논문 : 해운물류산업 안전 성과 결정요인 분석

조혁수 ( Hyuk Soo Cho ),김장훈 ( Jang Hoon Kim ) 한국해운물류학회(구 한국해운학회) 2015 해운물류연구 Vol.31 No.4

해운물류산업은 개별국가의 경제성장에 중요한 기반이 되고 있다. 다양한 분야에서 논의되고 있는 ``안전(safety)`` 이슈는 해운물류산업에서도 중요한 주제이다. 이러한 중요성에도 불구하고 해운물류산업 안전과 관련한 체계적인 선행 연구가 진행되지 않았다. 본 연구는 안전 성과가 컨테이너항을 포함한 해운물류산업 경쟁력에 미치는 영향에 대해 실증적으로 분석하고 있다. 구체적으로 해운물류산업 관련 다양한 유형 혹은 무형 자원과 안전 성과와의 관계를 국가 수준의 자료를 활용해 분석하고 있다. 선행연구 및 실증분석 결과 개별국가의 인프라 수준과 정보통신기술 역량이 해운물류산업 관련 안전 성과에 긍정적인 영향을 미치고 있으며, 해운물류산업 네트워크의 중요성도 도출할 수 있었다. 하지만 해운물류산업 효율성과 안전 성과와의 상관관계는 추가적인 연구가 필요한 것으로 파악되었다. 또한 향후 국가 수준이 아닌 관련 업계 참여자 대상 설문조사(survey)를 병행하는 것이 본 연구의 한계점을 보완할 수 있는 합리적인 연구 과제로 판단되고 있다. Globalization has played an important role in the maritime industry. A growing competition in marine transportation and seaports has been leaded by the increasing globalization. In particular, globalization of markets or production has led to a rapid increase in vessel movements in many seaports. Many conglomerates are trying to extend enterprises far beyond their home countries via global Supply Chain Management (SCM). It is important for them to compete and survive in the global marketplace. However, on the other hand, the activity to overcome the severe competition may put marine transportation and seaports at risk. The maritime industry has witnessed several accidents worldwide. These disasters have raised the awareness of both researchers and policy makers about the importance of risk assessment and safety in marine transportation and seaport operation. There have been various accidents in marine transportation such as ship collisions, oil spills, ship sinks, etc. In Korea, the sinking of a domestic cruise (the MV Sewol) occurred in 2014. This disaster has raised the awareness of both researchers and policy makers about risk assessment and safety in marine transportation and seaport operation. ``Safety`` has been a key issue in many areas including the maritime industry. According to previous studies, there are two different approaches to analyze maritime risk, although there is a considerable overlap (and often confusion) between them. Maritime risk is associated with marine transportation and seaport operation. According to previous studies, safety performance can be an important factor determining competitiveness of the maritime industry. Nevertheless, there are limited studies emphasizing it. Historic safety performance of vessels sailing under particular flags and passenger ferry safety were the core subjects in the previous studies. Some of them assessed the safety of individual vessels or marine structures. Additionally, probabilistic risk assessment in the maritime domain has been discussed. However, there has been little research about risk management in the maritime industry across countries. This study is thus designed to undertake maritime risk and performance in seaport operation with a cross-country empirical analysis. This study aims to investigate the influence of safety performance to the competitiveness of maritime industry. Various tangible and intangible resources regarding the safety performance and competitiveness are empirically examined with secondary data. This study uses several databases regarding safety performance, infrastructure, ICT capability, efficiency, and network of maritime industry, which contain country-level data. Based on them, this study found that maritime infrastructure and ICT capability can play an important role to improve safety performance of individual countries. This study tested hypotheses with country-level data. We suggest to combine country-level and firm-level data for future research. It can be an alternative to overcome some limitations of this study.

BSC, DEA와 Malmquist 생산성 지수를 활용한 우리나라 해운선사의 벤치마킹 관리에 관한 연구

구종순 ( Jong Soon Koo ) 한국해운물류학회(구 한국해운학회) 2014 해운물류연구 Vol.30 No.3

본 연구는 우리나라 해운선사를 대상으로 DEA Malmquist 생산성 지수와 BSC를 결합하여 BSC관점에서 3단계 효율성을 평가하고, 연도별 생산성 변화를 분석하였다. 우리나라 23개 해운선사를 대상으로 최근 5년(2009년~2013년)간 자료를 기초로 실증 분석한 결과, 1단계 학습 및 성장-내부프로세스 생산성은 벌크선, 컨테이너선 및 탱커선 해운선사에서 각각 매년 13.7%, 8.0%, 10.7% 하락한 것으로 나타났다. 2단계 내부프로세스-고객 생산성은 벌크선과 컨테이너선 해운선사에서 각각 매년 3.1%, 3.4% 상승한 것으로 나타난 반면, 탱커선 해운선사에서는 매년 0.4% 하락한 것으로 나타났다. 3단계 고객-재무 생산성은 벌크선 해운선사에서 매년 15.7% 하락한 것으로 나타난 반면, 컨테이너선과 탱커선 해운선사에서는 각각 매년 5.9%, 4.7% 상승한 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 이러한 결과를 기초로 해운선사에게 벤치마킹관리를 통한 생산성 향상을 위한 시사점을 제공한다. This study employs data envelopment analysis (DEA) to examine the productivity-Malmquist productivity index- changes of 23 shipping companies in Korea for the period 2009-2013 using their Balanced Scorecard (BSC). A 3-step efficiency analysis model was suggested based on the framework of BSC: learning and growth-internal process, internal process-customer, and customer-finance. In the first step, the study calculated the productivity changes by using internal process prospective as output variable and learning and growth prospective as input variable, in which the productivity of bulk, container and tanker ship companies has decreased 13.7%, 8.0% and 10.7% annually, respectively. The results of the second step analysis that puts customer prospective as output variable and internal processes prospective as input variable to calculate the productivity show that the productivity of bulk and container ship companies has increased 3.1% and 3.4% annually, respectively, and that the productivity of tanker ship companies has decreased 0.4% annually. The third step analysis results, focused calculation based on financial prospective (output variable) and customer prospective (input variable), show that the productivity of container and tanker ship companies has increased 5.9% and 4.7% annually, respectively and that the productivity of bulk ship companies has decreased 15.7% annually. The study proposes managerial implications for benchmarking strategies of shipping companies to enhance their productivity.

항만물류산업의 지역경제 파급효과 분석 -부산, 인천, 울산을 대상으로-

이민규 ( Min Kyu Lee ),이기열 ( Ki Youl Lee ) 한국해운물류학회(구 한국해운학회) 2016 해운물류연구 Vol.32 No.2

항만물류산업은 수출입 화물의 운송 및 물류활동을 통한 부가가치의 창출 등 항만도시의 지역경제를 구성하는 근간이 되고 있다. 최근의 항만정책은 항만지역산업의 변화를 반영한 항만별 특화 전략을 수립하는 방향으로 추진 중이다. 이러한 배경 하에 본 연구는 2013년 기준 지역산업연관표를 적용하여 주요 지역별 항만물류산업의 경제적 파급효과를 분석하였다. 즉, 생산유발효과, 부가가치유발효과, 취업유발효과뿐만 아니라 부가가치 순이입 측면에서 경제적 파급효과를 정량화하였다. 분석 결과, 울산 항만물류산업의 생산유발효과가 타 지역 항만물류산업과 비교해서 가장 높지만, 타지역 생산유발률이 34.7%에 이르는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 부산과 인천의 경우 항만물류산업이 부가가치 이입 효과가 높은 산업으로 평가되었다. 분석 결과는 지역별 항만물류 클러스터를 구축하고 항만물류산업의 지역 경제적 중요성을 제시하는 데 활용 가능하다. 본 연구는 항만물류분야에 부가가치 순이입 분석을 최초로 도입함으로써 항만물류 연구의 범위를 넓히는 계기가 될 것으로 기대된다. Generally, ports represent a significant national infrastructure to ensure speedy and seamless transportation of import and export cargoes. For instance, 99.7% of the volume of import and export cargoes in Korea has been handled by maritime transportation. The port logistics industry plays a significant role in the regional economic development of Korea by generating added value and employment. As of late, the Korean Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries formulates the port policy for developing specialized ports in harmony with the change of regional industries. Especially, the port logistics industry should be developed with regard to the relationship with regional linked industries. Such situation drives the need for an analysis of the regional economic impacts of the port logistics industry. Thus, this study attempts to explore the regional economic impacts of the port logistics industry using regional input-output (I-O) analysis focused on Busan, Incheon, and Ulsan. We use the original benchmark 2013 regional I-O tables obtained from the Bank of Korea. For port logistics-based analysis, original tables are aggregated into 4-region and 31-sector tables. Specifically, production, value-added, and employment inducing effects, as well as net trade in value-added are intimately presented. The analysis results reveal that the production inducing effects of the regional port logistics industry range from 1.7730 to 1.9783. Given that 65% of induced effects of logistics industry in Ulsan are generated from industries in this location, the industry is likely to be very dependent on industries in other regions. "Port logistics," "petroleum and coal products," "business support services," "electricity, gas, and steam supply," and "wholesale and retail trade" rank high in the sectoral inducing effects of port logistics. With regard to net trade in value-added, port logistics industries in Busan and Incheon generated positive values respectively, but the industry in Ulsan showed the opposite sign. It should be noted that net trade in value-added allows researchers to capture added values transferred during the production process contrary to value-added inducing effects. Analysis results will offer valuable information on the regional economic importance of port logistics industry for building the master development plan on nationwide ports. Especially, net trade in value-added will serve as a new indicator for describing the industrial status of the regional port logistics industry. In addition, this study can be applied to the design of efficient strategies for constructing the regional port logistics clusters. The sectoral linkages in a regional economy can provide the framework for identifying leading industries in the regional economy and for grouping the industries into spatial clusters. In light of academic research, introducing net trade in value-added using I-O analysis to the port logistics field for the first time will significantly contribute to expanding the range of the port logistics research. We expect this study to motivate future research with respect to the economic impacts of port logistics industry.

우리나라 해운 조세제도의 개선방안 연구

안영균 ( Ahn Young-gyun ),이민규 ( Lee Min-kyu ) 한국해운물류학회(구 한국해운학회) 2020 해운물류연구 Vol.36 No.2

빠르게 변화하는 세계 정치·경제 정세나 해운의 신규 환경규제 등 내외항을 불문하고 해운업계는 큰 기로에 접어들고 있다. 우리나라 해운·해사 행정의 방향성 수립을 위한 최신 화두 중 하나는 세계 경제·사회가 다양한 형태로 변화하고 있는 가운데 이러한 변화를 배경으로 국제경쟁력을 어떻게 유지·강화해 나갈 것인가 하는 문제의식이다. 불투명한 경제 정세나 급격한 기술 혁신에 맞닿은 한국 해운이 어떻게 성장할지를 진지하게 생각하지 않으면 안 되는 상황이다. 한편 우리나라 해운업계는 그동안 선박 특별상각 제도 확대, 선박 대체취득특례, 외국자회사합산세제, 중소선사 투자 촉진 세제 제도 등을 요구해 왔으며, 해운 조세제도 개선은 우리나라 해운의 지속적 발전에 도움이 될 수 있다고 얘기하고 있다. 경쟁이 심화되고 있는 세계 해운에서 유럽, 일본 등 주요국은 해운사업자의 국제경쟁력 강화를 위해 다양한 세제상의 조치를 강구해 오고 있는데, 조세제도 개선은 한국 해운의 경쟁력 제고를 위한 효과적 대응책의 하나가 될 수 있다고 판단된다. 본 연구는 금융정책과 비견되는 해운재건에 기여할 수 있는 해운 세제 정책을 제시하고자 한다. 이를 통해 해운이 국가경제에 기여하고 또한 다음 세대에 밝은 미래를 제공할 수 있는 산업이 될 수 있도록 바람직한 방향성을 수립할 것으로 기대한다. The purpose of this study is to analyze the tax system being taken by internationally competitive countries in shipping industry and present concrete tax policy for Korean shipping industry. Major countries such as Europe and Japan have been seeking various tax support measures, including the ship speed depreciation system, the ship replacement special case system and the foreign subsidiary combined tax system, and so on in order to strengthen the international competitiveness of their shipping businesses. This study attempts to analyze tax support system in those countries which have well developed shipping industry. This study suggests the increase in the depreciation rate of ships, the introduction of special policies for ship replacement, the special tax system on foreign maritime subsidiaries, the adjustment of the tax rates for other registered and fixed asset taxes, and so on. This research suggests concrete measures to improve Korean shipping industry tax system. The government's tax policy can be carried out as major means of shipping industry policy for competitiveness of shipping industry.

제주도 물류체계 개선을 위한 지원제도에 관한 연구

이충효 ( Choong Hyo Lee ),안우철 ( Woo Chul Ahn ) 한국해운물류학회(구 한국해운학회) 2015 해운물류연구 Vol.31 No.2

본 연구에서는 2014년 4월 인천-제주간을 운항하던 화객선 사고 이후 더욱 악화된 제주-내륙간 물류체계 현황을 파악하여 연근해 운송 활성화 지원을 통해 물류비 및 탄소 발생 저감을 기본방향으로 하고 있는 경인항의 발전 전략을 도출하고자 하였다. 연구방법으로서 제주도 소재의 제조, 도소매 및 물류기업을 대상으로 제주도 반출입 물류현황 및 애로사항 등의 일반현황과 제주-내륙간 물류비 절감을 위한 지원제도의 중요도 우선순위를 조사하고 DEA CK 모형을 활용하여 분석하였다. 제주-내룩간 물류비용 절감, 즉 연안해운 활성화 지원제도에 있어 물류서비스 공급자와 이용자간에 중요도 우선순위에 있어 인식의 차이가 발생한 항목들을 분석하였다. 제주도내 제조 및 도소매 업체는 선박현대화 지원제도 확대 항목에 대해 1순위(내항화물선면세유 공급 5순위)로 도출된 반면, 선사 및 운송업체 등 물류기업은 해당 지원제도에 대한 제약으로 실직적인 혜택의 체감이 낮아 가장 낮은 6순위(내항화물선 면세유공급 1순위)를 보였다. The Gyeong-In Ara Waterway is the first canal in the Korea. The construction began in 2009 and was completed in 2011. The waterway commenced operations in 2012. K-water, which is the Korea water resources corporation in Korea, carried out the project. There are three important functions such as flood prevention, freight transport and a recreational waterfront. The waterway was constructed with a length of 18km, a mean width of 80m and the water depth of 6.3m. There are two ports. Both are located at the end of the waterway. One side is the West Sea and the other side is the Seoul (the capital of South Korea). Each port is composed of a wharf and a port logistics complex. Despite Korean government``s effort to shift the transport mode from road to coastal shipping including modal shift subsidy scheme, its effect has not been demonstrated yet. This study aims to present the development strategy of Gyeongin Port with reducing of logistics costs and carbon emissions taken as the basic direction by the support to vitalize short sea shipping, by understanding the present of logistics system between Jeju Island and the mainland, which has been aggravated since the marine accident of the car ferry that carried passengers between Incheon and Jeju in April 2014. This study analyzed the present status and issues of import-export cargo throughput and the priority for the support system designed to reduce logistics cost between Jeju Island and the mainland, and conducted in-depth analysis using the DEA CK model the focusing manufacturers, wholesalers, retailers and logistics firms (including shipping company) in Jeju island. As a result of this study, we have revealed that significant differences in awareness of the order of priority in support system to cut logistics costs between Jeju Island and the mainland, or to vitalize coastal shipping were found in extended support to modernize ships and to supply tax-free oil for coastal shipping company. While manufacturing and retail/wholesale companies in Jeju-do island were ranked 1st (5th in supplying tax-free oil to inbound cargo ship) in the category of expanded support for vessel modernization program, logistics companies such as vessel carrier and transportation companies, due to restriction on the support program, received low benefits in real, thus being ranked 6th, the lowest rank (1st in supplying tax-free oil to inbound cargo ship). In conclusion, in order to enhance distribution system in Jeju-do Island, it is necessary to aggressively expand programs to stimulate coastal shipping. Also, problems in distribution system from Jejudo-island and Seoul metropolitan area should be solved using growth strategy linked to Gyeongin port. The main limitations of this study include that countermeasure in substantial industry that utilized these findings could be weakened. Because, government policies such as financial support or tax-free for coastal shipping company have been reduced recently by welfare funding, but the application of the government support for activating the coastal shipping and improvement logistics system in Island are needed aggressive efforts by government.

시뮬레이션을 이용한 다층형 연속식 수직 컨베이어 효과 분석

최세경 ( Se Kyung Choi ),손병석 ( Byung Suk Son ),한지영 ( Ji Young Han ) 한국해운물류학회(구 한국해운학회) 2013 해운물류연구 Vol.29 No.2

물류센터 인프라는 다층화, 대용량화 되고 있으며, 고효율 시설로의 변화가 요구되고 있다. 고효율 물류센터는 고효율 물류설비 및 장비의 조화가 수반되어야 한다. 특히 물류센터 내 수직운반기기는 다층형 물류센터의 운영모델과 사용자의 물류활동 분석을 통하여, 유연하고 다양한 물류활동이 가능하도록 활용성을 고려하여 개발 되어야 한다. 본 논문은 국내 다층형 물류센터에서 사용되고 있는 수직운반기기들의 현황을 파악하고, 현재보다 효율성을 높일 수 있는 있는 최근 개발품인 다층형 연속식 수직 컨베이어 적용 효과를 제시했다. 효과분석에 RaLC라는 물류 시뮬레이션 소프트웨어를 이용한다. 효과분석 결과 다층형 연속식 수직 컨베이어는 화물엘리베이터보다 연속적으로 화물을 처리할 수 있어 시간당 처리량이 41파렛트 많았고, 작업자의 대기시간이 짧아 작업시간을 100% 활용하고 있는 것으로 분석되었다. The infrastructure of logistics center tends to be more multi-level and mass storage, and the change for high efficient facilities is strongly required. High efficient logistics center need to have high efficient facilities and equipments optimized. In special, Vertical Conveyor in logistics center need to be built considering practical use in order to enable various logistic activities via operational model of multi level logistic center and analysis of logistic activities. This paper analyze status of Vertical Conveyor used in domestic multi level logistics center and shows using effects of Vertical Conveyor. Logistics simulation software called RaLC was used for analysis of using effect. A result of RaLC simulation analysis informs of a vertical conveyor`s benefits for multi-level continuous movement which solve original vertical movement equipments had problems. A Comparison analyzing result, throughput per hour of a vertical conveyor for multi-level continuous movement is more about 41 pallets than a freight elevator and work time utilization of it increases to 100% through shorter worker`s waiting time.

제주 감귤의 물류체계 개선에 관한 연구

박용안 ( Yong An Park ),최기영 ( Ki Young Choi ) 한국해운물류학회(구 한국해운학회) 2011 해운물류연구 Vol.27 No.4

제주 감귤은 연간 약 70만 톤이 생산되며, 제주도내에서 소비되고 가공되는 물동량을 제외한 약 50만 톤이 컨테이너에 적입되어 국내 복합운송에 의해 육지로 운송되고 있다. 1980년대부터 정착된 제주/육지간 컨테이너 물류체계는 관련 운송업체들에 의해 자발적으로 도입되어, 상당한 물류비를 절감하고 물류상의 애로와 문제점을 개선하는 한편, 관련 물류활동의 혁신과 개선을 초래하여 왔다. 이 논문은 제주 감귤의 국내 복합운송 체계를 살펴보고 도매시장 거래량의 결정요인을 고찰한 후, 물류 체계의 개선방안으로 선과장의 통합과 대형화, 국내 컨테이너용 CFS운영, 유통과 물류의 분리에 의한 물류전문화, 비표준 컨테이너의 표준화 등을 제안하고 있다. The volume of the Jeju Tangerine production amounts to 700 thousand tonnes per year and about 500 thousand tonnes are moved to the mainland of Korean peninsula through the domestic intermodal system in 2009. The domestic intermodal system introduced in the 1980s has promoted the improvement and innovation in the related transport activities such as shipping, port activity, trucking, and lowered the logistics costs of the Jeju Tangerine. After exploring the logistics system and the factors which effect on the trade volume of the Jeju Tangerine in the wholesale markets, this paper underlines the integration and enlargement of selection plants in Jeju, the operation of container freight station, the decision separation between distribution and logistics activities, the specialization of logistics service, and the standardization of various domestic containers as improvements of the existing logistics system.

논문 : 효율적 물류관리인력 양성을 위한 직무능력의 상대적 중요도 분석

김광용 ( Kwang Yong Kim ),안우철 ( Woo Chul Ahn ),선일석 ( Il Suck Sun ) 한국해운물류학회(구 한국해운학회) 2015 해운물류연구 Vol.31 No.1

최근 산업 환경의 변화에 따라 현장 직무능력을 갖춘 실무형 인력의 양성이 필요하게 되었으나, 인력양성의 주축이 되는 직업교육기관에서는 현장 직무능력을 갖춘인재의 배출이 미흡하였다. 이에 산업계에서 요구하는 수요를 반영한 직무를 정립하여 교육기관에서 활용할 필요가 있으며, 특히 물류분야는 실무 중심의 직무 정립에 대한 필요성이 높은 분야라 할 수 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 효율적 물류인력의 양성을 위하여 물류분야의 직무능력을 도출하고 산업계가 필요로 하는 직무에 대한 상대적 중요도를 파악하였다. 이를 위해 AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process)기법을 활용하였으며, 분석결과 가장 중요하게 인식하고 있는 요인은 물류컨설팅 능력과 물류인력관리 및 활용능력이었으며, 다음으로는 물류현장개선, 3PL 영업전략 기획 및 영업개발, 사업전략 수립능력, 물류환경 및 여건 조사, 물류센터 운영 및 관리 등의 순서로 분석되었다. 이러한 연구는 향후 물류인력을 양성하는데 중요한 시사점을 제공할수 있을 것이며, 양성된 물류인력들이 실무형 인재로 거듭날 수 있는 교육여건을 만드는데 일조할 수 있으리라 생각한다. Recently, according to change industrial environment, logistics industry requires the training of personnel with practical field skills, but vocational education and training institutions in which produced highly-trained professionals equipped with a deep knowledge of their studies and with professional abilities valued at workplaces were insufficient. Therefore, vocational education and training institution have to need to be utilized in establishment a task to apply the demands required in logistics industry. Particularly, the logistics sector is the necessary for the establishment of task focused on practical field skills. The aim of this study was to derive factor of the practical skills of logistics for the training of personnel and analyze the relative importance of the task required by the industry using the AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process) method for this purpose. The results of this study shows the most important factors that recognize logistics consulting and management and application ability of logistics human resource, the following improving the logistics field, business strategic planning and business development of 3PL(Third Party Logistics), Set up the business strategy skills, Analysis of logistics environment and the economic conditions and the following operations and management of logistics center. This study will be able to provide a significant positive implications for developing professional logistics personnel. Also we assume this study can provide important implications for NCS(Nationial Competency Standard) which is developed newly. However, this study for using factors of job competence is incomplete with represent all task related to the logistics sector.

한진해운 사태에 대한 국내 매스컴 빅데이터 분석

정길수 ( Jung Kil-su ),박성훈 ( Park Sung-hun ),여기태 ( Yeo Gi-tae ) 한국해운물류학회(구 한국해운학회) 2020 해운물류연구 Vol.36 No.1

본 연구에서는 한진해운이 회생절차를 신청한 2016년 및 직전/직후년도(2015년/2017년)의 국내 언론매체에서 보도한 키워드를 분석함으로서 한진해운 사태가 미친 사회적 영향을 분석하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 연구의 방법은 빅데이터 쇼설마이닝 분석을 사용하였다. 매체별 추이분석 결과, 2016년 4월 자율협약 신청 시 높아진 매체관심도는 8월 한진해운의 법정관리 신청이 이루어지면서 최고조에 이르렀다. 특히 2017년 2월 17일 한진해운 파산선고 관련 소셜 매체 노출빈도 높았다. 긍부정 감성 추이분석 결과, 2015년 한진해운에 대한 "긍정 감성어"(32.6%)가 "부정 감성어 "(28.4)% 보다 높았다. 하지만 파산이 확정된 2017년도에는 향후 한국해운 및 물류에 대하여 "어려움 겪다(1위)"라는 키워드가 지배적이며, 특히 위기, 손실, 몰락, 분노 등의 격한 감정을 표현하는 감성어가 자주 노출되었다. 연관어 분석결과, 2017년의 경우 연관어 1위는 "파산(10,051)"이며, 다음으로 "경제(2위)", "한국(3위)", "기업(4위)", "정부(5위)"의 연관 키워드가 상위를 차지하였다. The purpose of this study was to analyze the key words of the reported contents by Korean media in 2016, when Hanjin Shipping applied for rehabilitation procedures, and the preceding year (2015) and the following year (2017), to determine the social effects of the case. An analysis of social mining of big data was used in this study. According to the results of a trend analysis by media, the media attention increased when a voluntary arrangement was applied in April 2016 and reached a crescendo when Hanjin Shipping filed for court receivership in August. On February 17, 2017, in particular, the declaration of bankruptcy of Hanjin Shipping was exposed in social media with high frequency. The results of sentiment analysis of positive and negative trends showed that “positive sentiment words” (32.6%) were higher than “negative sentiment words” (28.4%) on Hanjin Shipping in 2015. However, in 2017 when its bankruptcy was declared, the dominant key word was “having difficulty” (ranked No.1) for Korean shipping and distribution in the future, and sentiment words expressing strong feelings were frequently exposed, such as crisis, loss, collapse, and anger. An analysis of association key words refers to a technique in which association key words from various categories with related relationships are extracted and expressed in a map form. When “Hanjin Shipping” was used as a search word, the results of the analysis showed that the No. 1 association key word was "bankruptcy” (10,051), followed by “economics,” "Korea," "company,” and "government,” in order.

중국 해운기업을 대상으로 한 DEA-AR/AHP 모형의 타당성 분석

구종순 ( Jong Soon Koo ),가이어동 ( Yu Tong Gai ) 한국해운물류학회(구 한국해운학회) 2016 해운물류연구 Vol.32 No.2

2008년 글로벌 금융위기 이후 전세계 해상 물동량 감소 및 해운산업의 침체는 해운기업 간의 치열한 경쟁을 야기하고 있으며 또한 해운기업들 간의 전략적 제휴의 확대를 가져왔다. 전략적 제휴를 통해 규모의 경제를 달성한 거대 해운동맹들과의 경쟁에서 살아남기 위한 경쟁력 제고를 위해 중국 해운기업들의 효율성을 진단하고, 본 연구의 결과인 해운기업 간 효율성 측정치의 우선순위결정은 중국 정부의 해운기업 육성정책 또는 해운기업의 운영평가의 순위를 결정하는데 있어서 객관적이고 합리적인 평가기준을 제시하는 기초자료로 사용될 것이다. 이에 본 연구는 중국 해운기업들을 대상으로 DEA-AR/AHP 분석방법을 사용하여 상대적 효율성을 평가하고 DEA-AR/AHP 결합모형이 기존의 DEA모형에 비해 효과적인 방법임을 제시한다. The study attempts to analyze the efficiency of Chinese shipping companies using DEA-AR/AHP and to verify that this methodology is the most effective to analyze the efficiency of shipping companies compared to DEA(Data Envelopment Analysis), which is used for efficiency analysis in general. DEA has two models: CCR (Charnes, Cooper, and Rhodes, 1978) and BCC (Banker, Charnes, and Cooper, 1984). This study compares the results both between CCR and CCR DEA-AR and between BCC and BCC DEA-AR. According to the empirical analysis, DEA-AR/AHP is very effective to analyze the efficiency compared to previous DEA methodology because it is possible to show the order of priority among shipping companies. Some results of the empirical analysis and the implication are as follows. First, the study verified the order of priority of 13 Chinese shipping companies through DEA-AR analysis. According to CCR-AR, only one company was effective throughout entire period (2009-2014) of analysis and other companies were not effective at all. Additionally, the difference in effectiveness between effective and ineffective shipping companies is too big. The results of BCC-AR also show that the effective number of shipping companies are 3, 3, 2, 2, 3, and 2 in 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, and 2014 respectively. The number of effective shipping companies based on CCR-AR is smaller than the number of effective shipping companies based on BCC-AR, considering variable RTS (returns to scale). Second, according to the empirical results between DEA and DEA-AR/AHP, the number of effective shipping companies under BCC-AR is reduced twice or three times as much as it is in BCC. In the same way, the number of effective shipping companies in CCR-AR is reduced three or four times as much as it is in CCR. Based on this result, DEA-AR/AHP is more effective than previous DEA for the effective analysis of shipping companies. Moreover, according to empirical analysis, some Chinese shipping companies still maintain high efficiency under what has become a challenging environment. The contribution of this study has been to provide objective evidence of Chinese shipping companies` competitiveness to policy-makers and thus encourage them to consider practical ways for the sustainable development of shipping companies. Moreover, the academic research in relation to Chinese shipping companies using DEA-AR/AHP methodology is still insufficient. It is absolutely necessary that academic research analyzes the situation and environment of shipping companies, and suggests strategies and policy to increase shipping companies` competitiveness. This study has some limitations with regard to the empirical analysis. This study uses general data and financial data to analyze efficiency due to the absence of data. However, it is better to consider other data such as capacity of operation, satisfaction, policies by shipping institutes or authority in order to verify the efficiency of shipping companies. Moreover, this study conducted the empirical analysis with smaller samples even though DEA analysis requires large DMUs for relative efficiency analysis; it also did not consider Chinese small-sized shipping companies. Therefore, in the future, we will attempt to conduct research related to the efficiency of small-sized shipping companies.