롤투롤 인쇄전자 공정의 인쇄성 향상을 위한 닥터링 공정 변수 측정 및 제어

전성웅 忠南大學校 大學院 2016 국내석사

The printability of printed patterns in printed electronics technology determines the performance of printed electronic devices such as RFID(Radio Frequency Identification), Solar cell, E-paper, Touch screen, flexible display, and so on. The printability of printed patterns is affected by various parameters or printing conditions in the roll-to-roll printing process such as ink properties, printing speed, printing pressure, doctor conditions, etc. Therefore, for the improvement of the printability of the printed pattern, the parameters in the printing process should be measured and controlled accurately. Moreover, for the reliable and constant quality of the printed patterns, they should be optimized and maintained even in the different environmental conditions, printing machines and users. Among the various printing conditions, the parameters related to doctoring process in contact type printing method are important to acquire the printed patterns with high quality and performance, because doctor blade fills the inks in cavity of image parts and wipes out inks on the surface of the non-image parts of pattern master roll in the printing process. Therefore, the doctoring process parameters such as doctoring pressure and doctoring angle should be accurately measured, and controlled at the desired values, and optimized. In this study, two kinds of the doctoring apparatuses are developed for the accurate measurement and control of the doctoring pressure and doctoring angle in the roll-to-roll printing process for printed electronics. The doctoring apparatuses use servo motor to control and maintain the position of doctor blade. In general, the doctoring angle is used as the initial contact angle of the doctor blade, however, this contact angle decreases as the doctoring pressure increases due to the deformation on the blade. Therefore, the doctoring angle should be measured at the deformed state of the blade, and moreover, the doctoring pressure and angle are coupled. The developed doctoring apparatus is capable of measurement and control of the doctoring pressure and angle independently based on the calculation using the value of motor torque feedback and geometric properties of the apparatus, not using additional sensors such as camera and load cell for the measurement of the doctoring angle and pressure. For this approach, mathematical model of the doctoring angle after deformation is derived using only geometric properties such as length of doctor blade, pattern roll diameter, initial blade angle, and moving distance of doctoring unit. The mathematical model is verified by comparison with the direct measurement results of doctor blade angles using photo images. The doctoring pressure at point of contact between pattern roll and doctor blade is measured by motor torque feedback of the doctoring apparatus. The doctoring pressure measured by motor torque feedback is compared by direct measurement result by load cell. To optimize the doctoring angle and pressure, the printability of the printed patterns by roll-to-roll gravure printing equipment for the various doctoring process conditions is evaluated. The printability is defined by spread ratio of the mesh of printed patterns and mesh in pattern master, and by pinhole ratio of the mesh of printed patterns and mesh in pattern master, and the doctoring pressure as well as the doctoring angle is optimized based on this definition of the printability. The optimization of the doctoring parameters, in the doctoring apparatus which is capable of accurate measurement and control of the parameters, by evaluation of the printability of the printed patterns can be used to have the printed patterns with the high printability and consequently the printed electronics devices with reliable and high performances.

정적 변형이 인가된 유연인쇄전극의 전도성에 온·습도변화가 미치는 영향

김정엽 忠南大學校 大學院 2018 국내석사

Flexible electronics has been remarked as suitable tool for next-generation electronics such as wearable devices. Printed electronics is the technology which is adequate for manufacturing flexible electronics devices. For the commercialization of devices, guaranteeing the electrical performance under various environmental conditions such as temperature and humidity is very important. However, there has been a few researches of environmental test for flexible printed electronic devices. Moreover, the flexible electronics devices generally undergoes deformation. Therefore, as an example flexible electronics devices, effect of temperature and humidity on flexible printed electrodes under static deformation is studied. The temperature factors are set to 3-levels(5, 27.5, 50℃), and the humidity factors are set to 2-levels(40, 80%), which are controlled by temperature and humidity chamber. The mechanical deformation including bending and twisting is loaded by in-house test apparatus; and magnitude of deformation is set to 2-level. The printed electrodes are made by screen printing method with nano-silver conductive inks on PET film as test samples. These test samples are exposed to environmental conditions, and their resistance are measured at real time. The measured resistances obtained from experiments are transformed to resistance change rates in order to compare the results with the different initial resistances. In the experiments, the effects of environmental conditions on the resistance change are as follows: Increasing temperature increases the resistance change rate; increasing humidity also increases the resistance change rate. Effect of mechanical deformation on resistance change depends on type of deformation and shows the largest value from twisting, bending, to no-deformation. Magnitude of deformation does not affect resistance change rate. Effect of line width of electrode on resistance change rate depends on type of deformation. In the case of no-deformation and bending, line width of electrode does not affect resistance change seriously. However, in twisting deformation, the thicker line width shows larger resistance change rate than those of other cases. In this study, it is concluded that the environment in which mechanical deformation together with temperature and humidity has the greater influence on the resistance of the flexible printed electrodes.

케이팝의 현황 및 활성화를 위한 발전 방안 연구

김호영 국제신학대학원대학교 2018 국내석사

유연인쇄전자소자 생산 공정에서 인쇄패턴 전극저항 최소화 및 선폭 인쇄성 최대화를 위한 실험계획법 적용 인쇄조건 최적화

이상윤 忠南大學校 大學院 2017 국내석사

The resistance of patterns is one of important items of circuit characteristics, the printed pattern resistance changes depending on the printing conditions in the roll-to-roll continuous printing system. Also, for dense circuit design, the result of the spread ratio, which is the ratio of the line width to the line width of the designed line, is also important. To optimize printing conditions, minimizing pattern resistance and spread ratio 100 %, in this study the drying temperature, wind speed, and linear velocity of printing are selected as effective factors to the objectives. Then experimental design method is used to minimize the number of experiments and to obtain optimum condition. Finally the prediction results produced from the optimum condition were verified by the reproducibility test. As a raw material, PG-007 Silver nano ink, and SKC PET film is used as conductive silver ink and web film, respectively. The printing result is a pattern line having a width of 500 ㎛ and a length of 80 mm. The resistance is measured with a multimeter, pattern line width and height are measured with ITPlus and 3D surface profiler, then it is analyzed by MATLAB Image Processing according to the international standard (IEC 62899-402-1) method. As a result of pretest, factors & levels for main experiment are decided to establish the main experimental conditions by factorial design method. The effective factors that minimize the resistance value are printing speed, wind speed, temperature, and ink viscosity in order. The differences in the influence on the spread ratio are the printing velocity, ink viscosity, and, temperature, and wind speed in order. This result is analyzed from the ANCOVA & ANOVA. Based on the ANOVA result, using response optimizer of 100 % spread ratio & minimized resistance the optimum condition is selected that drying temperature 160 ℃, wind speed 40 Hz, printing velocity 15 mm/s, ink viscosity 30000 cP. Those optimum conditions for gaining objectives of this thesis predicts the results of 42.09 Ω resistance and of 100.15 % spread ratio. In the result of reproducibility test for verifying the prediction value from the optimum conditions, the resistance mean data comes out 41.35 Ω and every data marks within –2.6 % from the prediction value. The resistance trend line has 0.02 of slope and 0.28 % of probability of error. The spread ratio mean data comes out 103.79 % and every data marks within +6.75 % from the prediction value. The spread ratio trend line has 0.06 of slope and 0.69 % of probability of error. Overall Capability Ppk of resistance & spread ratio data is 8.27 and 3.82, respectively. However, the result value of 2.11 at Z-bench analysis of spread ratio shows that more manufacturing factors affecting to spread ratio are necessary to be found for stabilizing the long term manufacturing.

수동 디젤 소형화물차 운전 시 변속시점이 연비에 미치는 영향

조준호 충남대학교 교육대학원 2021 국내석사

Today's drivers do not think of cars as simply means of transportation. Cars are used according to various daily uses such as commuting, business, travel, work, hobbies, transportation, and leisure, and therefore, cars are an essential element in modern people's lives. The fuel efficiency of vehicles is believed to be based on the manufacturer's announcement, but it often falls short of the actual fuel efficiency of the manufacturer. The development of the logistics industry and the change in the buyer's new consumption culture are creating a perceptual change in the delivery transportation industry, and various changes in the way cargo is purchased and delivered have led to widespread development in various delivery transportation industries such as online shopping, order delivery, and cargo delivery. Courier and freight car operations have continued to grow due to the recent increase in sales of online shopping malls due to Corona 19. Another problem is the increase in the operation of small cargo vehicles and regular diesel cars. The increase in small cargo vehicles has a direct impact on air pollution, and most of the existing experimental studies measure fuel efficiency and smoke by creating and operating conditions on tracks and indoor test site rollers. Therefore, in this study, the change in fuel efficiency was identified by using GPS and OBD-II to collect vehicle driving data about the change in engine revolution and shift timing of diesel small cargo vehicles under the driving conditions given on the road. This study was conducted to find out the effect of the driver on fuel economy by performing gear shifts according to the conditions of changing engine revolution, rather than technical and mechanical improvements. Experimental study data have been shown with two distinct results. 현시대의 운전자는 자동차를 단순히 이동수단으로만 생각하지 않는다. 출·퇴근, 사업, 여행, 업무, 취미, 운송, 레저 등 일상의 다양한 용도에 따라 자동차를 이용하고 있고, 따라서, 현대인의 삶에서 자동차는 생활 속에서 빠질 수 없는 필수 요소다. 차량의 연비는 제조사의 발표를 근거로 믿고 이용하지만, 실제 제조사 연비에는 못 미치는 경우가 많이 있다. 물류 산업발달과 구매자의 새로운 소비문화변화가 배달운송산업의 지각변동을 만들고 있고, 화물을 구매하여 배송받는 방법에 다양한 변화가 생기면서 온라인쇼핑, 주문배달, 화물배송과 같은 각종 배달운송업이 광범위하게 발달하였다. 최근 코로나 19로 인한 온라인쇼핑몰의 판매량 증가에 따라 택배차량 및 화물자동차 운행이 지속적인 성장을 하고 있다. 소형화물자동차와 일반 경유 자동차 운행증가는 또 다른 문제로 발생한다. 소형화물자동차 증가가 대기오염의 직접적인 영향을 미치고 있고, 기존의 실험연구 대부분은 트랙과 실내 시험장 롤러에서 실도로 여건을 만들어 운행하며 연비와 매연을 측정한다. 그래서 본 연구에서는 실도로에 주어진 주행조건으로 디젤 소형화물차량의 엔진 회전수 변화조건과 변속 시점이 연비에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 GPS와 OBD-Ⅱ를 이용하여 차량운행 데이터를 수집하여 연비의 변화를 알아보았다. 본 연구는 기술적, 기계적인 개선이 아닌 운전자가 엔진 회전수 변화조건에 따라 기어 변속을 수행하여 연비에 미치는 영향에 대해 알아보기 위해 진행하였다. 실험연구 데이터는 두 개의 분명한 결과로 나타났다.

자기주도적 학습기반 블랜디드 학습자료 개발 및 학습력 신장 효과성 연구 : 밀링 작업 단원을 중심으로

김재혁 충남대학교 교육대학원 2022 국내석사

이 연구는 ‘기계’기준학과 특성화고와 마이스터고에서 다루는 ‘밀링 작업’ 영역을 조명하여 ‘자기주도적 블랜디드 학습자료’를 개발하고 개발된 ‘블랜디드 학습 자료’를 학교 현장에 적용함으로써‘자기주도 학습력’에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 살펴보고자 하였다. 코로나19 이후, 원격교육과 블랜디드 교육은 교육 현장에서 거스를 수 없는 흐름이 되었고, 온라인 기반 교육은 더 이상 선택이 아닌 필수로 자리를 잡게 되었다. 실습 비중이 높은 특성화고등학교의 블랜디드 러닝 교수-학습 방법에 대한 연구가 전무한 상황에서 본 연구는 ‘주도적 학습’을 기반으로 하여 보다 내실 있는 블랜디드 수업의 새로운 가능성을 탐색할 수 있는 방안을 마련하는데 그 목적이 있다. 이러한 목적을 달성하기 위하여 다음과 같은 연구 문제를 설정하였다. 첫째, 밀링 작업 단원의 자기주도적 학습기반 블랜디드 학습 자료 제작에 필요한 내용은 무엇인가? 둘째, 개발된 ‘자기주도적 학습기반 블랜디드 학습 자료’의 완성도를 어떻게 높일 것인가? 셋째, 개발된 ‘자기주도적 학습기반 블랜디드 학습 자료’가 어떠한 효과가 있는가? 이 연구는 ‘기계’를 전공하고, 블랜디드 수업 경험이 있으며, 10년 이상의 교육경력이 있는 현직 교사 5명을 대상으로 델파이 기법을 활용해 수행했다. 모든 문항에 전문가의 의견을 제시함으로써 연구 결과의 완성도를 높이고자 하였으며 설문은 100% 회수하였고 ‘자기주도 학습력 신장’효과를 알아보기 위해서 리커트 5단계 척도를 이용한 델파이 기법을 활용하여 ‘자기주도 학습력 신장’검사 도구를 제작하였다. 또한, 개발된 ‘블랜디드 학습 자료’를 활용하여 동질 집단의 2개의 반을 선정하여 실험반 10명과 비교반 12명의 현장 수업에 적용하였으며 두 집단 간의 자기주도 학습력 신장 결과를 알아보기 위해 IBM SPSS Statistics 21 통계 프로그램을 사용하여 t검증을 실시하였다. 이 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 이 연구에서 자기주도적 학습의 진행은 선행 연구 결과들을 토대로 ‘준비하기’, ‘학습 계획 세우기’, ‘탐구하기’, ‘표현하기’, ‘마무리하기’, 평가하기‘의 6단계 절차를 거치도록 학습 과정을 설계하였다. 둘째, 개발한 ‘블랜디드 학습자료’는 델파이 기법을 통해 내용을 수정 보완하여 완성하였고 심층면담을 통해 실습실 사용 안내서와 안전 수칙을 추가로 제작하였다. 셋째, 개발된 ‘블랜디드 학습 자료’를 현장 수업에 적용한 결과, 전체 평균은 실험반이 3.91, 비교반이 3.11로 나타나 집단 간 수준의 차이를 보였다. 하위요인 중 지식에서는 실험반이 3.90, 비교반이 3.08, 실기에서는 실험반이 3.97, 비교반이 2.99, 태도에서는 실험반이 3.83, 비교반이 3.35로 나타났다. 모든 하위 요인에서 실험반이 우세한 결과를 나타냈지만 적은 모집단의 수와 짧은 연구 기간으로 인해 자기주도 학습력 수준의 본 연구 결과를 일반화하는 데에는 주의가 필요하다. The purpose of this study is to develop ‘Blended learning materials based on self-directed learning’ by highlighting the ‘milling work’ area covered by the 'machine' standard department of specialized high schools and Meister high schools and besides to find out how it affects ‘self-directed learning ability’ applying it to the school. After the Covid-19 outbreak, distance education and blended education have become an irresistible flow in the education field, and online-based learning is no longer an option but a necessity. In a situation where there is no research on teaching-learning methods of blended learning for specialized high schools with a high proportion of practice, the aim of this study is to come up with plans to explore new possibilities for more substantial blended classes based on 'directed learning'. This study was conducted using the Delphi technique for 5 incumbent teachers who majored in 'machine', had blended class experience, and had more than 10 years of teaching experience. This study attempted to increase the completeness of the research results by presenting expert opinions on all questions and 100% of the questionnaires were collected. In order to examine the effect of ‘self-directed learning ability’ the test tool was produced using the Delphi technique. In addition, T-test was performed using a program after two classes of the homogeneous group were selected and applied to the field classes of 10 people in the experimental group and 12 in the non-experimental group. The results of this study are as follows. First, the progress of self-directed learning of this study is based on the results of previous research. It was designed to go through a six-step procedure of ‘preparing’, ‘planning for learning’, ‘exploring’, ‘expressing’, ‘finishing’, and ‘evaluating’. Second, the developed 'Blended Learning Materials' was completed by modifying and supplementing the contents through the Delphi technique, and additional ‘practice room usage guide’ and ‘safety rules’ were produced through in-depth interviews. Third, as a result of conducting a t-test to find out the effectiveness of the developed ‘blended learning ’, the experimental group showed superior results over the comparative class in all factors. Through this study, self-directed ‘blended learning’ could be developed and it was able to obtain positive result values in all sub-factors, as demonstrated in previous studies. However, due to the small number of populations and the short study period, there is a limit to the research results to determine the degree of improvement in students’ learning ability, and higher quality verification is expected in subsequent studies.

인쇄전자용 롤투롤 그라비어 장비의 닥터링 공정에서 백업블레이드 설계에 따른 패턴 인쇄성 평가

정경주 忠南大學校 大學院 2018 국내석사

Printed electronics(PE) is a method of manufacturing electronic components using printing methods, such as flexible integrated circuit, organic thin-film transistors, flexible solar cells, flexible touch screen panels, and so on. Among the printed electronics technology, the roll-to-roll printing means a continuous process of printing on a flexible material between rolls and roll-to-roll gravure is considered the most suitable printing technique for electronic device printing. During the roll to roll gravure printing process, the process of filling the ink on the gravure roll engraved with the pattern and removing the remaining ink is called doctoring. For the improvement of the printability of the printed pattern, the parameters such as doctoring conditions in the printing process should be measured and controlled accurately. This study investigated the setup of a doctoring unit during the doctoring process and provided information on printability depending on the location of the backup blade. As the printability measurement, five factors were selected: line width spread ratio, pinhole ratio, edge waviness, pattern height, and surface roughness. The location of the backup blade (d) is closely related to line width spread ratio, pinhole ratio and surface roughness. The smaller d is, the smaller the line width spread ratio, the larger the pinhole ratio, and the larger the surface roughness. This increased the possibility of hindering the movement path of electrons. The results of this study provide information on the printability of print patterns according to the setup of the backup blades and the type of doctor blade, as well as the doctoring angle, which is a variable of the doctoring unit generally considered in gravure roll to roll printing.

유연전자소자에 온·습도 환경 설정과 기계적 반복 변형 인가가 가능한 신뢰성 평가 장비 개발

김철 忠南大學校 大學院 2018 국내석사

Repetitive mechanical deformation such as bending and twisting can affect to electrical performance of flexible electronic device, even if very small deformation occurs. Also humidity and temperature conditions deteriorate electrical performance of electronic device. For commercialization of the flexible electronic device, it is important to maintain electrical performance under various mechanical loads and environmental conditions. Recently, many studies are performed related to evaluation of reliability of flexible electronic device under mechanical loads or environmental conditions respectively. Bending is one of the representative mechanical deformation that has been studied in previous researches. However, test equipment was limited to one side bending deformation that can apply one type load as compression or tension. In this study, test equipment capable of applying various loads including both sides bending deformation and implementing environmental conditions was developed. The test equipment can apply various deformations to flexible electronic device. Two single deformations and six complex deformations are different from test methods of previous researches. The test equipment is categorized three types depending on the type of deformation: one is multiple mode capable of applying various loads, another is sliding mode, the other is shearing mode. Motors of test equipment are controlled by TwinCAT3 software based on C/C++, and software is operated in GUI(Graphical User Interface) environment. Before test of applying mechanical deformation, velocity synchronization method was developed for complex deformation using two or more motors. In order to apply uniform bending moment to printed pattern in both sides bending deformation, bending shape was assumed to be an arc. To deform printed pattern as arc shape, mathematical model using geometric properties was proposed, and control parameters of each motor were achieved from this model. Simulation using MATLAB and ANSYS Workbench was performed to verify the effectiveness of proposed model. Also, in oder to predict distribution of stress under mechanical loads, FEM(Finite Element Analysis) was carried out by ANSYS Workbench software. For the evaluation of reliability of flexible printed pattern, various tests were performed under repetitive bending, twisting, and shearing in controlled environmental conditions, and the resistance of pattern was measured at real time. The resistance of printed pattern under both sides bending deformation was measured to be higher than that under one side bending deformation. In both sides bending test of applying same load, as temperature increased the resistance of printed pattern was measured higher, and more crack occurred in surface of pattern. Therefore, both sides deformation and high temperature condition have adverse effect on fatigue strength of the printed pattern related to electric performance. In twisting test of applying same load to printed line pattern at room temperature, as line width of printed pattern decreased and the distance between pattern and rotation axis increased, the resistance of printed pattern was measured higher. Therefore, twisting load has adverse effect on fatigue strength of the printed pattern of fine line. In shearing test of applying different load to printed line pattern at room temperature, as shearing load increased, the resistance of printed pattern was measured higher, and cause of experimental result was verified by FEM simulation. In conclusion, in order to commercialize of flexible electronic device, an appropriate test for evaluation of electrical reliability should be performed in complex conditions combined mechanical load and environmental conditions.

선교적 교회론에 대한 구조적·해석학적 비평과 선교적 대안: 개혁주의 신학 관점

강호석 합동신학대학원대학교 2026 국내박사

본 논문은 21세기 교회의 중요한 대안으로 부상한 ‘선교적 교회론’(Missional Ecclesiology)이 탈기독교(post-Christendom) 시대에 적실성 있는 돌파구를 제시했 음에도 불구하고, 그 신학적 기저에 심각한 딜레마를 내포하고 있다는 문제의식에서 출발한다. 본 연구는 선교적 교회론이 야기한 신학적, 실천적 혼란의 본질을 ‘선교 개 념의 평면적 확장’(개념 구조의 문제)과 ‘해석학적 규범성의 약화’(방법론의 문제)라는 두 가지 핵심 축으로 규명하고, 이를 개혁주의 신학의 관점에서 비평적으로 성찰하여 대안을 제시하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 먼저 ‘구조적 측면’에서, 본 논문은 ‘Missio Dei’ 개념의 무비판적 수용이 초래한 ‘선 교의 인플레이션’ 현상을 분석했다. 이는 모든 교회 활동을 선교로 명명함으로써 복음 전파의 우선성을 약화시키고 교회의 본질적 표지를 기능적 유용성 아래 종속시키는 ‘평면적 총체성’(flat totality)의 오류를 범했다. 이에 대한 대안으로 본 연구는 ‘이중 선교구조론’(Dual Mission Structure Theory)을 제시한다. 이는 교회의 사명을 대위 임령에 근거한 ‘구속적 선교’(우선성과 원인)와 문화명령에 근거한 ‘창세적 사명’(지향 성과 결과)으로 구분하되, 양자 사이에 필연적인 인과적 질서를 부여함으로써 선교의 ‘구조적 총체성’(structured totality)을 회복하는 틀이다. 다음으로 ‘해석학적 측면’에서, 본 논문은 선교적 해석학이 상황(context)을 강조하는 과정에서 성경(Text)의 객관적 규범성을 약화시키고 주관주의로 흐를 위험성을 지적 했다. 이에 대한 대안으로 제시된 ‘해석학적 선교론’(Hermeneutical Missiology)은 텍스트의 규범성과 컨텍스트의 질문 사이에 ‘비대칭적 통합’을 추구한다. 이는 성경의 절대적 권위를 견지하면서도, 성육신적 삶을 통해 말씀을 현장의 언어로 번역하고 수 행하는 역동적인 방법론적 엔진이다. 최종적으로 본 논문은 이 두 가지 대안적 축을 통합하는 실체로서 ‘구속적 변혁 공동 체’(Redemptive Transformative Community)를 제안한다. 이 공동체는 ‘이중선교- 227 구조론’이라는 견고한 뼈대(구조) 위에서 ‘해석학적 선교론’이라는 성육신적 삶의 방식 (엔진)을 통해 세상 속에서 하나님 나라를 구현하는 증인이다. 결론적으로 본 연구는 기존 선교적 교회론을 폐기하는 것이 아니라, 개혁주의 신학의 토대 위에서 그 구조 적, 해석학적 한계를 보완하여 성경적으로 ‘보정된 선교적 교회론’(corrected missional ecclesiology)를 세우는 데 기여하고자 한다. This dissertation originates from the critical observation that while “Missional Ecclesiology” has emerged as a significant alternative for the 21st-century church, offering relevant breakthroughs in a post-Christendom era, it inherently contains serious theological dilemmas. The purpose of this study is to identify the essence of the theological and practical confusion caused by Missional Ecclesiology through two core axes: the “flat expansion of the mission concept” (structural issue) and the “weakening of hermeneutical normativity” (methodological issue). Furthermore, it aims to critically reflect on these issues from the perspective of Reformed theology and propose constructive alternatives. First, regarding the “structural aspect,” this study analyzes the phenomenon of “mission inflation” caused by the uncritical acceptance of the Missio Dei concept. This expansion has led to the error of “flat totality,” where all church activities are labeled as mission, thereby weakening the priority of evangelism and subordinating the essential marks of the church to functional utility. As an alternative, this study proposes the “Dual Mission Structure Theory.” This framework distinguishes the church’s mission into “Redemptive Mission” (priority and cause), based on the Great Commission, and “Genesis Mission” (orientation and result), based on the Cultural Mandate. By establishing a necessary causal order between these two, this theory seeks to restore the “structured totality” of mission. Second, regarding the “hermeneutical aspect,” this study points out the danger of subjectivism in missional hermeneutics, where the emphasis on - 229 “context” compromises the objective normativity of the biblical “Text.” As an alternative, “Hermeneutical Missiology” is presented to pursue an “asymmetrical integration” between the normativity of the text and the questions of the context. This serves as a dynamic methodological engine that upholds the absolute authority of Scripture while translating and enacting the Word into the language of the field through an incarnational life. Ultimately, this dissertation proposes the “Redemptive Transformative Community” as the integrated embodiment of these two alternatives. This community is an organic entity that stands on the solid framework (structure) of the “Dual Mission Structure Theory” and operates through the incarnational way of life (engine) of “Hermeneutical Missiology” to witness the Kingdom of God in the world. In conclusion, this study does not aim to discard existing Missional Ecclesiology but contributes to establishing “a corrected missional ecclesiology” by supplementing its structural and hermeneutical limitations on the foundation of Reformed theology.

실버합창단의 현황과 합창단원별 인식 조사 연구

이미나 국제신학대학원대학교 2018 국내석사

본 연구는 서울과 경기지역에서 운영되는 실버합창단을 대상으로 실버합창단의 현황과 합창단원의 인식을 설문조사한 것이다. 이를 통해 실버합창단의 활성화 방안을 모색하고 합창단의 활동 향상과 실버합창단의 앞으로의 비전을 제시해 보는데 그 목적이 있다. 연구는 서울 강북 구, 송파 구 2개의 실버합창단과 경기도 군포 시,의왕 시, 성남 시에서 운영되고 있는 실버합창단 5곳의 단원들을 대상으로 실버합창단의 현황과 합창단원의 인식에 대해 설문조사하였다. 연구 결과는 첫째, 합창단원들의 개인 신상으로 연령은 65∼75세, 75세 이상, 65세 미만의 순서로 평균 연령이 높게 나타났다. 성별은 여자 단원이 남자단원보다 7배 많은 것으로 파악되었다. 학력은 고등학교 졸업, 대학교 졸업, 중학교 졸업, 대학원 졸업 이상의 순으로 학력이 높은 편으로 나타났다. 둘째, 합창단의 악기연주와 리딩에서 악기연주 가능한 단원들로 악기를 연주할 수 있는 단원보다 연주할 수 없는 단원이 더 많았고 연주 가능악기는 피아노, 하모니카 , 기타, 오카리나 등의 순으로 나타났다. 악보를 볼 수 있는 단원들이 많았으며 악보를 볼 수 없는 단원이 노래할 때는 지휘자의 선창과 시범이 악보를 보지 않고도 노래하는 데 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 실력증진에 관하여 하고 싶은 것은 ‘발성과 호흡’, ‘음악이론’, ‘중창단을 결성’의 순으로 원하는 것으로 나타났다. 또 실력증진을 위해 선택하고 싶은 것은 성악교실로 나타 났다. 셋째. 합창단 경험에서 변화된 점과 계속하고 싶은 이유가 행복해짐과 노래실력 향상으로 나타났다. 합창단을 하면서 하고 싶은 일은 봉사활동, 단원들과의 인간관계를 원하는 순으로 나타났다. 합창단에서 파트는 알토보다 소프라노를 하고 싶어 하는 경우가 많았으며 합창단 연습은 여자단원이 1주일에 1번 연습을 많이 원하는 것으로 나타났다. 합창단에서 배우는 곡들은 한국 가곡과 외국가곡, 성 음악(성가), 가요, 동요의 순으로 나타났다. 넷째, 합창단 환경은 많은 단원들이 환경에 만족하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 다섯째, 합창단의 발표는 1년에 1번, 2번이 높게 나타났고, 지휘자에게 바라는 점은 노래를 부르기 쉽게 배우기, 전문적인 발성과 이론을 배우고 싶다는 순으로 나타났다. 합창단이 변화되길 바라는 점은 합창단원들이 자부심을 가지고 노력하는 태도, 합창단원 증가, 수준 있는 곡을 하고 싶어 하는 것으로 나타났다. 다섯째, 합창단 원들의 건강에 대한 노력으로 등산, 조깅, 수영으로 나타났고 취미생활로 운동, 여행 , 예능활동의 순으로 하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 합창단의 현황과 단원들의 인식조사를 위한 설문조사에서 합창단활동에 대한 만족도는 1년 미만인 단원들과 1년 이상인 단원들과의 만족도 평균차이가 통계적으로 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 결론에서 앞으로 실버합창단이 발전하고 유지하기 위해 합창단 지휘자, 반주자의 전문성, 재교육, 단원간의 유대관계, 관객에 대한 연구 등에 대한 제언을 하였다.