent lamp. Among the LED, Power consumption was the highest in blue LED. The light use efficiency was highest in red+blue LED. 최근 실내에서 작물의 재배가 가능한 완전제어형 식물공장에 대한 관심이 높아짐에 따라 다양한 환경을 조절해 작물을 재배 하는 연구가 활발하게 이루어지고 있다. 본 연구는 갓(Leaf mustard, Brassica juncea L.)을 대상으로 광조사 시간과 광질이 생육과 품질에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 실시하였다. 광조사 시간이 갓의 생육과 품질에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 광조사 시간은 하루를 기준으로 하여 8시간, 12시간, 16시간, 20시간으로 각각 설정하였다. 광질이 갓의 생육과 품질에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 광질은 적색광 LED와 청색광 LED를 3:2로 혼합한 혼합광(RB LED), 적색광(R LED), 청색광(B LED), 백색광(W LED), 그리고 형광등(FL)으로 총 5수준으로 처리하였다. 광조사 시간에 따른 광합성 속도는 광조사 시간이 길어질수록 증가 하였고 20시간 처리구에서 생육이 가장 높았다. 엽록소 함량은 광조사 시간이 짧은 8시간, 12시간 처리구에서 높고 16시간, 20시간 처리구에서 낮은 경향을 보였다. 카로티노이드 함량은 12시간 처리에서 가장 높았다. 안토시아닌 함량은 정식 14일 후 처리 간 유의적 차이를 보이지 않았으나 정식 21일 후 8시간 처리구에서 가장 낮게 나타났으며 나머지 처리에선 유의적 차이를 보이지 않았다. 갓에 함유된 glucosinolates 중 시니그린(sinigrin) 함량은 광조사 시간이 길어질수록 증가하였고, 광이용효율은 20시간 처리구에서 4.71g·MJ-1로 가장 높았다. 광질에 따른 갓의 생육은 혼합광에서 가장 높았으며 백색광과 형광등에서 생육이 저조하였다. 광질에 따라 잎 말림 현상이 나타났는데 이 현상은 청색파장이 적게 들어간 적색광과 형광등에서 두드러지게 나타났다. 정식 21일 후 엽록소 함량은 적색광에서 가장 높았으며, 혼합광에선 우수한 생육으로 인한 희석효과로 인해 가장 낮게 나타났다. 카로티노이드 함량은 적색광과 청색광에서 가장 높았고 혼합광에서 유의적으로 낮았다. 안토시아닌 함량은 청색광에서 가장 높았으며 적색광에서 유의적으로 낮았다. 시니그린 함량은 청색파장이 많이 포함된 청색광과 혼합광에서 증가 하였다. 광 이용 효율은 형광등에서 가장 낮았으며 혼합광에서 형광등의 2.7배인 9.33g·MJ-1으로 가장 높았다. 실험 기간 동안 소비전력량은 LED가 형광등에 비해 약 40% 낮았으며, LED 간의 소비전력량은 청색광이 가장 높았고 혼합광, 적색광, 백색광 순이었다. 광조사 시간 실험에서 갓의 생육, 품질 및 광이용효율 등을 고려했을 때 20시간 광조사가 가장 적합 하다고 판단된다. 또한 광질 실험에서는 적색광과 청색광 하에서 자란 갓의 생육이 가장 우수하며 청색광 하에서 갓의 품질이 우수 하였다. 따라서 청색광과 적색광을 적절히 혼합한다면 더욱 품질이 우수한 갓을 재배할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

박막 태양전지용 금속 캘코젠 단일 전구체 합성 및 응용

박주현 충북대학교 대학원 2013 국내석사

In this study, novel metal chalcogenide single precursors have been synthesized and characterized for inorganic thin film solar cell. The novel precursors synthesized are [Cu(dmampS)]4 (I), In(dmampS)2Cl (II), In(dmampS)3 (III), In(dmampS)2SeCN (IV), In(dmampS)2SCN (V), Ga(dmampS)2Cl (VI), Ga(dmampS)3 (VII), Ga(dmampS)2SeCN (VIII), Ga(dmampS)2SCN (IX), Zn(dmampS)2 (X), and Sn(dmampS)2 (XI), where dmampS is 1-(dimethylamino)-2-methylpropane-2-thiolate. The compounds were characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR, spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and mass spectrometry. X-ray single crystallography study shows that I, X, and XI are tetrameric, tetrahedral, and seasaw structure, respectively while all of II, IV, VI, VIII, and IX reveal a distorted trigonal bipyramidal geometry at a metal center. Thermal decomposition of I, III, X, XI under nitrogen atomosphere resulted in the formation of Cu2S, In2S3, ZnS, SnS, respectively. CZTS nanoparticles was also prepared by the thermal decomposition of a mixture of I, X and XI precursors.

교모세포종 치료를 위한 초음파 약물전달체 연구

박주현 연세대학교 대학원 2023 국내석사

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common malignant brain tumor in adults, with a very short survival period of less than 15 months on average. This low survival rate is largely due to the difficulty of treatment of GBM, and no special treatment method has yet been developed. In conventional chemotherapy, the delivery of drugs is limited due to the blood-brain barrier (BBB), causing side effects to normal tissues along with effective treatment difficulties. Therefore, an approach using microbubbles and cavitation by ultrasonic waves that can increase the efficiency of drug delivery by temporarily opening BBB is drawing attention. In this study, microbubbles were produced, and the structure of microbubbles microscope was used to verify that the drug was capsulated inside the microbubbles. In addition, electrophoresis experiments proved that the siRNA capsulated inside the microbubbles is effectively protected against RNase, and when ultrasonic waves are irradiated, it was confirmed that the siRNA inside is released. Through this, it was confirmed that the microbubbles produced have usefulness as drug carriers. In addition, in this study, doxorubicin was capsulated inside microbubbles and animal experiments were conducted using it. As a result of the experiment, drug delivery using microbubbles showed a significant decrease in tumor volume growth rate. These results showed the potential of our synthesized microbubbles as a promising drug carrier in the treatment of glioblastoma. Therefore, this study suggested the possibility of microbubbles that can be used as drug carriers in GBM treatment. This approach can present a new strategy that simultaneously achieves effective delivery of drugs and reduction of side effects, and open up new hopes for GBM treatment. It is necessary to evaluate the practicality and clinical applicability of these drug carriers through more experiments and clinical studies. was analyzed using an electron transmission microscope (TEM) to confirm that there was sufficient space for drugs to be capsulated inside. In addition, a confocal 교모세포종(GBM, glioblastoma multiforme)은 성인에서 가장 흔히 발생하는 악성 뇌종양으로, 환자의 생존 기간이 평균적으로 15개월 미만으로 매우 짧다. 이러한 낮은 생존율은 GBM의 치료의 어려움이 크게 기인하고 있으며, 특별한 치료 방법이 아직 개발되지 않다. 기존의 화학요법에서는 혈관-뇌 장벽(BBB)으로 인해 약물의 전달이 제한되어 효과적인 치료 어려움과 함께 정상 조직에 부작용을 유발하는 문제가 있다. 따라서, BBB를 일시적으로 개방하여 약물 전달의 효율성을 높일 수 있는 미소기포와 초음파에 의한 캐비테이션을 이용한 접근 방법이 주목받고 있다. 본 연구에서는 우선 미소기포를 제작하고, 전자투과현미경(TEM)을 사용하여 미소기포의 구조를 분석하여 내부에 약물이 탑재될 수 있는 충분한 공간이 있음을 확인하였다. 또한, 공초점현미경을 활용하여 미소기포 내부에 약물이 탑재됨을 검증하였다. 더불어, 전기영동 실험을 통해 미소기포 내부에 탑재된 siRNA가 RNase에 대해 효과적으로 보호되는 것을 입증하였으며, 초음파가 조사됐을 시, 내부의 siRNA가 방출됨을 확인하였다. 이를 통해 제작된 미소기포가 약물 전달체로서의 유용성을 갖추고 있음을 확인하였습니다. 또한, 본 연구에서는 미소기포 내부에 독소루비신을 탑재하고 이를 이용하여 동물 실험을 수행하였다. 실험 결과, 미소기포를 이용한 약물 전달은 종양 부피 성장률의 유의미한 감소를 나타내었다. 이러한 결과는 우리가 제작한 미소기포가 교모세포종 치료에 있어서 유망한 약물 전달체로서의 잠재력을 보여주었다. 따라서, 본 연구는 GBM 치료에 있어 약물전달체로써 활용될 수 있는 미소기포의 가능성을 제시하였습니다. 이러한 접근 방법은 약물의 효과적인 전달과 부작용 감소를 동시에 이루는 새로운 전략을 제시하고, GBM 치료에 대한 새로운 희망을 열어줄 수 있다. 더 많은 실험과 임상 연구를 통해 이러한 약물전달체의 실용성과 임상 적용 가능성을 평가할 필요가 있다.

초등학교학교장의 학습중심지도성(Learning-centered Leadership)과 교사 전문성 간의 관계 분석

박주현 조선대학교 대학원 2010 국내박사

ABSTRACT Analysis on the relations between the Learning-centered Leadership of elementary school principals and the professionalism of teachers Park Joo Hyun Advisor: Prof. Song Kyoung-Oh, Ph. D. Department of Education Graduate School of Chosun University In debating the leadership of a school principal, the idea of the Educational Leadership, which was recently introduced, has been considered as a proper concept of leadership for a principal that is differentiated from the normal leadership concept of organizations and is more suitable for school organization. The Educational Leadership in a school principal means 'the leadership of a principal who has a comprehensive influence on the various and general matters of school education in order to enhance the effectiveness in schooling.' The Educational Leadership seems to have a little limitation, however, that a principal as a top manager of a school organization might not focus on the key area of a school-the teaching and the learning-while exerting every effort on every matter. In this work, we will supplement the limitations in the Educational Leadership of a principal, create and fix a model for a new Learning-centered Leadership of a elementary principal which agrees with the Teaching-and- Learning-oriented Education for the global and information-oriented society in the 21st century, and then inspect it through a positive feasibility study, and after that, we will lastly explore influences on the perceived professionalism - the knowledge on a subject, the skills in teaching, the managing ability in class, and the view of a teacher. And we aim to find out whether the Educational Leadership in a school principal would be proper for the improvement of teachers' professionalism or not. The Learning-centered Leadership of a elementary principal puts emphasis on the teaching and learning for school members in order to enhance school education through the advancement of the teacher's professionalism. Also, it means the leadership of a principal who takes part in organizing and operating student-oriented curriculum with a specialized view into the educational process, and influences positively in encouraging learning for the purpose of achieving the goal of the school education. For these purposes, the following questions were asked. First, How is the Learning-centered Leadership of a elementary principal organized on a conceptual basis? Second, Are those conceptual components in the Learning-centered Leadership of a elementary principal valid? Third, How much and what influence does the Learning-centered Leadership of a elementary principal have on the level of teachers' perceived professionalism? For answering the above questions, a questionnaire composed of 115 question items was organized through a pilot test. The questionnaire papers were distributed among and asked to elementary teachers working in Kwang-ju, a total of 600 papers to 60 elementary schools. Of the 503 questionnaire papers filled in, 474 valid papers but the 29 improper ones were used for the data analysis. The reason this questionnaire was asked only of the teachers in the west and east offices of education was that there was a belief that Kwang-ju includes both urban area and rural area - especially in the west -, has large and small schools alike, contains national, public, and private schools all around, and has teachers from a variety of colleges, and thus could represent the general Korean education. The analyzing process was done through using the applications of SPSS for window version 12.0 and AMOS 5.0. The levels of significance were respectively p<.05, p<.01, p<.001. Findings on if the conceptual models and components of the Learning-centered Leadership of a elementary principal would be valid, and about what influences the Learning-centered Leadership of a elementary principal has on teachers' perceived professionalism are summed up as follows. First, the Learning-centered Leadership of a elementary principal is conceptually composed of the three variable elements such as the teaching-and-learning supports, the specializing of the education process, and the encouragement of learning. The validity of these conceptual models was verified through the element analysis for confirmation. As a result of confirming fidelity index and model verifying, null hypothesis, generally showing a test of goodness of fit in models, was rejected since chi-squared() distribution showed 39.863(p<0.000). And for other tests of goodness, the goodness of fit index(GFI) was 0.982, the adjusted goodness of fit index(AGFI) 0.949, the compared goodness of fit index(CFI) 0.991, the non-normal goodness of fit index(NNFI) 0.979, the normal goodness of fit index(NFI) 0.985. And, RMR in this study is 0.015 which shows pretty good, and RMSEA is 0.056 which fit to OK. Therefore, this model of the Learning-centered Leadership of the elementary principal can be considered as a proper type to general principals of the elementary schools. Second, what influences the sub elements of the Learning-centered Leadership of a elementary principal (the teaching-and-learning supports, the specializing of educational curriculum, scholarship activity) have on the 4 elements of the perceived professionalism of teachers (the knowledge on a subject, skills in teaching, the managing ability in class, and the view of a teacher) was analyzed. So the Learning-centered Leadership of a elementary principal has much to do with 'the knowledge of subject' element, 'the skills in teaching' element, and 'the view of a teacher' element. Third, the Task-oriented Leadership of a elementary principal which was input in order to prepare the Learning-centered Leadership of a elementary principal with the traditional leadership of a school principal had effects just on 'the skills in teaching(p<.01)' element, and 'the managing ability in class(p<.01)' in the perceived professionalism, but didn't on 'the knowledge of subject' element, and 'the view of a teacher' element. On the other hand, the Unity-oriented Leadership of a elementary principal influenced only on the 'the view of a teacher(p<.01)' element in the perceived professionalism of teachers. The points of discussion on the basis of these results of analysis are as follows. In this study, the result of the analysis on the relationships between the Learning-centered Leadership of a elementary principal and the perceived professionalism of teachers told us that the Learning-centered Leadership of a elementary principal has much to do not only with 'the knowledge of subject' element, and 'the skills in teaching' element, but also with 'the view of a teacher' element of the perceived professionalism of teachers. This is perhaps because the Learning-centered Leadership of a elementary principal gives support to teaching and learning, emphasizes on the learning of school members, and so raise teachers' specializing. It is believed that this kind of leadership could play the most important role in encouraging elementary students to study on a self-leading basis and adjusting themselves to the knowledge based society and in getting up teachers' specializing. Fink and Resnik(2001) confirmed that the exertion of the Learning-centered Leadership in the education of the elementary school is such a necessary part and the self-discipline in the part of a principal is so much important, by presenting that the principal with the Learning-centered Leadership will continue to improve his own specialization of leadership, give teachers opportunities for learning and encourage them, and will be very helpful to the enhance the specialization of a teacher. On the other hand, the Task-oriented Leadership of a elementary principal and the perceived professionalism of teachers (the knowledge of subject, the skills in teaching, the managing ability in class, the view of a teacher) showed that the Task-oriented Leadership of the elementary principal has an influence on 'the skills in teaching' element and 'the managing ability in class' 'the view of a teacher' element, but has little to do with 'the knowledge of subject' element, and 'the view of a teacher' element. This result enables us to assume that teachers under the Task-oriented Leadership of a elementary principal has been concerned about the improvement of their skills of teaching and the managing ability in class because of the frequent imposing of the tasks from a principal and the everytime checking on the results. On the other hand, 'the View of a Teacher' element was not affected seemingly because of the unsatisfaction in school life from the authoritarian leadership of the principal-centered system and the laying great stress on outputs. Also, this result of the substantiating analysis on the relationship between the Unity-oriented Leadership of a elementary principal and the perceived professionalism of teachers showed that the Unity-oriented Leadership of a principal has a meaningful relationship with 'the View of a Teacher' element of teachers, whereas it has a little relationship with 'the knowledge of subject' element, 'the skills in teaching' element, and 'the managing ability in class' element. We can presume from this result that the Unity-oriented Leadership of a elementary principal makes a principal come into friendly relationships with teachers, and value their competences and thus that teachers have the firm convictions and show good attitudes in school work. Meanwhile, when a principal in the elementary school is too friendly and helpful, there is some possibility that teachers become indifferent to improve the teaching and learning method and to manage the class and so there may be not good results of the enhancement in the knowledge of the subject, the skills in teaching, and the managing ability in class. Chang Nae-chan and Oh Youn-hee(2001) also said in their paper, 'The study of the relationship between the Leaderships of Task-oriented and the Unity-oriented Leadership and the satisfaction level of job elements, that the Unity-oriented Leadership of a principal makes a good trust and the warm atmosphere among members as its leadership is based on the good human relationship, but achieves little. Based on this debate, the following suggestions can be made. The principals of elementary schools may have been likely to think their roles to be just the improving the inter-relationship between teachers and to put an emphasis on the material supports. However, only that kinds of activities of a principal must have limitations to enhance the specialization of teachers and to boost up the schooling power. Therefore, principals should have solid and clear visions for teachers' specializing and students' education so as to raise the quality of the school education and then attain the goal effectively(Fink and Resnik, 2001). When the exertion of the Learning-centered Leadership of the elementary principals is really needed like this, the competence and responsibility to exert the Learning-centered Leadership must be enhanced in advance. And nextly, through supporting for teaching and learning, for organizations and operations of student-oriented curriculum, and by exerting the scholarship-activities based leadership, teachers' specializing will be raised up, the quality of students' education will be improved and the learning competence in students will be promoted. Likewise in order to enhance the competence and aptitude to exert the Learning-centered Leadership, the principal-centered in-service trainings need to be reinforced.

배양 인슐린종세포에서 Cyclosporine에 의한 세포독성에 미치는 Glutathione의 영향

박주현 조선대학교 대학원 2000 국내석사

Cyclosporin A(CsA) is a immunosupressive agent most widely used in organ transplanted patients for preventing immunorejection, but it has some side effects, including hypertension, nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity and diabetes. The mechanism of toxicity of CsA was not completely understood but the reactive oxygen species proposed to be involvement in the reaction of toxicity of CsA. The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of glutathione, as a physiological antioxidant on CsA induced cytotoxicity in rat insulinoma(RINm5F) cells. RINm5F cells were incubated in the presence of CsA(105-108M) and buthionine sulfoximine(BSO), as a inhibitor of r-glutamy cysteine synthetase, was added to cultured media(RPMI1640). 24 hrs after CsA and BSO, viable cells were determined by MTT method. CsA decreased cells viability dose response in cultured RINm5F cells. This decrease was potentiated by addition of BSO but decreased significantly by addition of reduced glutathione. These result suggested that CsA may be induce the diabetes and glutathione have some roles in the pathogenesis of CsA-induced diabetes.