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윤용순 高麗大學校 經營大學院 1982 국내석사

초등학교 저학년 청음력과 정서지능 향상을 위한 보컬 녹음수업 교수-학습 수업모형 개발

고대철 국민대학교 종합예술대학원 2024 국내석사

초등 저학년 아동은 인지적, 감각적, 정서적 측면에서 급격한 발달을 경험하는 시기에 놓여 있으며, 이러한 발달은 적절한 자극을 통해 더욱 효과적으로 촉진될 수 있다. 특히 음악교육은 이러한 시기의 아동 발달을 전인적으로 자극하는 데 매우 유용한 도구로 작용한다. 초등학교 1~2학년 아동은 상상력이 풍부하고, 소리와 음에 대한 민감도가 높아지는 청각적 발달 특성을 보이며, 음악을 통해 감정 표현 능력과 사회적 공감 능력을 자연스럽게 확장시킬 수 있는 잠재력을 지닌다. 본 연구는 이러한 발달적 특성을 바탕으로, 초등학교 저학년 학생들의 청음력 향상과 정서지능 함양을 주요 목표로 설정하였다. 이를 위해 보컬 녹음 활동을 중심으로 구성된 수업 지도안을 설계하고, 이에 적합한 교수-학습 방법을 개발하였다. 수업 지도안은 실제 수업 현장에서의 적용 가능성과 효과를 검토하기 위해 먼저 가안을 작성한 후, 이를 초등학교 1~2학년 학생들을 대상으로 실제 수업에 적용해 보았다. 이후 체크리스트, 학습활동 관찰 결과, 학생 대상 설문조사 등을 통해 수집된 반응과 피드백을 바탕으로 지도안을 수정·보완하여 최종안을 도출하였다. 학생들은 노래 연습과 녹음 활동을 통해 음정과 박자에 대한 감각을 더욱 정교하게 익혔으며, 자신의 목소리를 녹음하고 이를 직접 들어보는 과정을 통해 자기 점검 및 자기 인식 능력을 기를 수 있었다. 단순히 곡을 따라 부르는 수준을 넘어, 음악을 통해 자신의 감정을 표현하고 그 의미를 해석해보는 경험을 통해 자기 이해의 폭도 넓어졌다. 또한 또래 친구들의 노래를 함께 감상하고 활동지를 작성하거나 상호 간 피드백을 나누는 과정에서 자연스럽게 정서적 공감 능력과 사회적 상호작용 능력도 함께 향상되었다. 교사는 수업 중 체크리스트와 관찰일지를 활용하여 학생들의 학습 과정과 변화를 체계적으로 기록하고 평가하였으며, 이를 통해 최종 수업안을 업데이트하였다. 본 수업 지도안은 초등 저학년 학생들의 인지적·정서적 발달 특성과 음악적 흥미를 종합적으로 고려하여, 음악적 기술과 정서적 역량을 균형 있게 계발할 수 있도록 설계되었다. 특히 보컬 녹음 활동은 학습자의 자기표현 욕구를 충족시키면서도 음악적 자기 이해를 촉진하는 효과적인 교수 전략으로 기능하였으며, 학생들이 음악을 통해 자신과 타인의 감정을 이해하고 공감하는 데 기여하였다. 향후에는 다양한 장르의 곡과 음악 활동을 접목하여 본 수업 모델을 보다 다채롭고 지속 가능한 형태로 발전해 나가는 것이 필요할 것이다. Lower-grade elementary school children are in a developmental stage characterized by rapid growth in cognitive, sensory, and emotional domains. These developmental processes can be more effectively stimulated and reinforced through appropriate and targeted interventions. In particular, music education serves as a highly effective tool for promoting the holistic development of children at this age. First and second-grade students in elementary school tend to exhibit rich imaginations and heightened auditory sensitivity, which makes them especially receptive to learning experiences involving sound and music. Through music, they also have the potential to naturally enhance their emotional expression and social empathy. Based on these developmental characteristics, the present study aimed to improve auditory perception and foster emotional intelligence in lower-grade elementary students. To achieve this, a lesson plan centered on vocal recording activities was designed, and appropriate teaching-learning strategies were developed. An initial draft of the lesson plan was created and applied in actual classroom settings with first and second-grade students. Subsequently, feedback was collected through checklists, classroom activity observations, and student surveys. This feedback was used to revise and refine the lesson plan, resulting in the finalized version. Through singing practice and recording activities, students were able to develop a more refined sense of pitch and rhythm. By recording their own voices and listening to the playback, they cultivated skills in self-assessment and self-awareness. Rather than merely imitating songs, students engaged in expressing and interpreting their emotions through music, thereby deepening their understanding of themselves. Furthermore, by listening to their peers’ recordings, completing activity sheets, and exchanging feedback, students naturally enhanced their emotional empathy and social interaction skills. During the lessons, the teacher systematically documented and evaluated students' learning processes and progress using checklists and observation logs, which were then used to update and improve the final lesson plan. The lesson plan was carefully designed to align with the cognitive and emotional developmental traits and interests of lower-grade elementary students, enabling a balanced development of musical skills and emotional capabilities. In particular, vocal recording activities proved to be an effective instructional strategy that met learners’ desire for self-expression while promoting a deeper understanding of music. Through these activities, students learned to recognize and empathize with both their own and others’ emotions. Going forward, it will be important to develop more diverse and sustainable lesson models by incorporating a wider range of songs and musical activities.

서울지역 치과위생사의 근골격계 증상 호소율

민정란 조선대학교 보건대학원 2006 국내석사

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) are a major occupational health problem. Dental hygienists frequently complain of musculoskelatal symptoms because of long standing time, the bending of the head and low back, twisting of the wrist, repetitive simple job pattern, inadequate working posture Therefore, the purpose of this study was to provide musculoskeletal disorders status of dental hygienist in Seoul. The Survey was self-reported questionnaires of 425 dental hygienists that 400 dental association (approximately 10%) in Seoul. The results are as follows : 1. 38.6% of oral hygienist surveyed had 1~3 years working experience and their frequent work type was treatment assistance with 53.2% 2. 85.6% was complained musculoskeletal symptoms. Shoulder, waist, leg/foot, neck, hand/wrist/finger, arm/elbow symptoms were 72.0%, 65%, 59.7%, 58.8%, 57.2%, 36.2%, respectively. 3. The rate of musculoskeletal pain was increased with years of clinical experience(77.7%, 90.1%, 91.8%)(p<0.05) and also pain of the each part of the body was deepened (p<0.05). 4. Work type was also influenced the pain rate When the oral hygienist did hygienic treatment (scaling etc) and treatment assist, the pain rate was up to 85% and consulting or medical insurance claim was 78%. 5. Pain-lasting time was revealed below a week in week pain and over a month in sever pain(p<0.001). Based on the study results regarding the prevention of musculoskeletal system disorders in dental hygienists, it is required to recognize the risk of musculoskeletal system disorders and to correct an inadequate working posture. At the same time, we should make efforts to maintain good posture constantly and improve prevention programs.

진주시 초등학교 교사의 수돗물불소농도조정사업 인지도에 관한 조사연구

문선정 조선대학교 보건대학원 2006 국내석사

The development of water fluoridation is disturbed with spreading the distorted information about the project. By the medium of variable education and public relations, we induce the positive thinking about water fluoridation to develope the project. Like this, the public support is an important factor to decide the water fluoridation, so it's necessity get higher to study the recognition that is concerned in water fluoridation. The purpose of this study was to obtain the information for improvement of the support on water fluoridation by evaluation of awareness on primary school. The author surveyed 534 teachers who were selected by random sampling of all 1,066 teachers of primary school in Jinju by questionnaires, they were regarded as play an important role in knowledge and habit about oral health of children. The results are as follows : 1. The mean percentage of respondents using the tap water and purified water for drinking was 41.6% and 46.6%, respectively. 2. Recognition rate of water fluoridation was 70.0%, 31.7% of the respondents knew about water fluoridation from mass media. 3. 66.1% of the respondents agreed with water fluoridation. 71.5% of the respondents knew the prevention of dental caries by purpose of water fluoridation 73.0% of the respondents recognized about the efficiency of water fluoridation. 4. 85.0 % of the respondents agreed with continuous water fluoridation, 76.9% of the respondents recognized about safety of water fluoridation. 5. 43.8 % of the respondents agreed with decision of professional group for the performance of water fluoridation. The primary school teachers had positive opinion of the water fluoridation caused by the education from health teacher, related articles, visiting the water purification center, observation the water resources corporation. But some of primary school teachers who had misgivings about the water fluoridation have to receive continuous oral health educations and information. The results are as follows : 1. The mean percentage of respondents using the tap water and purified water for drinking was 41.6% and 46.6%, respectively. 2. Recognition rate of water fluoridation was 70.0%, 31.7% of the respondents knew about water fluoridation from mass media. 3. 66.1% of the respondents agreed with water fluoridation. 71.5% of the respondents knew the prevention of dental caries by purpose of water fluoridation 73.0% of the respondents recognized about the efficiency of water fluoridation. 4. 85.0 % of the respondents agreed with continuous water fluoridation, 76.9% of the respondents recognized about safety of water fluoridation. 5. 43.8 % of the respondents agreed with decision of professional group for the performance of water fluoridation. The primary school teachers had positive opinion of the water fluoridation caused by the education from health teacher, related articles, visiting the water purification center, observation the water resources corporation. But some of primary school teachers who had misgivings about the water fluoridation have to receive continuous oral health educations and information.

MCMC를 이용한 전염병 확산 모형개발에 관한 연구

한무영 연세대학교 대학원 2006 국내박사

전염병에 대한 통계학적 접근은 최근들어 SEIR 모형이 기본적인 모형으로 많이 사용되며, 이 모형들은 S(susceptible), E(exposed), I(infectious), R(recovered or removed)의 상태로 나뉘어 있는 개체들에 대한 모집단의 기본 모형을 이용해 연구자가 원하는 모수들을 추정하는 접근 방법에 따라 여러 가지 변형된 모형이 제시되어 왔다. 누락되거나 관찰하지 못한 잠복기와 감염기, 관찰되지 않은 변수 등, 누락 자료를 다수 포함할 수 밖에 없는 전염병 자료에서 나타날 수 있는 특성이 모수의 추정을 어렵게 하는 경향이 있기 때문에, 근래에 모수들을 좀 더 수월하게 추정하기 위해서 마코브 체인 몬테 카를로(Markov chain Monte Carlo, MCMC)를 이용한 접근법이 많이 사용되고 있다.본 연구에서는 MCMC를 근간으로 한 접근법에서 실제로 얻을 수 있는 자료에 좀 더 근접한 모형을 만들기 위해, 시간의 흐름을 이산형으로 정의하고, 모형에 사용되는 변수의 결측치 및 통제 효과에 대해서도 추정을 할 수 있는 방법을 개발하였다.모형의 타당성을 위해 임의 자료를 통한 시뮬레이션으로 모수를 추정하였으며, 이 후 실제 전염병 자료를 이용하여 기존의 연구에 도출된 추정치의 결과와 비교하였다. 기존의 연구와 결과를 비교하면, 표준편차는 커지는 결과를 얻었는데, 이는 결측치가 포함되고 이항분포를 사용하였기 때문이다. 그러나 모수의 추정치는 전체적으로 실제값에 더 가까워져 좋은 결과를 얻었다고 할 수 있으며, 이를 통해 시간의 이산형을 고려하고, 누락된 자료를 함께 모수 추정에 사용하였던 모형이 전염병 예측 모형의 사용에 적합함을 알 수 있었다. Stochastic compartmental models are widely used in the statistical analysis of epidemic diseases. These models consider populations of individuals as being partitioned in disjoint subsets(SEIR : susceptible, exposed, infectious and removed(or recovered)) and represent the transitions of individuals between compartment as stochastic processes.In order to capture the stochastic nature of the transitions between the compartmental populations in such a model we specify appropriate conditional binomial distributions. In addition, a relatively simple temporally varying transmission rate function is introduced that allows for the effect of control interventions. This study develops Markov chain Monte Carlo methods for inference that are used to explore the posterior distribution of the parameters. The algorithm is further extended to integrate numerically over state variables of the model, which are unobserved. This provides a realistic stochastic model that can be used by epidemiologists to study the dynamics of the disease and the effect of control interventions.

LASSO를 이용한 간경변 발생 예측 모형 연구

김성은 연세대학교 대학원 2006 국내석사

Liver cirrhosis can induce a complication, so it is necessary to reduce the incidence of liver cirrhosis by early diagnosis such as screening test.This study investigated prediction model for the development of liver cirrhosis and identified the risk factors related with liver cirrhosis based on screening data accumulated from 1994 to 2005. We applied the LASSO to the logistic regression model(LASSO-logistic regression), used it as prediction model and compared the performance of any other methods with ours. As a result, accuracy and sensitivity using LASSO-logistic regression were 91.6%, 58.27%. These indicated that LASSO-logistic regression is comparable to performance of any others. And, we found that the risk factors related with liver cirrhosis were HBsAg, AntiHCV, Family history, Drinking, Platelet, Alkaline phosphatase, Albumin and . This shows that these are well known risk factors of liver cirrhosis. Also, when using LASSO-logistic regression, it is easy to interpretate the results in contrast to decision tree, Random Forests, SVM-RFE. Therefore, LASSO-logistic regression is suitable for data analysis to have need of variable selection and discriminant analysis simultaneously. 간경변증(Liver Cirrhosis)은 간의 염증이 오래 지속되어 간의 정상적인 구조가 소실되고 굳어지면서 간의 표면이 울퉁불퉁해지는 것으로, 많은 합병증을 유발시킬 수 있는 질병이므로 건강검진 등의 조기진단을 통해 간경변 발생을 줄이기 위한 노력이 필요하다.본 논문에서는 1994년 5월 ~ 2005년 9월에 건강검진을 받은 85,458명의 검진자 중 병원에 내원하여 소화기내과 검사를 받은 4,093명을 대상으로 간경변 발생에 대한 위험인자를 살펴보고, 간경변 발생 예측 모형을 연구하였다. 로지스틱 회귀모형에 LASSO를 적용하여(LASSO-logistic regression) 예측모형으로 사용하였으며, 기존의 데이터마이닝 기법인 판별분석, 단계적 로지스틱 회귀분석, 의사결정나무, Random Forests, SVM-RFE와 성능을 비교하였다. 그 결과, LASSO-logistic regression을 통해 구축된 간경변 발생 예측 모형의 성능은 정확도가 91.6%, 민감도가 58.27%로 나타나 기존의 데이터마이닝 기법과 비슷한 성능을 보였다. 간경변 발생 위험인자는 B형간염S항원(HBsAg), C형간염항체(AntiHCV), 가족력, 음주력, 혈소판 수치(Platelet), 알칼라인 포스파타제(Alk.Phos), 알부민(Albumin), 로, 기존에 알려진 간경변 발생 위험인자를 잘 나타내주고 있으며, 의사결정나무, Random Forests, SVM-RFE와 달리 변수의 해석이 쉽다. 그러므로 LASSO-logisitic regression은 변수선택과 판별분석이 동시에 필요한 자료에 적합하다고 할 수 있다.

사람 치은염 병소의 치면세균막에서 분리ㆍ동정된 Fusobacterium nucleatum의 수종 항생제에 대한 내성 검사

최재흥 조선대학교 2006 국내박사

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility of Fusobacterium nucleatum isolated from the dental plaques in gingivitis lesion of Koreans. Methods: The minimal inhibitory concentration of 7 antibiotics for 34 strains of F. nucleatum was tested by broth microdilution assay. Results: The data showed that only 2 out of 34 strains have resistance to penicillin G, amoxicillin, and Augmentin (amoxicillin + clavulanic acid, 5:1). The other strains were sensitive to all of the antibiotics tested in this study except ciprofloxacin. Conclusion: These results suggest that penicillin G or amoxicillin could be used in the first choice antibiotics for the target of F. nucleatum in Koreans.

치면소와열구전색사업 실태 및 수행 구강위생사의 인지도 조사

정순옥 조선대학교 보건대학원 2006 국내석사

For the improvement of national dental health, it is important to take care the first molar from the age of primary school. For the improvement of the dental health level of primary school students, as a project of national health projects, the pit and fissure sealing is ongoing and expanded to the entire nation. It is necessary to survey and analyze the awareness of dental hygienists hired at the health center and apply the information as the basic information to improvement of national dental health policies. Therefore, by surveying and analyzing the awareness level of dental hygienists who carrying out the pit and fissure sealing project in 20 areas of Gyeongsangnam-do. The results are as follows : 1. The sealing performed at the agency office was 28.6%, and the sealing performed at school away from the office was 71.4%. 2. The number of fissure sealing days according to dental hygienists was that 1?2days per week was 46.9% and less than one day per week was 33.6% (p<0.05). 3. In regard to the mean number of fissure sealings per day, dental hygienists were 32.0 and dentists were 16.83, and concerning the sealing time(hour), dental hygienists were 3.65, dentistㆍdental hygienists were 2.75, and dentists were 1.98. 4. In regard to the content of the education for individuals to be sealed, the effectiveness was 74.2% (p<0.01). 5. The evaluation rate of the project was 58.9% (p<0.01) and the evaluation of the duration rate of the sealing was 77.0%. 6. As the policy of maintenance system, regular re-examinations and re-sealing were 61.4%, and performing oral health education was 28.3% (p<0.05). 7. As the supplement points of the project, transportation benepits and a ride(3.99±1.24), the increase of the oral health project budget(3.97±1.11), the duty education of dental hygienists, additional hiring of hygienists, etc. 8.As suggestions to the national oralhealth policy, the establishment of the quotaby law upon the expansion of the school oral healthroom in school (4.78±0.52), to station dental hygienists in change of oral health administration(4.54±0.96), etc. It was considered that the pitand fissure sealing plan of primary school children should be reflected actively on the improvement and adjustment of oral health policy that could be developed continuously.

한서생체자기경락요법이 초산부의 분만시간과 제왕절개율에 미치는 효과분석

구태회 연세대학교 보건대학원 2001 국내석사

중학교 및 고등학교 교직원의 운동습관과 건강상태에 관한 연구

최봉영 연세대학교 보건대학원 2002 국내석사

본 연구는 남·녀 교직원의 일반적 특성(성별, 연령별, 중고별)에 따른 건강상태와 운동습관에 따른 건강상태를 파악하여 교직원에 맞는 효율적 건강프로그램의 개발에 필요한 기초자료를 제공하기 위하여 시도된 서술적 조사 연구이다. 연구대상은 2000년 9월부터 11월까지 공무원 건강진단을 받은 중고교직원으로 남자교직원 314명, 여자교직원 214명으로 전체 528명을 대상자로 하였다. 연구도구는 국민건강보험공단에서 사용한 문진표 중 과거 병력 문항(1문항), 현재 건강상태 인지(1문항), 운동여부(2문항), 질병 조기발견을 위한 문항(18문항) 등 총 22문항을 이용하였다. 자료분석은 SAS 프로그램을 이용하여, 백분율과 카이제곱, t-test, 다중로지스틱 회귀분석을 시행하였다. 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 연구대상자 528명중 남자 59.5%, 여자 40.5%이며, 연령별로는 30∼40 대가 각각 36.7%, 34.5%로 가장 많았으며, 중·고별로는 각각 34.1%, 65.9%로 분포되었다. 2. 교직원의 운동습관으로 땀이 날 정도의 운동을 일주일에 몇 번하냐는 질문에 교직원 중 58.9%가 운동을 한다고 응답하였고, 운동시간에 대한 질문에서는 30분이상 1시간미만이 35.7%로 가장 많이 차지하고 있음을 알 수 있다. 3. 성별에 따른 운동습관은 남자 교직원이 여자 교직원에 비해 3.36배 더 운동을 하고 있었으며, 연령별 운동습관은 60대가 78.6%로 연령이 증가할수록 많은 교직원들이 운동을 하고 있었다. 중고별의 운동습관은 고등학교 교직원이 더 운동을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 4. 신체적 건강상태의 정상판정율은 여자교직원이 56.1%로 남자교직원보다 높았으며 연령별에서는 20대의 정상판정율이 높은 반면 40대부터 정상판정율이 40.7%로 현저히 낮아졌다. 5. 주관적 건강상태에서 53.2%만이 '현재 건강하다'고 인지하였고, 일반적 특성 의하면 남자교직원의 건강 인지율이 높았고 60대가 64.3%로 건강 인지율이 가장 높았다. 중고별에서는 남자교직원이 많은 고등학교에서 56.5%로 다소 높게 나타났다. 특히 운동을 하는 교직원에서는 65.5%가 '현재 건강하다'고 인지하고 있었다. 6. 신체증상 및 증후의 개수는 평균 2.65개였고, 운동습관에 따른 교직원의 신체증상 및 증후 평균 개수는 2.19개로 운동할 때 평균개수가 적었으며, 신체적 건강상태와의 관계에 있어서는 정상군 2.69개로 불편을 호소하는 경우가 다소 많았다. 7. 건강 인지군의 신체건강상태는 58.7%로 '건강하다라고 인지하는 사람일수록 신체적 건강상태가 좋았다. 8. 운동습관과 신체적 건강상태의 변인분석 결과는 정상군이 질환의심군보다 0.97배 적게 운동하고 주관적 건강상태의 변인분석에서는 건강군이 불건강군보다 1.76배 더 운동하는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 종합하여 볼 때 교직원의 일반적 특성(성별, 연령별, 중고별), 운동습관에 따른 건강상태에 차이가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 남자교직원의 운동을 많이 함에도 불구하고 여자교직원의 신체적 건강 상태가 좋다는 것은 운동뿐만 아니라 스트레스, 흡연, 음주 등을 함께 통제할 때 건강을 유지함을 알 수 있었다. 또한 운동은 젊었을 때 하는 것이 좋고, 운동을 하면 주관적 건강상태도 좋음을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 본 연구의 단면적 연구로 인해 운동습관과 신체적 건강상태의 관련성을 명확히 제시하는데 어려움이 있었으므로 차후 세부적인 연구가 필요할 것이다. This study aims to demonstrate the relation between the teachers' habits of usual exercise and the health condition, physical and subjective. The targets of this study are the 528 male and female teachers of the middle and high school in Seoul from twenty to sixty five years old who took physical examinations in one hospital in Seoul over a year. In collecting the data, the normal characteristics and subjective health conditions of the target teachers and the information about whether they exercise or not are acquired through the paperwork research. The physical health conditions of the target teachers are classified into the normal group and disease-suspected one after physical check-ups on blood, urine, chest, with the results being judged by the doctors. And the teachers were asked to give answers with 'yes' or 'no' to 18 questionnaire, and the 'yes' answers were analyzed again with each element's average points. In analysis, normal characteristics are shown by a real number and percentage, and the relation among the characteristics, health condition and exercise habits is analysed by x^2 and t-test. And to identify the variables concerning an exercise, 'simple logistic regression' was conducted with such variables as normal characteristics(sex, age, school), physical health condition and his/her sense of present health condition. The results are as follows. Of the 528 teachers, 59.5% was male and most were from 30's to 40's and 34.1 % was from the middle school while 65.9% was from the high school. The teachers were asked how many times a week they take exercise sweating. Then 58.9% of them said they were taking exercise, with 70.7% of men and 41.6% of women answering they were taking exercise. And 35.7% of them were taking exercise over 30 minutes and within an hour. The rate of teachers' participating in the exercise is steadily on increase and male teachers are more active than female teachers in exercise. And with age, there is a tendency that the older they are, the more eagerly they want to exercise. This is supposed to be owing to the Perceived Importance of Health that gets stronger as one gets older. This corresponds with the study of Song, Kem-Sook (2000) that says the older one is, the more responsibility of health one has. In this research, the rate of the normal physical health conditioned teachers was 51% and that of abnormal ones was 49%. The former is a little higher than that of the latter but the latter is on increase every year. And the relation between exercise habit and physical health condition turned out to be different from our expectation, showing the rate of abnormal health condition is higher than that of normal one, and this suggests that we need further study on. When asked about subjective sense of health, 53.2% of the teachers answered they are healthy while 46.9% answered the opposite. This positive answer is applied to 55% of male teachers while applied to 53.1% of female teachers. And the teachers taking exercise thought their exercise helped to keep them healthy. In the inquiries asking the symptom and sign of feeling uncomfortable about their body, 39.1%, the biggest number answered it's 'chronic fatigue syndrome', and when given 18 questions about symptoms and signs, they answered 'yes' with average 2.65. The teachers taking exercise answered with average 2.19 while those not taking exercise answered with average 3.36, which shows that exercise reduces the points. As you see in this study, the teachers' abnormal healthy condition is getting worse and worse every year. But we can also know that their life style for health activity and health enhancing has not changed much. In this situation, the teachers should change their life style in an attempt to try to live a healthy life. A regular exercise not only provides a base for an abundant life but also enhances the teachers' life quality.