Student characteristics and organizational differences as they relate to transfer

Sheldon, Caroline Quirion University of California, Los Angeles 2006 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

This study draws from the social reproduction theory of Pierre Bourdieu, in particular Bourdieu's concept of habitus, in an attempt to uncover the means by which California community college students are channeled into particular transfer destinations, specifically, the California State University, the University of California, and four-year for-profit universities such as the University of Phoenix. Bourdieu's concept of habitus, operationalized in this study as ascribed characteristics of students, such as ethnicity, class, and gender, and organizational qualities of the community college, such as transfer rates, percentages of students receiving need-based aid and requiring remedial coursework, were examined in an effort to discern the effects of social background characteristics, academic experiences, and institutional effects in the transfer process. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to ascertain the predictive value and relative strength of each of the variables in the model. In addition, the relative risk ratios for three distinct contrasts were estimated. The risk ratios associated with the set of social, academic, and organizational qualities on transfer to the CSU were compared with those associated with transfer to the University of California and for-profit universities. Predicted probabilities, based upon ethnicity and financial need, of attending the most selective institution (i.e. the University of California) were also calculated. This procedure allowed for certain characteristics, such as full or part-time attendance or academic area of emphasis, to be held constant thus illuminating the effects of such variables as race, gender, and the transfer rate of the community college. For the total population of community college students, social background, academic experiences, and organizational characteristics had predictive effects on the transfer outcome. Specifically, the strongest predictors of transfer to the University of California were GPA, being Asian, and the transfer rate of the community college. Age exerted the strongest negative effect on transfer to the University of California. The strongest predictors of transfer to the for-profit segment were age, part-time attendance at the community college, being African American, and male. GPA exerted the strongest negative effect relative to the other predictors on transfer to the for-profit segment. For the total population of community college students, Asian males and females had the highest predicted probabilities of transfer to the UC while African American males and females had the highest predicted probabilities of transfer to the for-profit segment. For the traditional group of community college students, Asian males and females had the highest predicted probabilities of transfer to the University of California and Latino males and females had higher predicted probabilities of transfer to the University of California than white students. For the entire population of community college students, the transfer rate of the community college had no impact on the predicted probabilities of transfer to particular institutions; however, consistent with previous community college research, for the traditional subset of community college students, the transfer rate of the community college exerted a positive effect on transfer. Specifically, the predicted probability of transfer to the University of California was higher when students were enrolled at community colleges with higher transfer rates.

"Of the community, for the community": The Chicana/o student movement in California's public higher education, 1967-1973

Moreno, Marisol University of California, Santa Barbara 2009 해외공개박사

This study examines the Chicana/o student movement in Southern California colleges from 1967 to 1973. Using oral histories, movement newspapers, university archives, and government documents, I argue that Chicana/o student activists centered their organizational identities, activities, and goals on servicing the Mexican American community. Given the diminutive presence of Mexican Americans in higher education, student activists tapped into the social networks and resources, the collective identity, the ideology, and the tactics and strategies of the Chicano Movement to launch a Chicana/o student movement for educational equity. Using a case study approach, the dissertation focuses on four campuses, East Los Angeles College, the University of California, Santa Barbara, the University of California, San Diego, and California State College, Long Beach to examine how students created organizations; participated in multi-ethnic coalitions; mobilized and affirmed non-white racial and gendered identities; and engaged in protest politics. This work reveals that in the course of participating in barrio and campus struggles, students build a sense of community, which in turn helped to develop and sustain the Chicano Movement's solidarity and collective action over a period of time. The intent of this study is to demonstrate the critical role of Chicana/o student activism in the Chicano Movement and California student movement. In addition to providing a voice for their barrios, Chicana/o student activists pressured state colleges and universities to act and expand on the 1960 Master Plan of Higher Education's mandate to service all segments of California's communities. Despite the Chicana/o student movement's inability to sustain its political momentum and to actualize all of its goals, it yielded significant institutional and cultural changes, among which include the creation of Chicana/o Studies departments and curricula; an increased enrollment of Mexican Americans and other Latina/os into higher education; and the production of a generation of professionals and leaders infused with an ethos of social justice and community service.

A case study of internationalization in a Japanese university: Organizational change and communication

Kitahara, Kenzo University of California, Los Angeles 2003 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

This research is to investigate what is internationalization for a Japanese university, how a Japanese university deals with internationalization as an environment change, and why it is difficult for a Japanese university to internationalize its organization. In 1970s international organization, UNESCO, began to investigate Japanese higher education, and recommended the Government to improve its closed system of higher education. Since then Japanese universities made a effort to internationalize their organizations but it cannot be said as being successful. Specifically, it was hard for Japanese universities to promote academic interchange with foreign institutions. It is much more difficult for Japanese institutions to employ foreign faculty and to use English as an official language. This research takes a case study with naturalistic view, and Waseda university was chosen as a field-site. Waseda University attempted to internationalize its organization, and for that reason President and his Executive Board planned to establish a new graduate school which name was Graduate School of Asian Pacific Studies (GSAPS) with International Relations Specialty and International Management Specialty. This case study focuses on communication in the process of establishing GSAPS. There were many conflicts between President and other political powers such as undergraduate departments called “gakubu” which has strong power based on undergraduate department autonomy authorized by the School Education Law. Even a graduate school is controlled by an undergraduate department in Japanese universities. In Waseda University each undergraduate department controlled vertically each graduate school such as Law, Commerce, Political Science and Economy, Literature, Education, Social Sciences, Human Sciences, and Science and Engineering. Each department faculty autonomy protect its status quo interest from changing its organization. President does not have authoritative decision-making power and thus has to request agreement to each undergraduate department. The characteristics of such departments was closed circle which consists of Waseda alumni faculty, besides almost male one. This structure can be said as one of main factor that a Japanese university cannot easily change its organization and system according to change of outer environment. In other words, internationalization is a process of changing closed system to open system for a Japanese university.

Beacons of hope and success provide college access lessons: Portraits of Mexican American students' university preparation and life histories

Andalon, Richard University of California, Los Angeles 2005 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

Mexican Americans attend universities at disproportionately low rates. While much research identifies risk factors that impede Mexican Americans' access to higher education institutions, very few qualitative investigations exist documenting the factors that facilitate their successful preparation for universities. This study helps fill such gap. This in-depth qualitative study probes both risk and success factors in examining the college preparation and life histories generally of low socioeconomic Mexican American students who beat the odds and matriculate to the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). In reflecting on their journeys to this premier public university, the resilient college students in this study eloquently and vividly share their inspiring stories. Reflecting the diversity of the Mexican American community, this study includes the perspectives of American-born citizens, recent immigrants, students with upbringings in two-parent and single-parent households, and students with different college preparatory experiences, including those matriculating to the university upon high school graduation and those entering the university after completing community college transferable coursework. Five male and five female students participate in this study. The data come from personal interviews with students and from a focus group session with students. Grounded theory and a literature-based conceptual framework are the data analysis methods that help identify and shape the categories, influences, and themes of this study. Using portraiture, portraits convey the findings of this study. The students in this study speak of the people, programs, and psychosocial dynamics that influence their university preparation, providing both positive and negative accounts under each category. Regarding the people, students highlight parents, teachers, counselors, peers, and siblings. Students report on both academic and non-academic programs, including involvement in distinct curricula, outreach initiatives, and extracurricular activities. Concerning the psychosocial dynamics, students reveal their self-concepts, mention feeling a need to prove themselves, and share how they rely on faith and spirituality. The findings of this study can inform educators, researchers, and policymakers seeking to understand the salient factors and life conditions influencing the university preparation of low socioeconomic Mexican American students. Broadly, the findings can inform educational programs aimed at promoting the academic achievement and college-going rates of low socioeconomic Mexican American and other disadvantaged students.

The commercialization of university technology: Implications for firm strategy and public policy

Ziedonis, Arvids Alexander University of California, Berkeley 2001 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

Since the 1980s, several trends have increased the importance of licensing and patenting and the commercialization of university-invented technologies: the enactment of the Bayh-Dole Act of 1980, which facilitated patenting and licensing by universities; increased commercial interest in biotechnology, a technical field in which university research capabilities are particularly strong; and the general strengthening of US intellectual property rights in the 1980s. This dissertation presents three related studies that examine important dimensions of U.S. university patenting and licensing, (1) how the characteristics of firms influence their decisions to license university technologies and their management of this uncertain process, (2) the geographic diffusion of university technology through knowledge spillovers and market-based licensing transactions, and (3) the effect of the Bayh-Dole Act on the research and technology marketing activities by universities. In the first study, I develop two simple models that predict the likelihood that a firm will license a university technology and whether the firm will purchase an “option” agreement to manage the technological uncertainty of the commercialization process. I empirically test predictions generated by these models using detailed data on exclusive licenses of patented inventions at the University of California, the largest university licensor in the U.S. In the second study, I examine the differential geographic “reach” of market and non-market channels of university technology commercialization. The findings presented in this study contradict earlier conclusions regarding the relative importance of geography for knowledge spillovers and market-based transactions in technology transfer. In the third study, I investigate the effect of commercialization incentives created by the Bayh-Dole Act of 1980 on the research and technology marketing efforts of three leading university licensors, and augment this analysis with large-scale empirical examination of the effect by Bayh-Dole on the “quality” of U.S. university patenting. The findings suggest that the decline in the quality of U.S. university patents observed after Bayh-Dole appears to be due to the Act's encouragement of new universities into technology transfer, rather than a change in the research incentives of universities, as widely feared by policymakers and other interested observers.

DOMESTICATING THE IMMIGRANT: CALIFORNIA'S COMMISSION OF IMMIGRATION AND HOUSING AND THE DOMESTIC IMMIGRATION POLICY MOVEMENT, 1910-1945

WOO-SAM, ANNE MARIE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY 1999 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

This dissertation examines the implementation of a “domestic immigration policy” by California's Commission of Immigration and Housing. The history of U.S. immigration policy is usually written as a fight over restrictions and quotas at the federal level. Describing immigration policy in this way, scholars have ignored the existence of state immigrant protective agencies that emerged during the Progressive Era. By 1923, such policies existed in states having over fifty percent of the United States' immigrant population. California's program was the second in the nation and one of the most ambitious in the scope of its activities. The first chapter places California's program in the context of a national movement for a “domestic immigration policy.” In California, New York, Massachusetts and other states, this policy aimed to assimilate immigrants through three broad areas of action: protection, education, and geographical dispersion. In practice, these areas of reform translated into state programs for the Americanization of immigrants and the native-born, the state's regulation of living and working conditions, and the state's adjustment of immigrant complaints. The second chapter introduces the bureaucrats responsible for the commission's development. Chapters three through six examine California's domestic immigration policy in four areas: Americanization, the adjustment of immigrant complaints, the regulation of migrant laborers' living and working conditions, and the regulation of housing. A concluding chapter looks at the movement away from the domestic immigration policy that the commission started with and the development of new policies as part of the “fight against fascism” in California from 1939 through 1942. This dissertation thus challenges the literature which looks at immigration policy only at the federal level, or which discusses domestic immigration policy merely within a social control framework. When we look at the commission's functions, it becomes evident that the social control of immigrant life was only part of a much more comprehensive domestic immigration policy. Rather than emphasizing Americanization as a one way exchange in which immigrants were expected to adopt American values, California's experience shows that Americanization called for fundamental changes in native-born behavior and institutions to a degree that has rarely been acknowledged in the literature.

Taxonomy and biology of Eutypa and other diatrypaceae species associated with grapevine canker diseases in California

Trouillas, Florent University of California, Davis 2009 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

Eutypa dieback is a severe canker disease of grapevine, apricot and cherry trees around the world. About four decades of exciting research and findings have been carried out at the University of California, Davis to understand the etiology, epidemiology and development of the disease. However, several questions have remained and one of the major challenges has been the implementation of effective control methods. Other remaining challenges regarding Eutypa dieback have been the detection of inoculum sources for the main causal agent Eutypa lata as well as the understanding of the diversity and role of the fungal flora associated with the disease. The work presented in this thesis initiated from a major concern addressed to me from my major professor Dr Gubler: "Where are the inoculum sources for Eutypa dieback of grapevine in California?" This question was the start for conducting large surveys across California wine regions for the perithecia of E. lata. Consequently, this work led to the discovery of several other diatrypaceous fungi, which appeared to be associated with the decline of cultivated grapevines. Despite the common occurrence of diatrypaceous fungi in vineyards as well as in nature, no study had been conducted to collect, identify and classify these fungi in California. The present study constitutes the first report of several new hosts for E. lata in the natural California flora and thus exposes the potential for native vegetation to serve as a source of inoculum for Eutypa dieback. This work also describes Eutypa leptoplaca as a new pathogen of grapevines in Northern California and it characterizes 14 additional species of Diatrypaceae from the wood of diseased grapevines using morphology and phylogeny and represents the first taxonomic study for these fungi in California. The pathogenicity of these fungi also is described and their role in vineyards is discussed. Finally, this work evaluated double pruning of grapevines as a cultural management practice for reducing infections by Eutypa lata in spur-pruned vineyards.

Studies in the History and Geography of California Languages

Haynie, Hannah Jane University of California, Berkeley 2012 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

This dissertation uses quantitative and geographic analysis techniques to examine the historical and geographical processes that have shaped California's linguistic diversity. Many questions in California historical linguistics have received diminishing attention in recent years, remaining unanswered despite their continued relevance. The studies included in this dissertation reinvigorate some of these lines of inquiry by introducing new analytical techniques that make effective use of computational advances and existing linguistic data. These studies represent three different scales of historical change – and associated geographic patterns – and demonstrate the broad applicability of new statistical and geographic methodologies in several areas of historical linguistics. The first of these studies (Chapter 2) focuses on the dialect scale, examining the network of internal diversity within the Eastern Miwok languages of the Central Sierra Nevada foothills. This study uses dialectometric measures of linguistic differentiation and geographic distance models to characterize the dialect geography of this language family and examine how human-environment relations have influenced its development. This study finds three primary linguistic divisions in the Eastern Miwok dialect network, corresponding to Plains Miwok, Southern Sierra Miwok and Northern/Central Sierra Miwok, as well as a number of smaller patterns of regional variation. It also identifies elevation, vegetation, and surface water as influences on the dialect network in the region and establishes the utility of cost distance modeling for studying historical linguistic contact networks in situations where our historical knowledge is limited. The second study (Chapter 3) evaluates the hypothesis that the small families and isolate languages of California form a few, deep genealogical ``stocks''. While attempts to validate two of these – Hokan and Penutian – have not met with widespread approval, the classifications themselves have been adopted widely. This study examines the statistical evidence for such deep, stock-level relationships among California languages by implementing a metric of recurrent sound correspondence and a Monte Carlo-style test for significance. The multilateral comparison involved in the clustering component of this method makes it particularly sensitive to the types of large clusters that might represent "Hokan" and "Penutian" groups. However, this test finds no evidence for such groupings and casts further doubt on the genealogical status of these categories. The scale of the final study (Chapter 4) is broader both temporally and geographically. Chapter 4 examines the idea that Northern California functions as a linguistic area. Uncertainty regarding the genealogical and contact-related influences on individual languages in the region and links between Northern California and other linguistic areas make it difficult to evaluate existing proposals about the region's areal status based only on the regional similarities such studies offer as evidence. This chapter uses measures of spatial autocorrelation to determine whether the spatial patterns exhibited by individual features and cumulative patterns in the region as a whole are likely to reflect a history of geographic trait diffusion. While there is good evidence for areal feature spread in Northern California, and particularly in the Northwestern California and Clear Lake areas, many of the features that occur in Northern California extend up the Pacific coast and suggest that Northern California may be better characterized as a peripheral part of the better-supported Northwest Coast linguistic area.

Essays on the Economics of Powdery Mildew in the California Grape Industry

Sambucci, Olena University of California, Davis 2015 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

This dissertation develops a detailed analysis of the pesticide application decisions made by grape growers in California to manage powdery mildew in their vineyard. The broader context for this research is the use of forecasting tools to mitigate agricultural production risk due to pests and disease, and the main question is how the behavioral biases of the growers affect their use of information about the risk of a specific disease outbreak. Grape powdery mildew is a fungal disease that affects grape crops all over the world and is the most significant disease in terms of expenses for control and losses in quality and yield faced by grape growers in California. Powdery mildew management accounts for the majority of total pesticide applications by California grape growers, and the pecuniary costs of managing powdery mildew are in the range of 3--7 percent of the gross value of production in places where powdery mildew pressure is significant. The total pecuniary costs of managing powdery mildew in California in 2011 are estimated in this dissertation to be about $189 million. This dissertation examines changes in the management of powdery mildew by grape growers with the use of the Gubler-Thomas Powdery Mildew Index (PMI), a forecasting model designed to guide the applications of pesticides used to manage powdery mildew in vineyards. The analysis is done with the use of a structural dynamic model, a reduced-form econometric estimation, and a comparative study of changes in the costs of managing powdery mildew with the use of production budgets for a sample of representative growers. Chapters 1 and 2 provide introduction, background and estimates of pecuniary and non-pecuniary costs of managing powdery mildew in California. Chapter 3 develops a structural dynamic model and estimates the parameters of the function of the expected loss of crop value from an outbreak of powdery mildew. The parameter estimates are then used to evaluate the changes in the welfare of grape growers with the use of the PMI. The results suggest that average level of welfare declines or doesn't change for growers of wine grapes with the use of the PMI. At the same time, average welfare increases for growers of raisin grapes in all counties. Chapter 4 explores the effect of an online training course on the management of powdery mildew by the growers and the resulting changes to the costs and the environmental impact of pesticide applications. The analysis suggests that the costs of managing powdery mildew increase for most growers by between $14 to $84 per acre. These costs are likely to be offset by the private benefits the growers receive. At the same time, the environmental impact of the changes in powdery mildew management is negative, and it is unclear whether private benefits offset these public costs. Chapter 5 examines the economic value of an automated powdery mildew sprayer, which requires little decision-making input from the growers. The results suggests that growers would not benefit from the automated sprayer in the areas where the labor costs are high, unless the sprayer was designed to reduce the amount of labor used to drive the sprayer through the vineyard. At the same time, growers in areas with low costs of labor and a shorter season of powdery mildew management would benefit from an automated sprayer, saving about 1--2 percent of total production costs. This dissertation contributes to a better economic understanding of powdery mildew on grapes and the powdery mildew management programs employed by grape growers in California. It shows that powdery mildew treatment strategies used by growers in California vary widely among the growers of different categories of grapes and among different regions of the state, and explains the factors behind some of the variation. In addition, analysis in this chapter provides a starting point for discussing the economic benefits of using robots to optimize management of grape crops. Techniques developed in this dissertation can be used to address related problems, such as other diseases of grapes or other perennial crops.

Occurrencce and nature of rice blast disease caused by Pyricularia grisea in California

Greer, Christopher Alan University of California, Davis 1999 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

Rice blast disease, caused by the fungus <italic>Pyricularia grisea</italic>, was first identified in California in 1996. <italic>P. grisea</italic> was isolated from symptomatic rice panicle neck nodes and shown to be pathogenic on rice in the greenhouse. Rice blast disease was first observed in Glenn and Colusa counties in 1996 and Sutter County in 1997. The disease appears to be spreading at a moderate rate in California rice fields. Severity of rice blast was highest in 1996, less in 1997, and least in 1998. Pathotype testing and DNA fingerprinting of California <italic>P. grisea </italic> isolates revealed a remarkably homogeneous population with only one international race (IG-1) and one MGR586 fingerprint group (lineage) detected in extensive isolate collections from 1996, 1997, and 1998. Homogeneity of the California <italic>P. grisea</italic> population suggests that the introduction of a single clonal lineage of the pathogen was responsible for the occurrence of rice blast in California. <italic>P. grisea</italic> was recovered from rice crop residue and commercial seedlots, but not from weed species in and around rice fields. Crop residue and seed are possible sources of initial <italic>P. grisea</italic> inoculum in California rice fields. Examination of weather data indicates that environmental conditions in California rice producing areas are permissive for rice blast but generally not optimal for epidemic development. Weather data from California rice fields in 1998 indicated that long leaf wetness and high relative humidity periods required for sporulation and infection were common. However, peak spore release generally occurred around 6 a.m. which would not allow sufficient time for efficient infection before the leaf wetness periods end over the majority of the growing season. Concentrations of sodium hypochlorite in seed soaks that did not adversely affect germination and seedling development were found to be ineffective in eliminating <italic>P. grisea</italic> from infested rice seed. Quadris fungicide shows promise for control of neck blast, resulting in improved yield and milling quality, and reduced percent infested seed. Excess nitrogen over that required for maximum yield resulted in an increase of severity of the blast disease. Cultivar M-201 is more susceptible to blast than other California cultivars.