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바이오마커는 임상 분야에서 널리 적용되는 지표이나, 삼차신경통과 관련된 연구는 부족하다. 삼차신경통 환자들에게 신경차단술과 고주파 열 응고술을 시행하였을 때 통증이 의미 있게 감소하는지 관찰하고, 또한 바이오마커들도 유의미한 변화를 보이는지 알아보고자 한다. 본 연구는 15명의 삼차신경통 환자와 15명의 대조군의 혈액을 기반으로 인터루킨-6, 혈관 활성 장내 폴리펩타이드, 물질 P, 칼시토닌 유전자 관련 펩타이드를 분석하였다. 삼차신경통이 진단된 후, 신경 차단술과 고주파 열 응고술 시행 후, 총 3번에 걸쳐 혈액을 채취하였다. 혈액을 통해 바이오마커를 분석하였고, 대조군과 삼차신경통 군의 기저치와 삼차신경통 군의 치료를 진행하면서 변화를 비교하였다. 환자들의 통증은 신경 차단술과 고주파 열 응고술 이후에 모두 감소하였다. 4가지 바이오마커 모두에서 신경 차단술과 고주파 열 응고술 전후에 유의미한 차이가 관찰되지 않았다. 결과적으로 삼차신경통 군에서 신경 차단술과 고주파 열 응고술 이후에 통증이 줄어들었지만, 바이오마커들의 수치에는 유의미한 차이를 확인할 수 없었다. Biomarkers are widely utilized in the medical field. However, conclusive biomarkers have not been established related to chronic pain. This study aims to observe whether pain significantly decreases in patients with trigeminal neuralgia subsequent to nerve block and radiofrequency thermocoagulation, and to determine if there are significant changes in biomarkers as well. Blood samples were collected sequentially 3 times, following diagnosis, nerve block, and after radiofrequency thermocoagulation. Using collected blood, four biomarkers were analyzed via enzyme linked immunoassay. After nerve block and radiofrequency ablation, the patients' pain was reduced. In all four biomarkers studied, there were no statistically significant differences before and after trigeminal nerve block and radiofrequency thermocoagulation. In conclusion, this study demonstrated significant reduction of pain after the nerve block and radiofrequency thermocoagulation. However, any biomarkers did not show any significant differences before and after procedure.
수술실 간호사의 극복력과 직무스트레스가직무만족도에 미치는 영향
수술실은 고도의 의료행위가 이루어지는 특수 부서로서, 병원 내 다른 부서에 비해 간호사의 스트레스 정도가 높다. 이때 극복력이 높은 간호사는 수술실 업무에서 발생하는 스트레스를 효과적으로 관리하고 대처할 수 있으며, 직무스트레스가 낮을수록 직무만족도는 높아지게 된다. 직무만족도가 높으면환자에게 양질의 서비스를 제공하고, 효과적으로 역할을 수행할 수 있으므로수술실 간호사의 직무만족도를 높이는 것은 중요하다. 본 연구는 수술실 간호사의 극복력, 직무스트레스, 직무만족도 정도를 확인하고, 극복력과 직무스트레스가 직무만족도에 미치는 영향정도를 규명하여수술실 간호사의 직무만족도를 높이기 위한 중재 프로그램 개발의 기초자료로제공하고자 시행된 서술적 조사연구이다. 연구 대상은 경상북도와 대구광역시소재 8개 종합병원 수술실에서 근무하는 간호사 150명을 편의표집 하였으며, 자료 수집은 2023년 10월 20일부터 10월 31일까지 구조화된 설문지를 이용하여 실시하였다. 자료 분석은 SPSS/WIN 26.0 프로그램을 이용하여 빈도, 백분율, 평균, 표준편차, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient, multiple regression analysis를 실시하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 수술실 간호사의 극복력 평균 점수는 3.69±0.57점, 직무스트레스 평균 점수는 3.38±0.60점, 직무만족도 평균 점수는 3.19±0.47점이었다. 2. 수술실 간호사의 일반적 특성과 근무관련 특성에 따른 극복력, 직무스트레스, 직무만족도에 대한 차이는 다음과 같다. 1) 극복력은 규칙적인 운동 여부(t=2.22, p=.028), 취미여가 활동 여부(t=2.17, p=.031)에 따라 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다. 2) 직무스트레스는 성별(t=-2.30, p=.023), 근무 형태(F=4.77, p=.010), 연장근무 시간(F=4.57, p=.012)에 따라 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다. 3) 직무만족도는 월소득(F=6.86, p=.001), 규칙적인 운동 여부(t=3.19, p=.002), 취미여가 활동 여부(t=3.84, p<.001), 근무 시 역할(t=-3.53, p=.001), 연장근무 시간(F=3.31, p=.039)에 따라 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다. 3. 수술실 간호사의 직무만족도는 극복력과 유의한 양의 상관관계가 있었으며(r=.49, p<.001), 직무스트레스와는 유의한 상관관계를 보이지 않는 것으로나타났다(r=-.06, p=.474). 4. 수술실 간호사의 극복력과 직무스트레스가 직무만족도에 미치는 변수는일반적 특성 중 취미여가 활동 여부(β=.18, p=.010)와 근무관련 특성 중 근무시 역할(β=.23, p=.001), 극복력을 구성하는 하위 영역 중 기질적 패턴(β=.31, p=.001)과 철학적 패턴(β=.21, p=.029)이었으며, 이러한 변수가 직무만족도에 미치는 설명력은 36%였다. 본 연구의 결과를 볼 때 수술실 간호사의 직무만족도를 향상시키기 위해서는 취미여가 활동과 근무 시 역할이 고려된 극복력 증진 프로그램 개발이필요함을 확인하였다. 후속 연구를 위한 제언으로 본 연구에서는 대상자를 종합병원 수술실 간호사로 편의표집 하였으므로 연구대상자를 확대하여 반복 연구를 시행할 필요가있다. 또한 본 연구는 양적 연구로 양적으로 확인되지 못한 부분을 심층적인조사를 통해 확인할 필요가 있으므로 질적연구를 제언한다. The operating room is a special department where advanced medical procedures are performed, and the level of stress for nurses is higher than other departments in the hospital. At this time, nurses with high resilience can effectively manage and cope with the stress that occurs in operating room work, and the the lower the job stress, the higher the job satisfaction. It is important to increase operating room nurses' job satisfaction because job satisfaction provides high quality services to patients and enables them to perform their roles effectively. The study was designed as a descriptive survey which provide basic data for development of an intervention program to increase the job satisfaction of operating nurses to confirms the levels of resilience, job stress, and job satisfaction among operating room nurses and to determine the impact of resilience and job stress on job satisfaction. The participants were covenience sample of 150 nurses working in the operating rooms of eight general hospitals in the Gyeongsangbuk-do and Daegu regions. and data collection was conducted from October 20 to October 31, 2023, using structured questionnaires. Data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 26.0 software, employing descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient, and Multiple regression analysis. The results of this study are summarized as follows. 1. The average of operating room nurses’s resilience experienced during work was 3.69±0.57 points, the average job stress was 3.38±0.60 points, and the average job satisfaction was 3.19±0.47 points. 2. The resilience according to the subject’s general characteristics and carreer characteristics of operating room nurses was statistically significant difference depending on regular exercise(t=2.22, p=.028), hobbie and leisure activities(t=2.17, p=.031). The job stress was statistically significant difference depending on gender(t=-2.30, p=.023), patterns of duty(F=4.77, p=.010), overtime work hours(F=4.57, p=.012). The job satisfaction was statistically significant difference depending on monthly income(F=6.86, p=.001), regular exercise(t=3.19, p=.002), hobbie and leisure activities(t=3.84, p<.001), roles at work(t=-3.53, p=.001), overtime work hours(F=3.31, p=.039). 3. Job satisfaction had a significant positive correlation with resilience (r=.49, p<.001), and job stress and job satisfaction did not show a significant correlation (r=-.06, p=.474). 4. Factors affecting the job satisfaction of operating room nurses are their roles at work (β=.23, p=.001), hobbies and leisure activities (β=.18, p=.010) and among the sub domains that constitute resilience, temperamental patterns (β=.31, p=.001) and philosophical patterns (β=.21, p=.029), and the explanatory power was 36%. The result of this study is to enhance job satisfaction in operating roomnurses, it is essential to consider their roles during work and hobbies and leisure activities. Programs focusing on strengthening resilience should be developed. Recommendations for future research are expand the study population to enhance the generalizability of the findings because in this study, the subjects were convenience sampled from general hospital operating roomnurses. In addition, this study is a quantitative study, so it is necessary to confirm through in-depth investigation the parts that were not expressed quantitatively. Therefore, we propose a qualitative study in operating rooms.
고표면적을 가지는 엠보싱 표면구조 기반 고출력 마찰전기 나노발전소자 개발 연구
김승주 과학기술연합대학원대학교 한국화학연구원(KRICT) 2024 국내석사
Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have garnered significant attention due to their low cost and high performance. Achieving excellent TENG output performance requires selecting materials with a substantial potential difference and presenting specific methods to maximize the contact area between these materials. In this study, we fabricated and evaluated a high-performance TENG using two materials known for their significant potential difference: PDMS and silica. By forming microstructures on the surfaces of the triboelectric layers, we optimized the effective surface area through a silica embedding process, enhancing the TENG's output performance. The embedded silica positive triboelectric layer exhibits a larger surface area compared to a flat polymer layer, resulting in increased output current. Additionally, to increase the total contact area, we used porous PDMS with the same nanoscale dimensions as silica for the negative triboelectric layer. We controlled the embedding temperature and time to adjust the height of the silica exposed to the surface, thereby maximizing the power output of the TENG. Notably, this study utilized silica and SU-8 photoresist as positive triboelectric materials, with SU-8 used as a polymer to encapsulate the silica during the embedding process. We found that the SU-8 polymer exhibits stronger positive triboelectric properties than silica, a material widely known to be at the extreme end of the positive triboelectric series. By comparing the output of friction between microstructured and flat triboelectric layers, we confirmed that the combination of microstructured surfaces enhances the contact area and output current. It was confirmed that the maximum contact area between the exposed SU-8 polymer surface on the positive charge layer and the porous PDMS film on the negative charge layer produced a high output of 262V and 35 μA. This research is expected to contribute to significant advancements in TENG technology and holds potential applications for wearable devices and electronic devices. Key words : Contact area, Silica, Embedding process, Porous PDMS ,SU-8 photoresist 마찰 전기 나노 발전기(TENG)는 저렴한 비용과 고성능으로 인해 많은 주목을 받고 있다. 우수한 TENG 출력 성능을 달성하는 데는 상당한 전위차를 가진 재료를 선택하고 이러한 재료 간의 접촉 면 적을 극대화하는 구체적인 방법이 제시되어야 한다. 본 연구에선 상 당한 전위차로 알려진 PDMS와 실리카라는 두 가지 재료를 사용하 여 음전하층과 양전하층의 두 마찰면에 미세 표면구조를 형성시킨 고성능 TENG를 제작 및 평가하였다. 또한 실리카 임베딩 프로세스 를 통해 유효 표면적을 최적화하여 TENG의 출력 성능을 향상하였 다. 평탄한 고분자 양전하층에 비해 임베딩된 실리카 양전하층은 더 넓은 표면적을 갖기 때문에 출력 전류가 증가한다. 또한 총 접촉 면 적을 늘리기 위해 실리카와 동일한 나노 스케일의 다공성 PDMS를 음전하층으로 사용하였다. TENG의 전력 출력을 극대화하기 위해 임베딩 온도와 시간을 제어하여 실리카가 외부에 드러나는 높이를 조절하였다. 특히 본 연구에서는 양전하물질로 실리카와 더불어 SU-8 포토레지스트를 임베딩 과정에서 실리카를 감싸기 위한 고분 자로 사용하였는데, 양전하 물질의 극단에 위치한 물질로 널리 알려 진 실리카보다 SU-8 고분자가 더 강한 양전하 특성을 나타내는 것 을 실험을 통해 확인하였다. 또한 미세 표면구조가 있는 두 마찰면 의 조합을 통해 접촉 면적 및 출력 전류가 향상되는 것을 평탄한 마찰면과의 마찰 출력과 대조하여 규명하였고, 양전하층에 드러난 SU-8 고분자 표면 및 음전하층의 다공성 PDMS 필름 사이의 접촉면 적이 최대가 된 조건에서 262V와 35 μA의 높은 출력을 보이는 것 을 확인하였다. 이 연구는 TENG 기술의 유망한 발전에 도움을 줄 것으로 기대되며 웨어러블 장치 및 전자 제품에 잠재적으로 적용될 수 있다. 주요단어(Keyword) : 접촉면적, 실리카, 임베딩 프로세스, 다공성 PDMS, SU-8
우레아-포름알데하이드 마이크로캡슐을 이용한 자가소화 기능성 캡슐형 소화약제 개발
Modern society faces growing fire hazards due to the rising demand for lithium-ion battery-based products and the associated risk of electrical fires. Battery fires are particularly difficult to control in the early stages because of thermal runaway, leading to severe damage. Traditional fire suppression systems are often unsuitable for these fires, necessitating novel and efficient suppression technologies. This study develops self-extinguishing microcapsules for early fire suppression by encapsulating a phosphorus-based perfluorinated composite agent in urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin. The morphology and chemical properties were characterized by FT-IR and optical microscopy, while TGA confirmed the release temperature. Fire performance tests demonstrated superior suppression capability. This research provides comprehensive insights into composite fire-extinguishing agents and additives for enhanced early-stage fire control, showing improved self-extinguishing functionality and storage stability with UF-based microcapsules. The feasibility of applying these microcapsules in coating systems was confirmed, demonstrating effective fire suppression performance in simulated fire environments. These findings are expected to contribute to the development of efficient self-extinguishing fire suppression systems for early fire response, enhancing fire safety in real-world applications. 현대 사회는 전기화재 및 리튬이온배터리 기반 제품의 수요 증가로 다양한 화재 위험에 노출되어 있다. 특히, 배터리 화재는 열폭주로 인해 초기 대응이 어렵고 대규모 피해를 유발하며 기존 소화 시스템은 이러한 화재에 적합하게 적용되기 어렵기 때문에 새로운 효율적인 화재 대응 기술이 요구된다. 본 연구에서는 초기 화재 진압을 위한 자가소화 마이크로캡슐 개발을 목표로, 복합 소화약제를 개발하고 인계 퍼플루오르 물질을 소화 첨가제로 사용하여 소화 성능을 향상시켰으며, 이를 Urea-formaldehyde (UF) 기반 마이크로캡슐로 캡슐화하였다. 개발된 약제와 소화 캡슐의 형상과 화학적 특성은 FT-IR과 광학현미경으로 분석하고 TGA로 캡슐의 약제 방출 온도를 확인하였으며 소화 성능 평가를 통해 효과적인 화재 진압 성능을 입증했다. 이 연구는 초기 화재 억제를 위한 다양한 조성의 복합 소화약제 및 소화 첨가제에 대한 정보를 제공하고, UF 기반 마이크로캡슐을 활용해 소화 캡슐의 자가소화 기능과 저장 안정성을 개선한 결과를 제시한다. 또한, 도막 형태로의 적용성과 효과적인 화재 성능 결과를 통해 실제 화재 환경에서 초기 화재 진압을 위한 효율적인 자가소화 기능성 소화 시스템으로써 기여하고 화재 안전성을 향상시킬 것으로 기대된다.
김승주 성균관대학교 대학원 1995 국내석사
The nice concept of undeniable signatures was presented by Chaum and van Antwerpen. Briefly, an undeniable signature is a signature which cannot be verified without the help of the signer. They are therefore less personal than ordinary signatures in the sense that a signature cannot be related to the signer without his help. On the other hand, the signer can only repudiate an alleged signature by proving that it is incorrect. Boyar, Cham, Damgard and Pedersen introduce convertible undeniable signatures. In this schemes, release of a single bit string by the signer turns all of his signatures, which were originally undeniable signatures, into ordinary digital signatures. In this paper, we propose a new kind of signature scheme, called "nominative signatures", that is the dual scheme of undeniable signatures. Also we construct a zero -knowledge protocol that implements it. The new technique called "nominatiue signatures" achieves these objectives: Only nominee can verify the nominator(signer)'s signature and if necessary, only nominee can prove to the third party that the signature is issued to him(her) and is valid. Contrary to the undeniable signature scheme, nominative signatures are confirmed via a protocol between the nominee and the third party, so the cooperation of the nominee is necessary. That is, Not a signer(nominator) but verifiednominee) can control the abuse of signatures. - undeniable signature cannot be verified without the cooperation of the signer, so the signer controls the abuse of signatures. Our nominative signatures is very valuable for the case which the content of signature is concerned with the verifier's privacy. And, we present an efficient integrated system of nominative signatures and (convertible) undeniable signatures. i.e. we show how nominative signature scheme can be changed into a (convertible) undeniable signatures.
Object로서의 자(尺), 조형의지와 표현욕구 : 本人의 作業을 中心으로
A recognition and a borrowing of the object were able to product the art that was not included in any plain surface and any solid body by the modern art. As a result, a field of the expressible form was increased. In this way, the object-art quickly destroys the boundary that is divided by the art and the life in the semantics as well as in the change of the external shape, and it enables us to have the new point that the object of the daily life is the new field that meets with a daily life and an art. My work that transforms the object of the daily into the art language is also started in the discovery of the daily. Things that play a part in the life were selected with losing its ability. I recognized not the ability of the daily life but the capability of things as esthetic things. I wanted to investigate the visual truth. And I wanted not to endow things with the meaning of things in itself but to endow a position of losing the ability with a new role. This part is the fact that I find the visual formative beauty through matching with other things in front of my work as a material of the artwork. When a measure is the material that enables us to give several formative expressions of misunderstanding and beyond imagination in the course mixed things, it is a measure as the ability. But, a measure is transformed a common measure into a strange measure during painting and making a silk-screen personally. Several phantoms enable us to feel this strange meaning, it shows an infinite expansion of the workspace. The ability of "Measure" makes us to recognize the space through a scale repeated simply and a tile based a strong visualization by the figure. As a result, the solid body is possible and this work seated in the space structurizes the total space. The expansion of a work pace makes the object become a method for expressing feeling and arrive at a changeful course. A charge about the completion and the tension acted on feeling. So it guided a visual contrast of soot in the course of burning a tension and a finished product. And it enriched and freed a space production. My work advances in the solid body with many materials called the object. It is the result that is coincided in a today art condition of pointing artistic discovery to use the daily object through the change course that satisfies new things together with the institution.
성령의 이해와 젊은이의 신앙생활 : 젊은이 성령쇄신운동에 관한 실증적 고찰
김승주 대전가톨릭 대학교 대학원 2008 국내석사
The room for religion becomes much less in today's highly civilized and hi-tech world. In other words, religion would be considered nothing and denied unless people can see, experience, and feel it. The values of today's youth focus not on abstract and spiritual inner values but on concrete and tangible life, health, and love. Today's youth does hardly have any religious experience and feels the distant gap between its life and the religion. As result of that, it is quite hard to find the young in various religious groups in today's world except in a few protestant and Catholic churches. The lack of religious experience affects religious values of today's youth. That is, the young seem not interested in true value and the truth. They are members of today's church and are our hope in the church as well. The young can hear the word of Jesus, especially, through the Sacraments of baptism and confirmation. Although they all are invited to receive the gifts of the Spirit as the Scriptures say: "I send you to the world. Receive the Holy Spirit.?, they still feel far from the gifts. It is mainly because they are "not interested" and "not concerned". That reason invokes the CCR, or Catholic Charismatic Renewal. It makes people experience the Spirit and helps them live with the charisms, or gifts of the Spirit, such as love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, generosity, faithfulness, gentleness, and self-control. The Catholic Charismatic Renewal, a new life in the Spirit, is a way of salvation that helps to restore the united relationship of God and us by the love of the Father and the Son through the Spirit and to renew people by healing all the elements of the illness in their lives. There are still people around us suffering from physical, psychological, and spiritual illness. We have been called to heal those people for better world. The Charismatic Renewal represents the mighty power of the Holy Spirit. The charisms of the Spirit in the early church were usual and common. However, the church was very cautious about using the charisms after the 2^(nd) century because of the effects of heresies like Montanism, Gnosticism, and Dualism caused by Arius and of the historical atmosphere of the time. It instead emphasized the hierarchy and Sacramental ministry in order to manifest the Spirit though the charisms were not denied in the church. The charisms had been constantly experienced within the church. Many saints and mystics had experienced them in their lives for centuries. However, there was a common thought that the charisms were manifested to only holy people like saints or mystics at the time. In the 20^(th) century the second Vatican council, desiring to have new Pentecost like one in the early church, proclaimed the teachings of the charisms of the Spirit and made people realized that the charisms are not only for saints and mystics but for ordinary people who are open to the Spirit. Today is the time of hope and the time for building the future. Today's youth is thirsty and longing for Christ's Good news. In addition, religious groups in the church, if they are creative and open minded, are unquestionably ready to share their faith with the young. That condition reminds us of a scene in the Acts of the Apostles that is the apostles did not know what to do for a moment and felt like helpless orphans. Two angels asked them and let them awake as the Scriptures say: "Men of Galilee, why are you standing there looking at the sky? This Jesus who has been taken up from you into heaven will return in the same way as you have seen him going into heaven." (Acts 1:11) It is time for us to begin acting like the apostles. As matter of fact, the way to go has already shown and there are many possibilities. I hope that the Holy Spirit can lead all the youth group pastors for their ministries. In order to facilitate the efforts to answer the calling, I present the study consisting of five chapters. Chapter 1 describes who the Holy Spirit, God, is by researching the biblical and theological understanding and the church'a teachings of the Spirit. Chapter 2 describes the influences of the charisms of the Spirit in the church by studying the definition, the word origin of the charism, and the history of the charisms and by studying the relationships of the Spirit and the early church and the teachings of the fathers of the church. Chapter 3 describes two things; the first one is to study how faith and love toward the Spirit becomes fruitful in today's church by understanding the definition, the history of the CCR which uses those charisms. The second one is to have a new understanding of the CCR's role and mission in the church in order to discover positive elements and clarify vague elements of the CCR. Chapter 4 investigates the realities of religious life of today's youth and analyzes the conflicts and confusions in psychological and religious ways that the young, who are the central member of today's church, have faced in today's world. Chapter 5 describes how influential the CCR is to the young, who are confused on their values, in positive or negative way through survey statistics. In addition, it makes a few suggestions for them. I hope that this particular movement of the CCR can help to improve the spiritual life of all the faith and to renew the church spiritually. I also hope that all the young can discover spiritual value of the CCR through right path of the CCR so that they may know the Spirit is a good counselor (LK 24:19), the wisdom to understand all the scriptures (LK 24:27), the breath to help experience the presence within the blessed sacrament, and the inner power to revitalize our lives (LK 24:33) as well.
Abstract The Effect of Fasting to Lifestyle Changes Kim Seung- Zoo Advisor : Prof. Moon, Kyung-Rye, M.D.Ph.D Department of Alternative Medicine Graduate School of Health Science Chosun University In a rapid changing society, moden people are concerned about intractable pain and chronic diseases such as cancer, high blood pressure, diabetes and etc, which are continuously emerging and spreading as a negative factor of quality of life. Teenagers and children are at risk of developing intractable diseases once so called adult diseases. As such diseases are caused by bad life habits, people are growing more and more interest in encouraging healthy habits. However, it is very difficult for on individual to change ones life long habits Focused on the 10 factors that are considered to have the greatest influence on life habits that are repeated in everyday life, which are "eating habits", "breathing", "sleeping", "water", "excretion", "sex life", "exercise", "drinking", "smoking", and "mind", a comparison analysis was done through a theoretical consideration and a survey on the before and after effects of fasting. As a result of the research, most of the subjects were confirmed to have positive effects on their life habit changes, and it was an opportunity to confirm that a more systematic and in-depth research on the effects of fasting on the changes in life habits is needed. Especially, the currently study found out that poor dietary habits are the most contributing factors to many chronic diseases. Eating food influences not only the character and the life habits of a person, but also ones overall quality of life In order to overcome chronic diseases and establish a bright society, government medical professionals and nutrition organization should cooperate to aim at improving peoples life long habits