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金昌浩 부산대학교 사회과학대학 1981 社會科學論文集 Vol.20 No.-
Poor management and internal weaknesses are a greater threat to organizational survival than the highly publicized external threats. Statistics from recent years make this point more evident : "of every one hundred new business establishments started, approximately fifty, or one half, go out of business within two years. By end of five years, only one third of the original one hundred will still be in business." Most of the failures can be attributed to ineffective leadership. This paper is designed to review the theories of leadership : (1) the traits theory-Chester I. Barnard and Ralph M. Stogdill ; (2) the acceptance theory-the zone of acceptance and Characteristics of a good instruction ; (3) the behavioral theory the Ohio State Studies, the Michigan Studies, and the managerial grid ; (4) the situational theory Fiedler's contingency model and path-goal leadership model (Martin Evans and Robert House). The leadership process (LP) is a function of the traits(t), the acceptance(a), the behavior(b), and other situational variables(s), that is , LP=f(t, a, b, s). It is important to note that this equation make no mention of any particular type of organization.
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일과 가정의 관계에 관한 연구 : 企業文化論으로서의 小考 as Corporate Culture
金昌浩 부산대학교 사범대학 1990 교사교육연구 Vol.21 No.-
Recently, many researchers tries to explain relations between work and family, especially, the appearance of these articles in an influential like the Harvard Business Review strongly reinforces the status quo. Du Pont has already built Corporte Work and Family Comittee in July 1987 and so Levi Strauss does, in order to study and make recommendations on work and family issues, with emphasis on child care. Because work/family conflicts were thought to be having a major effect on affirmative action results. In short, we value both business and family. So, the forms of everyday work flexibility are much more important than more publicized forms such as mommy tracks and daddy tracks, the most important need for many employees is not to get away from work, through providing flexibilities such as ① work restructuring, ② the freedom to take time off, ③ part-time work, and ④ job sharing. Corporate mission has also been changed : Johnson & Johnson, which see its 40-year-old corporate credo as central to its culture, recently added the statement, "We must be mindful of ways to help our employees fulfill their family obligation." Du Pont has developed a mission statement that commits it, in part, to "making changes in the workplace and fostering changes in the community that a sensitive to the changing family unit and the increasingly diverse work force." There are tendencies to show these issues in Korea. For examples, 'Another Culture' published 「Housewife, her Deadlock and Open」, Shinsegae Department Store starts a movement with the slogan of "the praise of Family", and Hyundai Department Store -"the praise of Housewife." And United Technology in Korea-the praise of 'Husband' (as the head of a family) with the title of that 'Perhaps, Do you know anyone like this man?' Relations between Work and Family are as follows; ① one of welfare programs, ② corporate value change, ③ on the women's side, or man's side. Work and Family issues will make the corporate mission and corporate culture to be changed. Also, the issues don't set limits to Women any more, furthermore not to men, and include both sides. So solving the problems of the issues is up to how to extend role of men and role of women.
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金昌浩,任慶彬 東國大學校 1992 東國論叢 Vol.31 No.-
Namsan, an another name Mok-myuk-san used in past days, lies at almost geometric center of Seoul city. The altitude of the peak attains to 265m and 2.1Km long and 2.7Km wide, about 300 hectares of area. Since selecting Seoul as the capital site which dates back to about 600 years ago, Namsan literally meaning "a southernly located mountain" was cultivated and protected by the government under strict control rules particulary during Chosun dynasty because nation though it has a symbolic meaning of capital's prestige. It is realized that Namsan has been operating, a cooling oasis in Seoul a heated large island and lungs of it. It is furnishing immense influeneces in various ways whether as being tangible or intanggible assets to the citizens. One of historical records says that the government mobilized 3000 mean to plant pine seedlings in this area for 20 days with 500 assistants in the spring of 1411. Taking many other records into account the scenic landscape of Namsan was very highly valued. Currently this low hilly mountain has been designated as the Seoul Natural park and loved by all the citizen. In present paper authors dicussed some hisorical and cultural aspects of Namsan and presented the floral list. The dominating endemic species are Pinus densiflora S. et Z. and Quercus mongolica Fisher and subdominating ones are Sorbus alnifolia Koch, Prunus sargentii Rehder and Styrax japonica S.et Z. and Rhododendron mucronulatum Turcz. as shrub. the community of Pinus densifora itself or with some accompanying species occupied a little more than 25 percent of the total area. The same was found with the Quercus mongolica community. As this area belongs in terms of ecology to the deciduous broadleaved forest zone, the characteristic species are Evodia daniellii Hemsley, Maakia amurensis Rupr. et max., Prunus padus L. var. seoulensis Nak., Sorbus commixta Hedl., Lindera obtusiloba Blume, Zelkova serrata Makino, Ulmus parviolia var. coreana Uyeik, Quercus serrata Thunb., Quercus aliena Blume, Quercus dentata Thunb., Quercus acutissima Carr, Carpinus lakiflora Blume, Alnus hirsuta var. sibirica Schneider, Juglans mandshurica max., Salix glandulosa Seem., Populus davidiana Dode and others. Some big and aged trees are growing. The trees of DBH more than 70cm are Ginkgo biloba L., Zelkova serrta Makino, Salix pseudolasiogyne Lev., Robinia pseudoacacia L. and Platanus orientalis L. and trees 60∼70cm of DBH are Prunus padus var. seoulensia Nak., Ailanthus altissima Swingle, Quercus acutissima Carr., ulmus pumila L., Salix matsudana for. tortuosa Rehder and Kalopanax piatus Nakai among them, the biggest one, Ginkgo biloba L., attains 108cm of DBH. And suggested is better to stick to endemic species in furture reforestation work rather refraining from introduced ones. This means that to keep this area with original native tree species and remain wild state as much as possible is our necessary responsibility, avoiding introduced foreign trees.
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김창호 釜山外國語大學校 1999 外大論叢 Vol.19 No.5
The purpose of this study is to summarize recent research related to group work in second language learning in order to provide a foundation for understanding the advantages of cooperative work in fostering second language acquisition in school settings. The principles of second language acquisition, drawn from current theory and research on second language acquisition processes, provide a guideline for planning cooperative group activities. More importantly, they provide a yardstick that can be used to measure the extent to which any educational strategy is structured in ways likely to facilitate language acquisition. There are three essential aspects of the second language acquisition process: (1) plentiful and appropriate input, which provides multiple exposures to language forms and uses in a natural context; (2) frequent opportunities for interaction related to real communicative needs, including demands that meaning to be negotiated between speakers to assure mutual comprehension; and (3) an environment that puts leamers at ease and so encourages efforts to communicate. The summary of the study is as follows: 1) In the cooperative learning classroom, input is often plentiful, appropriate and comprehensible. More students are working at an appropriate level of language and concept development. For all groups, input is made comprehensible through the negotiation process inherent in cooperative learning. 2) In the cooperative learning classroom, students can receive significantly more individual language practice opportunities through the process of interaction and negotiation. Communication is learned in realistic situations, minimizing the problem of transfer from the hypothetical to the real. If students learn to praise, question, express ideas, seek participation of others, disagree, build on the ideas of others, and seek consensus in the process of real communication, they will learn skills useful in life. 3) In the cooperative learning classroom, students feel less pressure and anxiety in expressing themselves in a foreign language. The students have engaged in team building and social skill development activities, and they know each other well and have learned to provide support and assistance. They provided a needed language unit or help the student formulate the idea. They all know that there will be individual accountability, and for them to do well each of them must master the material. Students feel the support of their teammates and feel safe to experiment with unfamiliar language forms and ideas. Talking and negotiating with three supportive others is far easier than giving a speech to 30 others in the evaluative environment of the whole class.
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