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정동찬,유창영,홍현선,윤용현,신영순 한국전통과학기술학회 1995 한국전통과학기술학회지 Vol.2 No.1
The use of metal had accelerated civilizations in mankind and affected to the formation of ancient nations. The ancient Korean social system was also changed by begining of iron usage in Korea(3-4century B.C.). In ancient Korea agriculture tool making technique of a blacksmith was very important because agriculture was a main industry. Tools, such as a sickle, fork, hoe and knife have been mainly with a blacksmith from oldtimes. The propose of this study is to prove ancestors scientification and rationality through their making technique and furnish informations for the development of updated technology. The results are as followed. The property of tool is altered by tool-making history such as cross-sectional reduction, heat treatment temperature and time. In case of a sickle, upper bainite is precipitated in the back part of traditional sickle, lower bainite is in the center and martensite is in the edge. These structures are applied to modern industry as bearing, automobile plate, structural application etc., Martensite is the strongest structure in steel but very brittleness. Bainite is slightly weaker than martensite but the more strong against impact. Therefore, if you hit a tree branch with Korean traditional sickle and Japanese sickle, you will find that the edge of Korean traditional sickle is not broken and on the other hand that of Japanese is easily broken. This phenomena is caused by absorption of impact in center and back parts. The structure of other tools is bainite, too.
고부자 한국전통과학기술학회 1996 한국전통과학기술학회지 Vol.3 No.1
The traditional woven fabrics of Cheju Island include Sam-Bae (hemp cloth), Myong-Joo(silk), Mo-Shee(ramie cloth) and Moo-Myon(cotton cloth). At the present time, the production of these fabries has discontinued. Only the weaving looms and fibrous materials remain, and are displayed at museums. Documentation of Cheju Island's traditional woven fabrics is extremely insufficient. Historical materials are also scarce. The most important existing actual samples of the cloths were made since 1950. That researchers collected imformation on the cloths from the experiences of older people still living there, who learned about it by word of mouth from generation to generation. This approach of using the characteristics of folklore made up for the lack of available literature and materials. The ealliest records of the fabrics of Cheju are from the Cho-sun period they are found mainly in the $quot;Cho-sun Kings Ruling Chronicles$quot;, or the $quot;Written Records of Paddy Fields$quot; and the ancient writings existing on the island. However, these resources contain simply the names of fabrics and the difficulties of each one's production. The types of fabrics mentioned in these recordings are Mo-Shee, Sam-Bae, Myoung-Joo and Moo-Myong. The most frequently mentioned fabric in the ancient writings is Moo-Myong. Among the traditional woven fabrics. Moo-Myong and Myong-Joo were produced until recently. Moo-Myong was first produced in the early 1600s, along with Myong-Joo and ccntinued to be produced until 1970. Sam-Fae and Mo-Shee production has been declining since the early 1900s. The production of Mo-Shee required a complex manufacturing process and the required labor made it difficult to produce. Like Mo-Shee, Sam-Bae material suited for the summer, lost its value because of 'Gahl clothes', the clothes made to be plain work clothes. They became the most popular clothing worm by people in Cheju. 'Gahl clothes' are made of Moo-Myong, the popular fabric used to make summer clothes because of its coolness. The clothes were made and then dyed with persimmon juice to have a red brick color, and wet with water for 10 days, while being dried by the sun. This was known to have a hygienic effect. The reason for the popularity of Myong-Joo and Moo-Myong was because of its use at weddings and funerals, while being relatively easy to produce. The main reasons for the decline of traditional woven fabrics include weak demand due to mass production of cotton and other new fabrics on the macket, and shifting domestic labor into other industries. The production of these traditional fabrics are limited to the western part of Cheju Island. The region stretching from the north-west city of I-Ian-Lim to the south-west city of Seoguepo is the major area of production. In Han-Lim, cotton was produced. Joong-Moon in the south was the major place to produce silks. Regional differences in the climate and lifestyles affected such specialization. In Cheju city, traditional Korean apparel and Korean hat making was developed due to its location, having easy access to the mainland, and its role in political and economic foundations. At the present time in Han-Lim, the hand-weaving factory of the Han-Lim Catholic church produces wool. They use sheep hair- from the famous ranch $quot;'Ishidole$quot;. They manufacture wool sweaters and wool blankets, as well as other wool products. The sweaters are all made by hand while the blankets and sheets are made with hand-operated weaving machines. These products are sold both domestically and internationally.
강대갑 한국전통과학기술학회 1996 한국전통과학기술학회지 Vol.3 No.1
As a preliminary study for scientific research of PaekJe-Togi earthenwares, several analysis methods frequently used in materials science were applied to a redintegrated PaekJe-Togi specimens. Through analyses of chemical elements, dilatometric behaviors, and X-ray diffraction patterns, scanning electron microscopy observations, and measurements of water absorption ratio and gas permeability, the redintegrated specimens exhibited their characteristics as follows; the microstructure inside was porous, the outside surface was covered with dense glassy layer composed of low melting elements such as Mg, and Ca, many small saliencies on outside surface with small pores were not covered by the glassy layer resulting a small gas permeability, and the sintering temperature re was estimated about 1300℃. However, for obtaining more reliable results and estimations from unknown ancient specimens, a large amount of data-base should be prepared and new measurement technologies be adopted.