Fabrication and characterization of multi-well plate-based 3D cell culture platform for high-throughput analysis

유영준 Graduate School, Korea University 2019 국내석사

The microfluidic 3D cell culture systems are widely known for mimicking tissue or disease models for novel drug discovery and delivery research because it allow to control the cellular microenvironment. However, these systems still have disadvantages as quantitative assay tools. For instance, microfluidic device offers only small amount of protein from cells for quantitative analysis and has little compatibility with high-throughput screening (HTS) analysis system. In this study, we propose a multi-well plate-based (24- to 96-well plate) 3D cell culture systems with a space to accommodate hydrogels that can provide better reproducibility in biological experiments and compatibility HTS equipment. The micro-features of this plate, which has a space for containing hydrogels, are devised in consideration of the physical dimensions. We also demonstrated the superiority of this plate through quantitative assays such as qRT-PCR, Western blotting, microplate-reader-based assays, ELISA, viability assays, and high content-screening (HCS) as well as presented the potential for co-culture for biology researches. Also, using this plate, human neural progenitor cells (hNPCs) producing pathogen Aβ species, which is known as one of Alzheimer's disease (AD) inducing factor, were 3D cultured and then Aβ production was assessed by ELISA.

Preclinical study of a novel multi-hole covered self- expandable metallic stent in an animal model of hilar biliary obstruction

김의주 인하대학교 대학원 2025 국내박사

Background: Biliary stents are essential in the palliative management of hilar biliary obstruction (HBO). Although conventional fully covered self-expandable metallic stents (FCSEMS) effectively reduce tumor ingrowth, their application in HBO remains limited due to the potential for side branch obstruction. The Multi-Hole™ covered self-expandable metallic stent (MHSEMS) was designed to overcome the limitations of conventional FCSEMS by incorporating side holes into the fully covered membrane, thereby reducing the risk of side branch obstruction. This feature may offer particular advantages in the complex anatomy of HBO. Therefore, we evaluated the feasibility and safety of MHSEMS deployment in an animal model of HBO. Methods: A preclinical study was conducted using eight minipigs in which HBO was induced via intraductal radiofrequency ablation (ID-RFA). Four weeks following ID- RFA, the animals were randomly assigned to receive either an MHSEMS or a conventional FCSEMS. Comparative evaluations between the two stent types were performed over a 12-week period. Outcome measures included technical success rates, laboratory parameters, adverse events, stent removability, and histological findings. Histological analysis was conducted by a blinded pathologist using a standardized scoring system to evaluate ductal inflammation, neutrophil infiltration, mucosal damage, fibrosis, the number of lymphoid follicles, and parenchymal inflammation in the surrounding liver tissue. Results: Two animals died during follow-up due to bile duct perforation caused by guidewire insertion during biliary cannulation. In the remaining six animals, technical success was achieved in all cases, and 100% stent removability was observed after three months. No instances of delayed perforation or bleeding were observed in either group. The MHSEMS group demonstrated a trend toward lower total bilirubin levels compared to the FCSEMS group. Histological analysis of right intrahepatic ducts contralateral to the IHD where the stents were inserted indicated a trend toward lower inflammation scores in the MHSEMS group, with a large effect size (median [range]: 7.5 [7.0–9.0] vs. 9.0 [8.0–10.0], Cliff’s delta = 0.67). However, these differences did not reach statistical significance, likely due to the limited sample size. Conclusion: The MHSEMS was safely and completely removable within a clinically relevant timeframe and led to more favorable histological outcomes compared with the FCSEMS in an animal model of HBO. These findings support the potential clinical utility of the MHSEMS in patients requiring perihilar stenting for HBO management.

컴퓨터 단층촬영에서의 혈관조영 양상 차이를 통한 췌장암에서의 항암치료에 대한 반응 예측

신준영 인하대학교 대학원 2016 국내석사

Background/Aim: Chemo-responsiveness in advanced pancreatic cancer may be different among the patients. Chemotherapeutic resistance of pancreatic cancer has been known to be dependent on its fibrosis and vascularity. The purpose of this study is to assess vascular enhancement of advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma with or without liver metastasis in CT scan and to analyze the correlation between enhancement pattern and chemo-responsiveness. Patients and Methods: From January 2007 to March 2015, 101 patients with advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma were selected in four institutions. Chemo-responsiveness of all patients was assessed with CT before and after receiving at least 3 cycles of gemcitabine-based chemotherapy. Hounsfield unit (HU) was measured in pancreatic mass and the largest metastatic liver mass using region of interest (ROI). HU difference (ΔHU) between arterial and pre-contrast phase could reflect vascular enhancement. According to chemo-responsiveness, the patients were divided into 2 groups; responders (partial response and stable disease) and non-responders (progressive disease). Results: Total 101 patients (53 men and 48 women; median age 65 years; range 33-84 years) were included in the study. 78 patients belonged to pancreas responders (77.2%) and 23 patients belonged to pancreas non-responders (22.8%). Mean ΔHU (± SD) in pancreas responders and non-responders was 36.7 (± 21.6) and 20.6 (± 9.9) (p= 0.001). 46 of 101 patients had liver metastasis. 25 of 46 patients belonged to liver responders (54.3%) and 21 patients belonged to liver non-responders (45.7%). Mean ΔHU (± SD) in liver responders and non-responders was 36.9 (± 21.0) and 17.1 (± 24.0) (p=0.005). 11 patients showed inconsistency between pancreas and liver chemo-responsiveness. They all belonged to pancreas responder group (median ΔHU 27.7, ± 23.3) and liver non-responder group (median ΔHU 10, ± 7.6). Conclusion: Vascular enhancement pattern of the mass in CT may predict chemo-response in advanced pancreatic cancer. This prediction method may play a role in planning individualized treatment.

(A) method for computing multi quantitative parameters in microvascular network by image processing techniques

Jarwali Abdulmohssin Ahmad H Graduate School, Korea University 2019 국내석사

Image analysis method has opened the opportunity to extract quantitative information from microscopy images of biological experiments. Endothelial cells (ECs) undergoing the process of vasculogenesis form microvascular networks (MVNs). These MVNs are influenced by the mechanical and biochemical microenvironment. Quantitative analysis of the MVNs in many papers are not standardized and done in a non-automated fashion, making the analysis process labor intensive and prone to human error. There is a lack of computing designed to perform comprehensive quantitative analysis of vascular networks. To remedy this, we used MATLAB tool for generate multiple quantitative parameters of MVNs. In this paper we compute multi parameters including the vascular area coverage, length of outline, total length of skeleton, number of skeleton end point and number of junction as well as section. From these parameters’ result we have a good chance to study radiotherapy (RT) effect on microvasculature network experiment.

서울시 사전협상제도에 따른 공공기여 총량의 법적 정합성 실증 연구 : 협상완료 3개 사례를 중심으로

박용석 서울市立大學校 2017 국내석사

2009년부터 서울시가 운영하고 있는 ‘도시계획 변경 사전협상제도’는 1만㎡ 이상 유휴부지의 합리적 이용을 위해 용도지역 완화 등 도시계획 변경을 지원하는 한편, 개발에 따른 이익의 일부를 지역내 부족 기반시설 및 필요시설 확충을 위해 ‘공공기여’하게 하여 개발에 따른 특혜시비를 방지하고 사업의 공공성을 확보토록 하고 있다. 그러나, 서울시 사전협상제도 공공기여 산정기준은 도시계획 변경에 따라 ‘증가되는 용적률의 6/10’인 반면, 제도의 근거법령인 「국토의 계획 및 이용에 관한 법률」에서는 ‘용도지역 변경 등에 따라 증가되는 토지가치의 상승분 범위’로 정하고 있어, 민간과의 협상과정에서 공공기여의 총량에 대한 법적 정합성에 대한 문제제기와 논란이 수시로 발생하고 있다. 이 연구는 2016년말 현재 사전협상이 완료된 3개 대상지(강동 서울승합, 용산 관광터미널, 마포 홍대역사)를 대상으로 서울시 산정기준에 따른 공공기여 총량과 근거법령에 따른 공공기여 범위를 비교 분석하여 서울시 사전협상제도에 따른 공공기여 총량의 법적 정합성을 확인하는 것이다. 이러한 내용에 따라 각 대상지의 공공기여 총량과 토지가치상승분을 분석한 결과, 강동 서울승합 부지의 공공기여 총량은 토지가치 상승분의 97.5%, 용산 관광버스터미널은 94.5%, 마포 홍대역사 42.9%로 나타나, 3개 사례 모두 공공기여 총량이 토지가치 상승분 이내에서 결정된 것으로 확인되었으며, 서울시 사전협상제도에 따라 결정된 공공기여 총량은 법적 기준에 따른 정합성을 확보한 것으로 판단된다. The Seoul pre-negotiation system is designed to develop large-scale idle sites that were difficult to promote due to the controversy of preferential treatment in the past, such as the change of past use areas and urban planning facilities. By restricting some of the profits generated by the plan change to the installation of the lacking infrastructure of the region, there is an advantage that the controversy of the preferential treatment by the business is reduced and the publicity of the business is secured. The public contribution is defined as the return of part of the business profits to the community. The public contribution is not aimed at the overall profit of the project, And the 'plan profit' that follows. According to the Seoul pre-negotiation system operation guidelines, the city limits the scope of the 'plan profit' to 6/10 of the increase rate in accordance with the change of the urban plan, such as easing the usage area. The Plan and Utilization Act "requires the establishment of infrastructure or the sharing of installation costs within the range of land value increase caused by the volume ratio that is mitigated by the change of the urban plan such as the use area. Based on the increasing development density There was a frequent controversy whether the total amount of public contribution according to the Seoul Metropolitan Government standard was within the range of the land value increase determined by the relevant law. The purpose of this study is to investigate the public participation in the preliminary negotiations system of Seoul, which is based on various controversies, The purpose of this study was to confirm the legal consistency of the total amount of public contribution according to the Seoul preliminary negotiation system. For the analysis of this study, the total amount of public contribution of cases confirmed by the preliminary negotiation system of Seoul and the value of land after the change of city planning according to the result of pre - negotiation. However, in order to calculate the land value increase, which is the quantitative range of public contribution determined by the law of the province, it is necessary to confirm the land value of the previous landmark before each site is selected as the pre-negotiation site. In this study, The value of the previous land value by the site was estimated and applied by arithmetic mean of the results of the appraisal consulting. As a result of the analysis, the land value of Gangdong Seoul was estimated to be about KRW 56.3 billion, and the total amount of public contribution determined in the preliminary negotiations was about KRW 54.9 billion. And it was confirmed that it was in accordance with legal scope. The history of Mapo Hongdae also estimated that the land value increase was about KRW 36.6 billion, and the total amount of public contribution was about KRW 15.7 billion, and the total amount of public contribution was determined within the legal scope. Yongsan Tour Bus Terminal Site Land value increased by about KRW 117.5 billion and total public contribution amounted to about KRW 111.1 billion, which proved that all three cases satisfied the public contribution criteria set out in the relevant laws and regulations. However, this study acknowledges that there are limitations in the limited research on the three cases in which negotiations have been completed so far, and it is considered that continuous confirmation and monitoring should be done through various cases in the future.

Development of neural electrode with micro-channel structure for chronic recording

정우현 Graduate School, Korea Univeristy 2018 국내석사

There is a growing need for a neural interface that will allow for the control of the prosthetic limbs according to the will of the patient, with the ultimate goal of long-term implantation. However among the various neural interfaces currently researched and developed, the invasive neural electrodes have a problem where the electrode performance degrades over time due to scar formation around the electrode within few weeks after implantation. Thus, a peripheral nerve electrode with micro-channel structure capable of protecting the electrodes from natural scar formations while accessing nerve at axonal level was designed and fabricated. First, a polyimide (PI) cone-shaped neural electrode in which micro wires were placed within the PI cone-shaped structure was fabricated. Gold plated Nickel-Chrome alloy wires (Ni-Cr wires) were placed in the PI cone-shaped structure, and the collagen was injected into the structure so that the damaged nerves would regenerate into the structure and interface with the Ni-Cr wires. PI cone-shaped neural electrode was implanted into the sciatic nerve of a rat. Neural signal were obtained while providing mechanical stimulation to the sole of the rat 19 weeks after the implantation. Also, immunohistochemistry of the tissue around the cone-shaped neural electrode showed that the scar tissue did not form around the gold plated Ni-Cr wires inside the cone-shaped structure and showed the axonal was regrowth within the cone. In order to fabricate this electrode-protecting 3D structure more precisely and to fabricate multi-channel electrodes according to the results of the cone-shaped electrode experiments, a single probe neural electrode with micro-channel was fabricated through the micro electro mechanical system (MEMS) technology. The micro-channel was fabricated mainly by wafer bonding and laser lift-off process. The feasibility of implantation and signal acquisition was confirmed by direct implantation into the sciatic nerve of rat using a special insertion tool, and through the measurement of the impedance suitable for neural signal acquisition. Furthermore, the neural electrode with micro-channel can be applied to highly selective and minimally invasive spiral electrode previously developed in our lab. Thus, it is expected to be applied as a major technology to the development of the peripheral nerve interface electrode array for chronic implantation and signal acquisition from the peripheral nerve.

Development of an in vitro cutaneous nerve-on-a-chip

옥경은 Korea University 2018 국내석사

There has been a growing need for in vitro models of skin that would enable faster development of drugs and replacement of animal experiments. However, existing in vitro skin models have limitations in generating complex skin-nerve structure to imitate the physiology of real human skin. Here, I developed a three-dimensional (3D) cutaneous nerve model based on a microfluidic chip that more closely mimics the in vivo skin microenvironment by providing an extracellular matrix (ECM) hydrogel. The proposed model was designed for coculture of human epidermal keratinocytes and peripheral sensory neurons across the ECM hydrogel. By the use of this platform, I investigated the effect of ECM hydrogel on the formation of neural network and neurite outgrowth through confocal images of immune-labeled neurites. With lower concentration of ECM hydrogel, the neurites of sensory neurons had greater outgrowth and aligned toward the direction of opposite channel. Also, the formation of epidermal like layer was observed using phase-contrast microscopy, when keratinocytes cultured with medium for sensory neurons. In addition, differentiation of keratinocytes in the layer was induced by applying air-exposed environment. When sensory neurons were cocultured with keratinocytes in this system, they showed similar morphology to free nerve ending in the in vivo epidermis. Furthermore, we used this platform to investigate the supporting effect of keratinocytes on the neuropeptide secretion of sensory neurons, demonstrating higher concentration of calcitonin gene-related polypeptide (CGRP) in coculture model than in mono-culture model. These diverse observations and evaluations validated the great potential of this platform as an in vitro model. Therefore, we propose this 3D culture-based microfluidic chip as an in vitro cutaneous nerve model for disease study and drug toxicity testing.

Generation of digitized microfluidic filling flow by vent frequency control

이은두 고려대학교 대학원 2016 국내석사

Microfluidic systems have been applied to many applications in drug discovery, including high-throughput screening for rapid assay of the effects of compounds on various chemical and biochemical systems. Recently, microfluidic platform has emerged as a promising technique, due to its controllability, low sample volume requirement and quantization. However, in general pathological condition, viscosity of blood plasma and other biological liquid samples altered on individual variance, and even in a person over time. Previous microfluidic diagnostic platforms failed to use the accurate amount of serum for a test due to the large variation of blood plasma, or required complicated external flow generation and control mechanisms. Antigen-antibody reaction is regulated by fluidic characteristics, including sample viscosity, velocity, fluidic shear stress and sample amount. Here, a straightforward microfluidic flow control system was developed for quantifiable immune-diagnostics test to be performed to detect diseases. The system will control that flow velocity can be delayed so that the analytes in the sample can react with the antibody reaction in the reaction chamber that antibodies immobilized on the chip. Control of flow velocity are measured and controlled by integrated system equipped with light source and pneumatic valve. We have demonstrated the developed system could be easily controlled and programmed algorithm using the software program. The development of this microfluidic system is promising for accurate, sensitive detection of diseases in the field of Point-of-Care Testing.

인구소멸위기 대응 지방재생 전략으로서의 '학교 살리기' 연구 : 제주특별자치도 마을과 학교의 상생사례를 중심으로

노화동 서울시립대학교 2018 국내박사

국문초록 인구소멸위기 대응 지방재생 전략으로서의 ‘학교 살리기’ 연구 -제주특별자치도 마을과 학교의 상생사례를 중심으로- 노 화 동 서울시립대학교 일반대학원 도시공학과 지도교수 정 석 인구감소로 인한 도시의 쇠퇴, 특히 농어촌지역의 소멸위기가 시대적 화두이다. 정부에서도 저출산과 고령화로 인한 인구과소화와 인구이동으로 인한 지역의 불균형 문제가 심각하다는 것을 인식하고 출산 장려, 귀농·귀촌, 농어촌개발사업 등 다양한 재생정책을 추진하고 있다. 그런데 학교운영의 효율화를 목적으로 하는 소규모학교 통폐합 정책이 폐교를 양산함으로써 해당 지역의 인구 유출을 가속화하는 원인이 된다는 지적이 여러 경로를 통해 제기되고 있다. 이처럼 폐교가 농어촌마을의 존립 기반을 위협하여 인구의 소멸을 가속화할 수 있다는 징후가 다양한 방면에서 나타나고 있음에도 이러한 문제를 심층적으로 파악하여 해결방안을 찾고자 하는 연구나 정책적 노력이 부족한 상황이다. 이에 따라 본 연구는 학교와 인구변화의 관계에 대한 자료를 검토하고, 학교 살리기를 통해 인구를 유입함으로써 마을의 재생에 성공한 제주도의 사례를 분석하여, 인구소멸위기에 대응하는 지방도시의 재생전략으로서의 가능성에 대한 실천적 방안을 탐구하고자 하였다. 연구의 방법으로는 우선적으로 지방도시 쇠퇴와 인구문제에 관한 정부의 정책 자료, 관련 법령 및 조례 등 1차 자료를 검토하고, 지방재생, 도시쇠퇴, 인구문제, 소규모학교 통폐합 등과 관련된 학술 연구와 이론서 및 인구 관련 통계자료를 분석하였다. 그리고 학교 살리기를 통해 마을재생에 성공한 제주도 소재 8개 학교 인근 마을에 대한 사례분석을 통해 정책적 시사점을 도출하고자 하였다. 사례분석에 있어서는 학교 살리기 과정에 참여했던 다양한 이해 관계자 계층을 대상으로 심층 인터뷰와 설문조사를 통해 생생한 현장의 소리를 수집하였다. 수집한 자료는 학교 살리기를 통한 마을재생의 효과와 그 지속가능성의 관점에서 구체적으로 분석하였다. 연구의 과정을 통해 지방도시 쇠퇴의 가장 핵심적인 원인인 인구감소 문제를 해결하기 위해서는 인구구조의 건전성을 확보하는 데에 집중할 필요가 있다는 것을 확인하였다. 인구구조의 적정성은 연령과 성별 인구구조가 안정적으로 구성되는 것을 의미한다. 이를 위해서는 젊은 연령층이 거주하고 자녀를 양육할 수 있는 환경이 필요하다. 특히 농어촌 지역의 쇠퇴는 최종적으로 대도시의 쇠퇴로 연결될 수 있기 때문에 마을 단위의 재생이 먼저 이루어져야 한다. 마을에서 학교는 교육기관으로서의 역할에만 머무르는 것이 아니라 마을 주민들의 정신적·문화적 지주가 된다. 소규모학교 통폐합 정책은 직접적인 이해 당사자인 마을의 요구를 도외시하고 획일적인 기준으로 전개되면서 마을의 인구유출과 고령화를 유발하는 주요 원인으로 작용하였다. 전국 광역단체별로 폐교 누적수와 인구감소의 관계를 확인해 본 결과 폐교가 많은 지역에서 지속적인 인구감소가 진행되고 있음은 이를 증명하고 있다. 이에 따라 폐교위기에 있는 마을들은 이를 극복하기 위한 다양한 학교 살리기 활동을 전개하였다. 폐교가 되면 마을도 사라질 수 있기 때문에 우선적으로 폐교를 막아야 한다는 것이 그 기본적인 취지이다. 제주도의 경우도 다른 지역과 마찬가지로 국가의 정책에 따른 소규모학교 통폐합을 추진하고 있었다. 그러나 마을 주민들의 적극적인 학교 살리기 노력으로 인해 2011년부터는 더 이상 폐교를 하지 않고 학교를 살리는 방향으로 전환되었다. 정책의 전환 이전부터 학교 살리기를 추진해온 마을들은 폐교된 지역의 마을들에 비해 전반적으로 인구가 증가했을 뿐만 아니라 학령기 인구의 유입으로 인해 인구구조의 건전성을 확보할 수 있었다. 이에 따라 제주도는 작은 학교 살리기에 집중하여 정책적 지원이 이루어지고 있다. 이러한 사례는 타 지역에서도 본보기로 삼아 지역의 여건과 상황을 고려하여 적용될 수 있다. 본 연구의 분석 대상 마을들은 폐교위기를 극복하기 위해 자발적으로 임대주택을 제공하여 학령기 인구를 유입한 대표적인 사례이다. 사례분석 결과를 통해 다음과 같은 논의가 가능하다. 첫째, 마을의 중심기능으로서 학교가 유지되어야 한다. 둘째, 학교 살리기를 위해서는 마을 공동체, 즉 주민들이 능동적이고 적극적인 역할을 수행해 내야 한다. 셋째, 학령기 가족 세대 인구 유입을 촉진하는 방안으로 임대주택을 제공하는 것이 매우 유용하다. 넷째, 학교 살리기는 마을의 인구구조를 안정적으로 유지 가능하게 한다. 다섯째, 인구과소지역에 있는 마을의 재생 수단으로서 학교 살리기가 충분한 역할을 할 수 있다. 이와 같이 다양한 자료를 면밀하게 고찰하고 현장 관련자들과의 인터뷰 및 설문조사 결과를 심층적으로 분석한 결과 다음과 같은 결론에 도달하였다. 첫째, 인구 유출을 방지하고 인구를 유입할 수 있는 정책적 대안으로 학교 살리기가 의미가 있다. 둘째, 학교 살리기를 중심으로 하는 재생정책의 추진이 강화되어야 한다. 즉 마을을 살리고 마을이 지속가능하기 위해서는 초등학교를 유지하는 것이 절대적으로 필요하다. 셋째, 마을의 지속가능성을 위해서는 소규모학교 통폐합 정책이 전향적으로 전환되어야 한다. 또한 본 연구의 결과 도출된 시사점을 통해 다음과 같은 정책적 제언을 하고자 한다. 첫째, 소규모학교 통폐합 정책의 폐지를 심각하게 고려해야 한다. 지금까지 추진되어 온 재생사업들과는 다른 마을과 학교가 상생하는 재생정책이 필요하다. 둘째, 학교 살리기와 마을재생이 지속되기 위해서는 행정적 차원의 실질적인 지원이 반드시 필요하며, 특정 사업에 대한 일회성 지원이 아니라 거시적인 시야를 가지고 지속적으로 이루어져야 한다. 셋째, 마을의 지속가능성을 보다 강력하게 확보하기 위해 안정적 거주를 위한 일자리 정책을 적극적으로 추진해야 한다. 본 연구는 제주도라는 한정된 지역의 사례를 분석하였고, 다른 육지의 지방과 달리 제주 붐이라는 현상으로 인해 학교 살리기가 순수한 인구 유입의 원인이라고 단정할 수는 없다는 한계가 있다. 그리고 학교 살리기 및 마을의 재생과 관련된 다양한 관심사를 모두 반영하고 있지는 않다. 따라서 향후 주민 간 화합 및 갈등 해소 방안, 정부 정책의 전개과정에 대한 심층적인 규명 등 마을재생과 관련된 다각적인 접근 차원에서의 후속 연구가 이루어지길 기대한다. 주요어: 인구소멸, 지방재생, 학교살리기, 도시재생, 마을재생, 마을학교상생, 소규모학교통폐합 ABSTRACT A Study on 'School revival' as a Strategy for the Regional Regeneration to Cope with the Population Crisis - Focused on the case examples of the coexistence between the towns and the schools in the Jeju Special Self-governing Province - Noh, Hwa Dong Department of Urban Planning & Design Graduate School University of Seoul Advised by prof. Jeong, Seok The decline of the cities due to the decrease of the population and, especially, the crisis regarding the decline of the farming and fishing village regions have been among the topics of current policy discussions. A diverse range of policies have been pursued including the encouragement of childbirth, a return to farming and to the villages, development projects for the farming and fishing villages, etc. But because the policy of merging and abolishing the small-sized schools has been producing the closing down of the schools, the pointing out that it becomes the cause that accelerates the leakage of the population of the concerned region has been raised through the many routes. Accordingly, in this research, the data and the materials on the relationship between the school and the changes of the population were examined, and by having the population flow in through the school reviving and by analyzing the case examples of the Jeju Self-governing Province, which succeeded with the regeneration of the towns, it had been intended to research for a plan for putting into practice regarding the possibility as a strategy for regenerating the provincial cities which copes with the crisis of the extinction of the population. Regarding the method of the research, preferentially, the policy materials of the government related to the decline of the provincial cities and the population problem, the related laws and ordinances, etc., had been examined. And the academic researches and the written theories related to the regional regeneration, the declines of the cities, the population problem, the merger and abolition of the small- sized schools, etc. and the statistical data and materials related to the population had been analyzed. And, through an analysis of the case examples regarding the towns nearby the 8 schools that are located in the Jeju Self-governing Province, which succeeded in the regenerations of the towns through the school revival, the policy suggestions had been intended to be arrived at. With regard to the analysis of the case examples, with the brackets of the diverse, interested persons concerned who had participated in the process of saving the schools as the subjects, and through the in-depth interviews and the questionnaire survey investigation, the vivid sounds on the field had been collected. In order to solve the problem of the decrease of the population, which is the most core cause behind the decline of the provincial cities through the process of the research, it was confirmed that there is a need to concentrate on securing the soundness of the population structure. For this, an environment in which the young age bracket can reside and rear the children is needed. The policy of merging and abolishing the small-sized schools disregards the demands of the town, which is the directly interested party concerned, and while being unfolded with a uniform standard, it had acted as a main cause behind the leak of the population from the town. As a result of confirming the relationship between the cumulative number of the closures of the school and the decrease of the population, the fact that the continued reduction of the population had been proceeded in the regions where there had been a lot of the closures of the schools has been proving this. As a result of this, the towns that had been in the crisis of the closure of the school had unfolded the diverse activities for reviving schools for overcoming this. The basic gist is that because, if a school gets closed, the town, too, can disappear, the closure of the school must be prevented preferentially. In the case of the Jeju Self-governing Province, due to the aggressive endeavors for saving the schools on the part of the residents of the towns, from the year 2011, the schools were not closed any longer, and there was the conversion into the direction of reviving the schools. The towns which had been the objects of the analysis in this research are the representative case examples which had the school age population flow in by voluntarily providing the lease housings for overcoming the crisis of the closures of the schools. Through the results of the analysis of the case examples, the following discussions are possible: Firstly, the school must be maintained as the central function of the town. Secondly, in order to revive the schools, the town community or, in other words, the residents must play the proactive and aggressive role. Thirdly, as a plan for promoting the inflow of the population of the households of the families with the school-aged children, the provision of the leased housings is very useful. Fourthly, the reviving of the school makes the stable maintenance of the population structure of the town possible. Fifthly, as a means for the regeneration of the town which is in a depopulation region, reviving the school can play the sufficient role. In this way, as a result of considering the diverse data and the materials in detail and analyzing, in-depth, the results of the interviews with, and the questionnaire survey investigations of, the people related at the field, the following conclusions were reached. Firstly, as a policy alternative that can prevent the leak of the population and that can make the population flow in, the saving the school has the meaning. Secondly, the pushing ahead with the regeneration policy that is centered on the reviving of the schools must be strengthened. Or, in other words, in order to save a town and in order for the town to sustain, the maintenance of the elementary school is absolutely needed. Thirdly, for the sustainability of the towns, the policy of merging and abolishing the small-sized schools must be converted prospectively. Also, through the implications that were arrived at as a result of this research, this study intent to make the following policy proposal. Firstly, the abolition of the policy of merging and abolishing the small-sized schools must be considered seriously. Secondly, in order for the reviving of the school and the regeneration of the town to continue, the practical support on the administrative level is needed, without fail. And, the continuous materialization must take place by having a macroscopic view. Thirdly, in order to more powerfully secure the sustainability of the town, the workplace policy for the stable residence must be pushed ahead aggressively. This research had analyzed the case examples in the limited region of the Jeju Self-governing Province. And, differently from the provinces on the other land, due to the phenomenon of the Jeju boom, there is the limitation of not being able to conclude that saving the schools is the pure cause of the inflow of the population. And not all of the diverse matters of the interests related to saving the schools and the regeneration of the towns have been reflected. I have the high expectation that, as a result, the follow-up researches will take place on the level of the many-sided approach that is related to the regeneration of the towns, including the harmony between the residents, a plan for the solution of the conflicts, the in-depth investigation into the process of the unfolding the policy of the government, etc. in the future. Keywords: Crisis of declining population, The regeneration of the province, Reviving the school, The regeneration of the urban, The regeneration of the town, The coexistence between the towns and the schools, The merger and abolition of the small-sized schools

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원지희 Graduate School, Korea University 2014 국내석사