The Origination and Utilization of Titled Professorships at Indiana University, 1890s-1970s: A Historical Study

Broderick, Cynthia F Indiana University ProQuest Dissertations & Theses 2024 해외박사(DDOD)

Titled professorships have existed within higher education since the creation of the first endowed professorship at Harvard College in 1721. Yet, only in the last one hundred years have titled professorships become a regular part of higher education nomenclature on a national scale. Neither the total number of titled professorships nor the total amount of money endowing titled professorships is tracked by any known higher education or philanthropical institution despite the proliferation of titled professorships within American higher education. Historical and philanthropic literature has not explored the impact of titled professorships on an institution or on those appointed to such titles in any comprehensive way outside of a limited number of studies exploring titled professorships within specific racial or gender identity groups or within academic disciplines like nursing, accounting, or various medical disciplines. This study offers a glimpse into the historical development and use of titled professorships within one American higher education institution, Indiana University.This historical study explores the origination and utilization of titled professorships at Indiana University (IU), a midwestern public university founded in 1820, from the establishment of its first titled professorships in 1915, through growth in the number of titled professorships and the faculty appointed to those professorships, to the establishment of criteria for consideration, nomination, and evaluation of nominees in the early 1970s. This study sets the stage by examining the evolution of the IU faculty from its earliest days, focusing on the growth of the institution in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, to the acquisition of its first endowed professorship in 1915. It explores the growth of the faculty along with the challenges university leadership faced in their efforts to increase the number and prestige of the institution's faculty. The study then presents the origination and appointment of titled professorships as one tool the university used to expand and retain its faculty. The study examines two distinct forms of titled professorships at IU-named, also known as endowed, professorships and university-established titled professorships-along with how the university cultivated and distributed these unique titles.

How Does the 15 to Finish Initiative Affect Academic Outcomes of Low-Income, First-Generation Students? Evidence from a College Promise Program in Indiana

Chan, Roy Y ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Indiana University 2020 해외박사(DDOD)

As the cost of college tuition has increased, policymakers and practitioners have begun to examine the proliferation of college promise programs (i.e., tuition-free grant programs, debt free college programs) across the United States. The purpose of this dissertation is to determine what effect a statewide 30-credit hour annual completion policy had on the academic outcomes of college promise program recipients at two 4-year public research universities, Indiana University Bloomington (IUB) and Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis (IUPUI). The study examines the implementation of and subsequent policy change to the early-commitment college promise program, Indiana Twenty-First Century Scholarship (TFCS) Program.Using administrative data from the Indiana University’s University Institutional Research and Reporting (UIRR) office, representing 7,842 low-income students who enrolled shortly before the policy was implemented, this observational study employs a quasi-experimental, difference-in-differences (DiD) approach to explore the impact of the Indiana Code Title 21 (IC-21-12-6-7) (30 credit hour annual completion policy) on students’ academic outcomes. Specifically, this dissertation examines the heterogenous treatment effects of this policy change on the academic performance (e.g., cumulative credit hours accumulated, cumulative grade point average [GPA], and degree completion status) of Indiana TFCS recipients at IUB and IUPUI, compared to non-TFCS Pell recipients from the same time period (Fall 2011 through Fall 2014 cohorts).Results suggest that the 30-credit hour annual completion policy showed a modest significant effect on cumulative credits and grades, but had no effect on degree completion status (Year 4 Graduation Status, Year 6 Graduation/Enrollment Status), at IUB (a small town, primarily residential, more selective, flagship research university). The policy had no effect on the TFCS recipients enrolled at IUPUI (an urban, primarily nonresidential, moderately selective research university). These findings demonstrate that the policy, which was related to a broader, national 15 to Finish initiative did not produce its intended effect, nor did it have any adverse consequences for low-income, first-generation students.

Development and Testing of an Evaluation of a Program Sustainability Training Curriculum

Hanauer, Matthew ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Indiana University 2022 해외박사(DDOD)

The American Evaluation Association (AEA) sets guidelines for evaluators with two key ones being competence and supporting the common good. Many program evaluators find it difficult to meet these guidelines in part because there are no known descriptive (i.e., empirically supported) frameworks for evaluating program sustainability. When program evaluators are not competent in evaluating program sustainability, they are less likely to support sustaining effective programs. When effective programs go unsustained, it negatively impacts the common good (e.g., lower levels of self-worth, lower college attendance, increased prevalence of drug use, HIV, crime, and youth tobacco smoking). This dissertation takes a first step towards filling the knowledge gap around evaluating program sustainability by developing a training curriculum in evaluating program sustainability (TCEPS). To develop the TCEPS, I conducted a three-study dissertation: (1) TCEPS Development, (2) Measure of Knowledge in Evaluating Program Sustainability (MKEPS) Development, and (3) TCEPS Testing. In Study 1, I used Chapters 1 and 2 to develop the theoretical framework, which was supported by a literature review of evidence-based practices in online training. Additionally, I conducted a targeted needs assessment which evaluated participant’s personal and environmental learning needs. Combining the targeted needs assessment results with the theoretical framework and literature review, I developed TCEPS standards, objectives, and a training agenda. Using the content from Study 1, in Study 2 MKEPS Development, I developed the items used for the MKEPS. To evaluate evidence of unidimensionality and reliability for MKEPS scores, I conducted several exploratory approaches resulting in scores with mixed evidence of unidimensionality and moderate evidence of internal consistency. Using the MKEPS developed in Study 2, I then tested the TCEPS by evaluating pre-and-post TCEPS MKEPS total scores. I found statistically significant gains in post TCEPS MKEPS total scores that were similar to previous research. Additionally, I conducted Conventional Content Analysis (CCA) illuminating ways to improve future TCEPS implementations. This study provides some of the first evidence for a TCEPS taking the first step towards using the TCEPS to support program evaluators meeting AEA guidelines. Study implications, limitations, and future directions are discussed.

The Sound Systems of Zophei Dialects and Other Maraic Languages

Lotven, Samson Alexander ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Indiana University 2021 해외박사(DDOD)

This dissertation presents in-depth description and analysis the Zophei sound system within the context of the closely-related Maraic languages. Zophei (or Zyphe, ISO 639-3 ZYP), a previously undocumented member of the Maraic branch of Kuki-Chin (or South-Central Tibeto-Burman) spoken in southern Thantlang Township, Chin State, Burma/Myanmar and by thousands of speakers in Indianapolis, Indiana. Using primary data elicited during three years of fieldwork, the sound systems of Lawngtlang, Tlawngrang, and Nuitah Zophei are investigated in detail. Special attention is paid to the segmental, syllable structure, and tonal inventories. A long history of language contact in the Maraic-speaking world has brought on radical innovations in syllable structure, vowel systems, and tone that have, as of yet, seen little linguistic analysis. Outside of the present research program, no previous linguistic work on Zophei exists. As such, this thesis endeavors to describe and analyze the sound systems of Zophei varieties. It has four major goals: (1) Description of the synchronic sound systems of two Zophei varieties, based on data from one speaker of each variety, covering the phonetics and phonology of onsets and rhymes—with particular focus on inter- and intra-speaker variation.(2) Analysis of lexical correspondences and comparative data in the elucidation of diachronic relationships between Zophei varieties, and between Zophei and other Kuki-Chin (especially Maraic) languages. This includes primary data from a third Zophei variety (Nuitah) and data from Hnaring Lutuv (Lautu).(3) To create a lexical database of Tlawngrang and Lawngtlang Zophei, the two varieties focused on herein, with paired audio recordings.(4) To present a preliminary analysis of tone in Lawngtlang Zophei.The data collected and presented in this thesis reveal evidence of phonetic onset variation, vowel shift, and robust use of tone. This study is, to the best of my knowledge, the first linguistic treatment of Zophei and the most comprehensive research available on the sound systems of Maraic languages and on tone in KC. The instruments created for this project as well as the data collected, described, and analyzed for this project lay the groundwork for continued research in Zophei, Maraic, and Kuki-Chin more broadly.

Associations Among Cigarette Smoking, Weight Status and Mortality and Morbidities Among US Adults

Mestre, Luis Miguel Indiana University ProQuest Dissertations & Theses 2023 해외박사(DDOD)

Background: In the United States (US), cigarette smoking and weight status have been considered the main public health concerns in recent years due to a higher incidence of all-cause mortality and respiratory diseases such as asthma and COPD among those with past 30 day smoking or have an underweight or obesity weight status than those who do not smoke cigarettes or have a weight status of normal weight or overweight. The health burden associated with cigarette smoking and weight status in the US adult population has not been consistent across sociodemographic factors such as sex/gender, socioeconomic status (SES), and race/ethnicity. The association among cigarette smoking, weight status and all-cause mortality; cigarette smoking, weight status and asthma; and cigarette smoking, weight status and COPD are not entirely understood, or how disparities may contribute to these associations. Each of this dissertation's three aims addresses a specific research question about the associations among cigarette smoking and weight status with all-cause mortality, asthma, and COPD as well as which factors may contribute to health disparities of these associations. The first aim sought to determine whether weight status was a mediator between cigarette smoking and all-cause mortality among adults with past 30 days smoking in the US. The second aim sought to determine whether weight status is a mediator between cigarette smoking and asthma, and cigarette smoking and COPD. The third aim sought to determine which factors were a source of health disparities in the associations among cigarette smoking and weight status with all-cause mortality, asthma, or COPD. Methods: The study population included adults in the US with past 30 day smoking, with nationally representative samples for the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). For all three aims, cigarette smoking, asthma, and COPD were self-reported, while weight status was measured on-sites and all-cause mortality was collected through death records. The first and second studies included causal mediation analyses with weight status as the mediator of the associations between cigarette smoking and all-cause mortality, cigarette smoking and asthma and cigarette smoking and COPD using the NHANES dataset from 2003-2018 and 2013-2018, respectively. For the third study Structural Equation Models (SEM) were implemented to determine which factors related to health disparities may contribute to the associations among cigarette smoking, weight status, all-cause mortality, asthma, or COPD using the NHANES 2003-2018 dataset (for all-cause mortality) and the NHANES 2013-2018 (for asthma and COPD).Results: In the mediation analysis between cigarette smoking and all-cause mortality with weight status as a mediator, the total effect (TE) for the model with only physiological factors was -1.94 (95% CI=-2.67, -0.04; p<0.001), with an average direct effect (DE) of -1.82 (95% CI=-2.51, -0.56; p<0.001) and an average indirect effect (IE) of -0.118 (95% CI= -0.19, -0.03; p =0.004). The TE for the model adjusted for physiological and sociodemographic factors was -1.54 (95% CI = -2.20, 0.01; p = 0.048), an average DE of -1.49 (95% CI = -2.18, -0.01; p = 0.048) and an average IE of -0.049 (95% CI = -0.052, 0.02; p = 0.518). For the mediation analysis between cigarette smoking and asthma and cigarette smoking and COPD having as mediator weight status, it was obtained that for asthma, the TE was 0.0009; p=0.016, with an average DE 0.0009; p=0.016 and an average IE of 0.00003; p=0.232. For COPD, the TE was 0.00166; p<0.001. The average DE was 0.00174; p<0.001; the average IE was -0.00008; p=0.46. The Prevalence Ratio (PR) of having asthma and COPD was 1.03 (95% CI=1.00, 1.06; p<0.1032) and 1.04 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.05; p<0.001), respectively. For the third aim, sex/gender was a significant factor in the associations among cigarette smoking, weight status and all-cause mortality; cigarette smoking, weight status and asthma and cigarette smoking, weight status, and COPD. Race/ethnicity was only significant in the association of cigarette smoking, weight status, and all-cause mortality, and cigarette smoking, weight status, and COPD among Hispanic Mexican and Non-Hispanic White individuals. Conclusions: Findings from this dissertation showed that weight status was not a mediator between cigarette smoking and all-cause mortality; cigarette smoking and asthma, or cigarette smoking and COPD when considering physiological and sociodemographic factors. The findings also indicated that sex/gender contribute to health disparities of these associations. Smoking cessation and harm reduction interventions to reduce the incidence of all-cause mortality, asthma, and COPD due to cigarette smoking should be tailored by sex/gender.

The Complexities of Engagement: Chinese Undergraduate Students Encountering U.S. Higher Education

Chen, Yajing ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Indiana University 2017 해외박사(DDOD)

This dissertation investigates Chinese undergraduate student engagement at U.S. universities. Over the past decade, the number of Chinese students studying in the United States has increased dramatically, but scholars have yet to concentrate on these student experiences or on the dynamics of their interaction with host institutions. Dominant media and institutional narratives often understand these students within a "problem" framework and as presenting a challenge to liberal arts values. The resulting discourse is far too simplistic. In this dissertation, what I deem misperceptions and misunderstandings arise from gaps that exist between American (mis)understandings of Chinese student academic behaviors and Chinese student (mis)understandings of American higher education expectations; between the institutional perception of Chinese student engagement and the reality of Chinese student engagement; and between Chinese international student spaces and American student spaces on campus. Based on field research that includes participatory observation and interviews with students, teachers, and university administrators, this dissertation addresses four sets of questions revolving around student goals and motivations, academic engagement, friendship networks, and student enclave formation and how we might gain a more complex picture of Chinese student experience. Findings indicate how Chinese student engagement behaviors are conditioned by multiple factors such as socio-economic background, language confidence, institutional policies, and subtle discrimination. Moreover, these students are not passive consumers of U.S. education, but active collaborators in the creation of campus cultures. Chinese students are not dis-engaged; rather, their specific forms of engagement---including within the ethnic enclave and on Chinese-based social media---are often invisible to host institutions. In order to achieve the goal of international student success and global learning, a first step for institutions is to become familiar with the expectations and lives of all students on their campuses, trying to bridge gaps between the institution and the individual.

"We Don't Live in That World": Understanding the Worldmaking Practices of Black Queer Graduate and Undergraduate Men at a Predominately White and Heterocisnormative Midwestern Research University

Blockett, Reginald A ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Indiana University 2018 해외박사(DDOD)

The categories of race, gender, and sexuality continue to be a site of analysis for social science researchers broadly (Bailey, 2013; Carbado, 1999; Collins, 1993; Crenshaw, 1989; Johnson, 2001; Munoz, 1999) and higher education scholars specifically (Blockett, in press; Means et al, 2017; Patton, 2014; Patton & Simmons, 2008; Squire & Mobley, 2015; Nicolazzo, 2016). Theorized in narrow, linear, and obtuse constructions, Black sexuality is assembled through heteropatriarchal, misogynistic, and homophobic ideologies that limit Black sexual subject formations. Black masculinities are constructed to rely on hegemonic imaginaries of machoism, dominance, and sexual conquest. Moreover, these theoretical boundaries commonly misrepresent the sociocultural politics employed by Black sexual and gender minorities as they come to know their own racial, gender, and sexual epistemologies. I expand the knowledge of Black queer men's diverse sociocultural experiences, particularly observing the labor they take on by destabilizing normative ways of thinking and being on college campuses. I employed a multi-year critical ethnography to study how seven Black queer graduate and undergraduate men in a peer-support group came to know disidentifications (Munoz, 1999) and other worldmaking making practices deployed to survive and thrive within postsecondary educational settings. I mobilized intersectionality and queer of color analysis to understand the cultural practices, performances, and processes Black queer men in college produce as they respond to a predominantly White and largely heterocisnormative Midwestern research university. Results of this study found that Black queer men labor to forge community by establishing kinship networks, reconstitute language by performing Black queer vernacular, and transgress normativity to express a liberatory radical queer politics. Implications for higher education practice, policy, and research further explore the complexities present for Black queer men in college and studies exploring worldmaking as a cultural formation.

Strategic Marketing in Intercollegiate Athletics: An Analysis of the Football Marketing Directors in the Big Ten Conference

Benedek, Jonathan J ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Indiana University 2021 해외박사(DDOD)

Intercollegiate athletics in the United States is a major segment of the sport industry, generating $10.3 billion in revenue in 2019 (“Finances,” 2019). While no college sport brings in as much revenue and attracts more media attention than football, this sport also often provides benefits to each participating university by highlighting school spirit, evoking pride in the institution, and increasing donations. Previous scholars (e.g., Simmons et al., 2017) have examined intercollegiate athletics and sport marketing, primarily by examining the consumer perspective (e.g., motivations, constraints), but not necessarily investigating the organizational or practitioner perspective of the marketing exchange. This study sought to address this gap by examining the perceptions and actions of those tasked with marketing the sport within one particular conference (i.e., the Big Ten). This study used the framework of the sport marketing management process, which was originally presented by Sutton (1987), and goal setting theory (Locke, 1968). Previous analyses of sport marketing directors have mainly focused on practitioners in other leagues, have been primarily quantitative studies, and have focused mainly on marketing techniques (e.g., Dick & Schwarz, 2020). Existing research in this area often explains the “what” aspect pertaining to sport marketers’ actions. A need exists to further examine the “why” and “how”, which was the rationale for using a qualitative methodology in this study to examine the processes used to market college football in the Big Ten. Data were collected via semi-structured interviews with the primary football sport marketer from each of the 14 Big Ten universities. Interviews were completed and transcribed for thematic analysis. Data triangulation, checking (i.e., coder reliability and member), and peer debriefing measures were taken to ensure reliability and trustworthiness of the data and subsequent analysis. The results revealed five emergent themes: marketing areas of oversight, organizational elements, perceived challenges, goal development and goals, and marketing evaluation. Each emergent theme contained additional subthemes pertaining to the approaches and perspectives of the marketing directors. These findings helped provide key contextual information behind the marketing process and may provide the impetus for scholars to further examine college football marketing. In addition to contributing to the body of knowledge by using qualitative inquiry to examine the sport marketing process, the study provides insights for practitioners pertaining to their peers’ processes and perspectives and allow for them to comparatively assess their work.

Sagely Presence: Appearance and Morality in Early Confucian Thought

Hsu, Nai-Yi ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Indiana University 2022 해외박사(DDOD)

This study explores the relation between people’s moral character and their appearance from various Confucian perspectives. When we think about the question, “what it means to be a good person,” we rarely take into consideration the external aspects of a person. Instead, we think about their action, their motivation, their feelings, or the moral principles they follow. Early Confucians, however, believe that having a refined appearance is a necessary condition for being a virtuous person. This dissertation, “Sagely Presence: Appearance and Morality in Early Confucian Thought,” is an attempt to understand the moral significance that early Confucians see in people’s appearance, including their clothing, facial expressions, bodily comportment, and styles of speaking. There are six chapters in this dissertation. Chapter one, “Ethics of Appearance,” sets the foundation for later chapters by demonstrating early Confucians’ unusual interest in the exemplary person’s appearance and by offering an explanatory framework. Chapter two, “Dressing as a Sage,” examines the reasons early Confucians offer to support the belief that clothing is formative of its wearer’s character. Chapter three, “The Ritualized Body,” argues that that a ritualized body helps a moral agent to perform their socio-political roles, allows them to express virtues such as respect and care in human interaction, and grants them an aesthetically appealing presence that enhance their moral attraction. Chapter four, “Bodily Experiences and Self-Cultivation,” argues that people’s experiences with their own body are considered morally formative in early Confucian thought. Chapter five, “The Taciturn Exemplar,” discusses the relation between silence, speech, and self-cultivation in early Confucian thought, arguing that taciturnity is considered beneficial for self-cultivation because it allows people to personalize the moral knowledge they received. Chapter six, “Speaking as the Exemplary Person,” discusses the characteristics of the ideal speaker envisioned by early Confucians and argues that becoming such a speaker involves efforts of self-cultivation. Finally, the conclusion addresses several potential objections to early Confucians’ emphasis on the moral significance of people’s appearance and discusses how the findings of this study may contribute to the virtue ethics approach to early Confucian thought.

Case-Based Instruction in Entrepreneurship Education: An Instructor’s Perspective on Implementation and Gender Diversity

Batchelder, Susan ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Indiana University 2022 해외박사(DDOD)

The purpose of this study was to provide a multi-faceted account of how instructors implement case-based instruction in entrepreneurship education, including how they address disciplinary content, competencies, and diversity elements when planning and delivering case-based instruction. To date, much of the research in entrepreneurship education has focused on the student’s perspective, and the educator’s perspective has been neglected. This study answers the call for more substantive research focused on issues related to entrepreneurship education and pedagogy, including in-depth exploration of both content and teaching methods. Additionally. this study strengthens the connections between entrepreneurship education and the field of education by documenting instructional practices in detail from the perspective of instructional systems technology. The findings of this study provide an in-depth account of how case-based instruction was implemented by entrepreneurship instructors in a large Midwestern university. The cases exposed students primarily to the cognitive and behavioral aspects of the entrepreneurial mindset. In regard to competencies, all instructors used cases to help students practice making decisions in conditions of uncertainty by putting themselves in the place of the founders and analyzing their decisions based on each unique case situation. Their decisions involved opportunity recognition, opportunity assessment, risk management, resource leveraging and value creation. The instructors faced challenges in case teaching related to student preparation and engagement, case selection, assessment and facilitation management. Additionally, the findings describe the role gender diversity played in case-based instruction in entrepreneurship education. The majority of the case authors in this study were men. Moreover, the descriptions of the entrepreneurs and their venture behaviors in the cases were gendered, which might have resulted in unintended discriminatory gender lessons. While none of the women were portrayed in a specifically negative light, underlying assumptions about gender roles infused the cases. While the instructors considered gender diversity in case selection, they did not necessarily consider gender stereotypes, which is problematic because gender stereotypes are cognitive schemas that influence the ways in which individuals make sense of their social world and may discourage some women’s aspirations to become business owners.