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현대제어 이론을 이용한 원전의 제어기술 연구현황 및 전망
김동화 한국조명전기설비학회 1990 조명.전기설비 Vol.4 No.3
사무작업의 자동화와 정보화 건물의 발달에 따라 VDT의 이용이 급격하게 증가됨에 따라 VDT를 사무작업에서 사용하고 있는 사무실의 물리적 조명환경 실태를 조사하였다. 조사결과를 독일 기준과 비교할 때 VDT 화면중의 문자별 휘도비는 전체의 25.4%, 화면 전체의 휘도비는 28.6%가 기준에 미달하는 것으로 나타났다. 창을 마주보고 VDT작업을 할 경우 서류와 화면사이의 휘도대비는 매우 불량한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 측창을 배경으로 VDT작업을 할 경우에는 일반적으로 작업면 사이의 휘도대비가 적절한 것으로 나타났다. 조도의 측면에서 볼 때 전체적으로 VDT화면의 수직면 조도는 적절하게 나타났으나, 키보드와 서류의 수평면 조도는 외국기준의 1/2 정도로 나타나 보다 밝은 조명이 요구된다. Poor quality and lower levels of lighting can produce severe problems in visual environment including glare, veiling reflections and contrast. This study aims to evaluate the lighting environment around VDTs. For the purpose, brightness contrast on screen, Reyboaed, and document, and their illumination were measured and compared to German Standard. The lighting environment of two offices untilizing VDTs were significantly different according to the daylight direction; the side and the frontward.
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김동화,고진복,이경노 한국곤충학회 1975 Korean journal of entomology Vol.5 No.1
배추흰나비 (Pieris rapae Linne)의 변태에 따른 지질의 종류, 비교함량의 변화를 Mangold법과 Marzo법으로 측정하였다. 배추흰나비의 종령유충, 전용, 용 2일, 용 4일, 용 6일 용 8일, 성충의 전기를 통하여 Phospholipid, diacylglycerol, free fatty acid, triacylglycerol, ester cholesterol등의 지질이 검출 동정되었다. 전 변태기를 통하여 비교함량의 상대치는 ester cholesterol, triacylglycerol, free fatty acid, diacyl-glycerol, phospholipid 순으로 높았다. Ester cholesterol, diacylglycerol, free fatty acid 는 종령유충에서, triacylglycerol은 용화하면서, Pho-spholipid는 용후기에서 가장 높은 함량을 나타냈다. 지질 중 ester cholesterol, triacylglycerol, diacyl-glycerol의 함량의 변화는 변태에 특이한 생리적곡선인 U자형 curve를 나타내어 유충기관의 해소 (histo-lysis)와 성충기관의 신생(histogenesis)인 형태적 변화와 일치하였다. Changes in the lipid concentration in the whole body at various developmental stages in the cabbage Worm, Pieris rapas Linne, were measured using thin layer chromatographic (Mangold, 1961) and Marzo (1971) methods, respectively. Healthy specimens were chosen as samples of each developmental stages: the final instar larva, the newly molted pupa, pupae at 2, 4, 6, 8 and newly emerged adults. Phospholipid, diacylglycerol, free fatty acid, triacylglycerol and ester cholesterol were identified at each stages. Ester cholesterol, diacylglyceroland free fatty acid at the final instar larva the concentration reached a maximum. Hence, changes in concentration of ester cholesterol, tracylglycerol, diacylglycerol through the course of the physiological cycle form a U-shaped curve when graphed against the histolysis of larval organs and the histogenesis of adult organs.
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Intelligent Control of Nonlinear dynamic system Using Immune Fuzzy Fusion
김동화 한국지능시스템학회 2004 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL of FUZZY LOGIC and INTELLIGE Vol.4 No.1
This paper proposes non-linear control method using immune algorithm based fuzzy logic. Nonlinear dynamic system exist widely in many types of systems such as chemical processes, biomedical processes, and the main steam temperature control system of the thermal power plant. Up to the present time, PID Controllers have been used to operate these systems. However, it is very difficult to achieve an optimal PID gain with no experience, because gain of the PID controller has to be manually tuned by trial and error. An inverted pendulum control problem is selected to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed method and defines relationship state variables using immune fuzzy.
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MEMBERSHIP FUNCTION TUNING OF FUZZY NEURAL NETWORKS BY IMMUNE ALGORITHM
김동화 한국지능시스템학회 2002 한국지능시스템학회논문지 Vol.12 No.3
This paper represents that auto tunings of membership functions and weights in the fuzzy neural networks are effectively performed by immune algorithm. A number of hybrid methods in fuzzy-neural networks are considered in the context of tuning of learning method, a general view is provided that they are the special cases of either the membership functions or the gain modification in the neural networks by genetic algorithms. On the other hand, since the immune network system possesses a self organizing and distributed memory, it is thus adaptive to its external environment and allows a PDP (parallel distributed processing) network to complete patterns against the environmental situation. Also, it can provide optimal solution. Simulation results reveal that immune algorithms are effective approaches to search for optimal or near optimal fuzzy rules and weights.
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김동화,김창환 한국곤충학회 1976 Korean journal of entomology Vol.6 No.1
배추흰나비 (Pieris rapae)의 변태에 따른 지방체의 지질종류와 비교함량의 변화를 Mangold법과 Marzo법으로 측정하였다. 배추흰나비의 종령유충 전용 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 일용의 전기를 통하여 phospholipid, triacylglycerol, estercholesterol, mono- and diacylglycerol이 검출 동정되었다. 그러나 mono- and diacylglycerol, diacylglycerol은 흔적적이었다. 전 stage를 통하여 지방체속의 지질은 triacylglycerol, phospholipid, ester-cholesterol순으로 높았으며 triacylglycerol이 거의 전부를 차지한다. 지방체속의 대부분을 점한 triacylglycerol은 유충기관의 해소와 성충기관의 신생에 따른 뚜렷한 U자형 생리곡선을 나타낸다. 10일용 이후 triacylglycerol은 감소하였다. Changes in lipid concentration in fat body at various developmental stages of the cabbage worm, Pieris rapae were measured using thin layer chromatographic (Mangold, 1961) and Marzo (1971) methods, respectively. Healthy animals were chosen as samples of each developmental stage: the final instar larvae, newly molted pupae, pupae in second day, 4th, 6th, 8th, 10th day after pupation and newly emerged adults. Phospholipid, triacylglycerol, ester cholesterol, and mono-and diacylglycerol were indentified at each stages, But mono-and diacylgolycerol were present at trace. Lipid concentration in the fat body was mainly triacylglycerol fraction. Phospholipid and triacylglycerol concentrations during the 6th day pupae reached the maximum. Hence, changes in concentration of phospholipid, triacylglycerol, and ester cholesterol exhibitied a general pattern of U-shaped curve according to histolysis of larval organs and histogenesis of adult organs through the progress of life cycle.
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