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Han, Jae Woo,Shim, Sang Hee,Jang, Kyoung Soo,Choi, Yong Ho,Dang, Quang Le,Kim, Hun,Choi, Gyung Ja Taylor & Francis Inc. 2018 Journal of Environmental Science and Health. Part Vol.53 No.2
<P>As an alternative to synthetic pesticides, natural materials such as plant extracts and microbes have been considered to control plant diseases. In this study, methanol extracts of 120 plants were explored for in vivo antifungal activity against Rhizoctonia solani, Botrytis cinerea, Phytophthora infestans, Puccinia triticina, and Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei. Of the 120 plant extracts, eight plant extracts exhibited a disease control efficacy of more than 90% against at least one of five plant diseases. In particular, a methanol extract of Curcuma zedoaria rhizomes exhibited strong activity against wheat leaf rust caused by P. triticina. When the C. zedoaria methanol extracts were partitioned with various solvents, the layers of n-hexane, methylene chloride, and ethyl acetate showed disease control values of 100, 80, and 43%, respectively, against wheat leaf rust. From the C. zedoaria rhizome extracts, an antifungal substance was isolated and identified as a sesquiterpene ketolactone based on the mass and nuclear magnetic resonance spectral data. The active compound controlled the development of rice sheath blight, wheat leaf rust, and tomato late blight. Considering the in vivo antifungal activities of the sesquiterpene ketolactone and the C. zedoaria extracts, these results suggest that C. zedoaria can be used as a potent fungicide in organic agriculture.</P>
Pach, Alfred,Tabbusam, Ghurnata,Khan, M Imran,Suhag, Zamir,Hussain, Imtiaz,Hussain, Ejaz,Mumtaz, Uzma,Haq, Inam Ul,Tahir, Rehman,Mirani, Amjad,Yousafzai, Aisha,Sahastrabuddhe, Sushant,Ochiai, R Leon,S Taylor Francis, Inc 2013 Journal of health communication Vol.18 No.3
<P>The authors conducted formative research (a) to identify stakeholders' concerns related to typhoid fever and the need for disease information and (b) to develop a communication strategy to inform stakeholders and address their concerns and motivate for support of a school-based vaccination program in Pakistan. Data were collected during interactive and semi-structured focus group discussions and interviews, followed by a qualitative analysis and multidisciplinary consultative process to identify an effective social mobilization strategy comprised of relevant media channels and messages. The authors conducted 14 focus group discussions with the parents of school-aged children and their teachers, and 13 individual interviews with school, religious, and political leaders. Parents thought that typhoid fever was a dangerous disease, but were unsure of their children's risk. They were interested in vaccination and were comfortable with a school-based vaccination if conducted under the supervision of trained and qualified staff. Teachers and leaders needed information on typhoid fever, the vaccine, procedures, and sponsors of the vaccination program. Meetings were considered the best form of information dissemination, followed by printed materials and mass media. This study shows how qualitative research findings can be translated into an effective social mobilization and communication approach. The findings of the research indicated the importance of increasing awareness of typhoid fever and the benefits of vaccination against the disease. Identification and dissemination of relevant, community-based disease and vaccination information will increase demand and use of vaccination.</P>
Park, Choon-Sang,Jung, Eun Young,Kim, Dong Ha,Kim, Hyun-Jin,Seo, Heaseok,Kim, Sung-O,Shin, Bhum Jae,Tae, Heung-Sik Taylor & Francis Inc. 2017 Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Vol.645 No.1
<P>The permanent image sticking phenomena were examined and compared for the two different barrier rib structures such as the single and double barrier ribs. To compare the permanent image sticking phenomena for both barrier rib structures, the differences in the display luminance, address discharge delay time, firing voltage, visible light profile, impulse, and SEM image of the image sticking cells during long time discharges were measured. The proposed double barrier structure showed that the variations in the surface states of the MgO layer remained almost the same between ITO and bus electrodes during long time discharges, thereby reducing the difference of the luminance and statistical address delay times. As a result, the double barrier rib structure was observed to mitigate the permanent image sticking in comparison with the single barrier rib structure in the 50 in full HD ac-PDPs with a He (35%)-Xe (11%)-Ne contents.</P>