언어유형론과 국어학 : 그 빛과 그늘

목정수 한국언어유형론학회 2014 언어유형론연구 Vol.1 No.1

This paper aims to make several suggestions. First, linguistic typology should be based on the correctly described data of the individual languages. Second, Korean linguistics also should be objectively described in terms of distribution so that it can contribute to the typology of languages of the world. We reexamined the so-called double subject constructions in order to check the justification of applying the concept 'non-nominative subject' to Korean. We concluded that the 'dative subject' is not true subject of the so-called double subject constructions, but just oblique constituent. The true subject of the so-called double subject constructions is realize in the form of 'NP1-eun/neun' or 'NP1-i/ga'. And we proved that the second constituent 'NP2-i/ga' in those constructions could be analyzed object complement, revealing the misconcept of 'predicate clause'.

언어 유형론에 기반한 영한 순차통역 번역투 문장 분석 및 통역전략 제안

장수민 한국언어유형론학회 2023 언어유형론연구 Vol.8 No.1

With the increase in the English literacy of Koreans, more and more Koreans have become sensitive to unnatural Korean sentences in translation that mimic the linguistic features of English. This increased sensitivity has activated research on so-called translationese, awkwardness or ungrammaticality of translation. However, most of the research until now has been constrained to translation whereas interpreting, the oral translation activity, has not been in the limelight. Therefore, this study aims to identify reasons for unnatural sentences generated in English-Korean consecutive interpreting and propose corresponding interpreting strategies to make the interpreting output sound more natural to Koreans. The reasons for translationese would vary, but this study will take the linguistic typological view to construe the phenomenon, especially focusing on the verb orientation of Korean and the noun orientation of English.

Toward a morpho-lexical typology of the ‘give’ event

Chai-song Hong 한국언어유형론학회 2016 언어유형론연구 Vol.3 No.1

본고는 300여개의 언어를 바탕으로 하여, 수여 사태가 언어적으로 표현되는 방식에 있어서의 언어간 변이를 조사하였다. 한국어의 ‘주-’, 영어의 ‘give’, 프랑스어 의 ‘donner’처럼 하나의 단순 동사 어근으로 표현하는 것이 지역과 계통을 넘어서 가장 지배적인 방책이지만, 그 외의 대안적 방책들도 발견된다. 포괄적인 ‘give’ 동사가 존재하는 유형에도 단순 어근, 복합 어근, 영 어근의 세 하위유형이 존재하고, 포괄적인 ‘give’ 동사가 부재하는 유형에도, 다중 동사 방책, 일반화 방책, 비동사 방책(부치사, 접사) 등이 있다. This paper is a working report of a survey on cross-linguistic variation in how the generic and basic concept of the transfer event, represented by three-place predicates such as Korean cwu-, English give or French donner, is linguistically encoded, on the basis of the sample of about 300 languages. The dominant strategy is encoding the 'give' event as a simple root, but one can find many alternative strategies, which include complex root (plain and discontinuous), zero root, multiple encoding, general verb, non-verbal encoding, etc.

한국어와 영어의 의외성 및 번역에서의 함의 - 문학작품의 번역사례를 중심으로 -

이현표 한국언어유형론학회 2023 언어유형론연구 Vol.8 No.1

As a newly proposed grammatical concept, mirativity has drawn much attention and criticism at the same time. While some literature argues that there is not enough evidence to claim its validity as an independent grammatical category, many others argue its universality in many languages. However, instead of denying the legitimacy of its independent status as a grammatical category, it would be much more informative if we deepened and developed its sub-characteristics while enriching the logic around the concept. This paper examines the characteristics of mirative markers in Korean literature and categorizes the patterns when translated into English. Since English is considered a language that lacks distinctive mirative markers, it would be interesting to see how relatively consistent expressions of Korean mirative markers can be translated with various grammatical markers that are not necessarily related to mirative meanings. The analysis will pragmatically show how mirative suffixes are translated into English and have empirical significance when examining translation strategies of mirativity.

언어유형론의 관점에서 본 한국어의 문법적 특징 : 지역유형론에 초점을 맞추어

박진호 한국언어유형론학회 2014 언어유형론연구 Vol.1 No.1

When considering grammatical characteristics of a language, we must focus on properties which are rare or infrequent among the languages over the world. Most of the properties adduced by the so-called theory of (Ural-)Altaic common features, when viewed from modern typological viewpoints, are not confined to (Ural-)Altaic, but can be found in other families and areas. Moreover, many of them are quite common among world languages, so cannot be considered to be evidences of genetic affinity. On the other hand, Korean and Japanese have many properties of the Circum-Pacific Mega Linguistic Area, as well as the Eurasian Mega Linguistic Area. This is due to the fact that these two languages are located between these two Mega Linguistic Areas. In addition to surface properties, we should examine deep factors which influence and give shape to surface properties. Dominance and harmony proposed by Greenberg are good examples of such deep factors.

중한 번역의 번역투 해소를 위한 문법적 고찰 - 『인생』에 나타난 사동 표지 ‘让’을 중심으로 -

양슬아 한국언어유형론학회 2020 언어유형론연구 Vol.5 No.1

Korean textbooks teaching the Chinese language have heretofore shown little variety in translating casual markers from Chinese original into Korean equivalents. Specifically, most if not all casual markers have been rendered as hayekum(let/allow) in the target text of Chinese-Korean translation. Causative verbs appear with great frequency in Chinese. Providing more diversity, therefore, when translating from or into causative Chinese verbs would result in a smoother text that does not sound too monotonous. Korean and Chinese languages use different strategies when encoding situations into causative verbs. In Korean, whether a causer/causee is animate or inanimate determines to a large extent the subject of a sentence, along with the direction of an agent’s action. Generally, Korean grammar prefers not to use inanimate causers when writing sentences. This rule is less than clear-cut, however, in real-world conversations. In such communication, specific contextual information on speakers’ intention and the direction of discourse could yield a wide range of forms, semantics, animacy and controlling force for causative verbs. Taking these grammatical factors into account would help translators working on these verbs to produce texts that read like an original.

속격에서 주격으로

박진호 한국언어유형론학회 2016 언어유형론연구 Vol.3 No.1

일본어와 한국어는 주격-대격 정렬을 보이면서도 주격이 유표지인 특이한 모습을 보인다. 일본어의 경우 본래 속격이었던 '-ga'가 주격으로 재분석된 것으로 알려져 있다. 이와 비슷한 추론을 한국어에 대해서도 할 수 있다. '-이'가 속격으로 사용된 예가 소수이지만 발견되는데, '-이'가 본래 속격이었다가 주어적 속격 구문을 교량문맥으로 하여 주격으로 재분석되었을 가능성이 있다. 신라어, 고려어에서 동명사 어미로 끝나는 절이 관형절, 명사절뿐 아니라 주절, 접속절에도 폭넓게 사용되었으므 로, 주어적 속격이 광범위하게 사용되었을 가능성이 높고, 이것이 주격으로 재분석되 었을 것으로 추정된다. Japanese and Korean are untypical in that the nominative case is not zero in spite that their case alignments are of nominative-accusative type. It is well-known that the nominative marker in Japanese arose from the former genitive marker. The same scenario can be applied to Korean also. We can see a few examples in which '-i' is used as a genitive marker in Middle Korean. This suggests the possibility that '-i' which was originally a gentivie marker, was reanalysed as a nominative marker through the brige context of gentivie subject constructions. In ancient Korean, the verbal noun endings were used as the marker of adnominal and nominal clauses as well as subordinate and even main clauses, and in these constructions, which were in essence nominalized clauses, the subject could be marked with a genitive case. I suspect that this genitive was reanalysed as nominative.

중국어 피동문 ‘被’字句와 한국어 대조 연구 - 위화(余華)의 장편소설 『제7일(第七天)』을 중심으로 -

이종순 한국언어유형론학회 2023 언어유형론연구 Vol.8 No.1

Korean is an synthetic-agglutinative language, and Chinese is an isolated language, they belong to different language families. As a result, each grammatical phenomenon has different expressions, but research has been conducted based on the correspondence relationship based on the characteristics of grammar itself, and students have been guided according to the results. However, it is difficult to reduce blind spots in learning that are difficult to explain only with comparative studies on the same grammatical markers because the linguistic environment for each language is different and the meaning expressed by the same grammatical phenomenon is different. Therefore, based on the bei(被)-sentence most frequently used in Chinese passive sentences, Korean response types were classified and the characteristics of each type were analyzed. The phenomenon was confirmed, and it will be possible to suggest a way to reduce the errors that learners who learn Korean and Chinese as foreign languages can easily make in the process of learning passive sentences in the future.

한국어 ‘비(가) 오다’는 비인칭 구문인가?

목정수 한국언어유형론학회 2016 언어유형론연구 Vol.3 No.1

(ⅰ)‘비가 오다’ 구성이 ‘비오다’라는 합성동사로 어휘화될 가능성이 높은 데 비해, ‘사람이 오다’는 ‘#사람오다’라는 합성동사로 어휘화될 가능성이 전혀 없다는 것이 의미하는 바는 무엇인가, (ⅱ)‘잠이 오다’ 구성은 경험주 논항을 상정하는 것이 가능한 데 비해, ‘비가 오다’ 구성은 경험주나 행위주 논항을 채울 수 없는데 그 이유는 무엇인가, (ⅲ)선어말어미 ‘-시-’를 단일하게 설명하려면 이와 호응/일치하는 성분을 일정하게 ‘주어’로 보면 되는데, 소위 ‘이중 주어 구문’에서 이 주어 성분 이외의 ‘가형 성분’의 통사적 기능은 뭐라 규정해야 하는가, (ⅳ 한국어에서 주어가 명시적으로 나타나지 않는 문장이 많을 뿐만 아니라 논리적으로는 상정할 수 있지만 실제로는 주어 자리가 비어 있는 구문이 많은데 그것을 어떻게 설명해야 하는가, 이상의 몇 가지 문제를 가지고 한국어의 ‘비가 오다’ 구성의 통사 구조를 밝혀보았다. This paper aims to describe the Korean meteorological expression ‘bi(ga) oda 비 (가) 오다’ and check out its deep structure from a typological point of view. We compared the construction ‘bi(ga) oda’ so closely with the constructions ‘haksaeng(i) oda 학생(이) 오다’ and the construction ‘jam(i) oda 잠(이) 오다’ that we could arrive at the conclusion that the construction ‘bi(ga) oda’ is not a simple sentence, that is to say, so-called ‘predicate clause’, but a ‘predicate phrase’, namely, a ‘complex predicate’. The constituent ‘bi’ in the construction ‘bi(ga) oda’ is not a proper participant ‘agent/patient’ in an event, but functions as a predicative noun in a complex predicate with support verb ‘oda’. This conclusion can be supported by the universal constraint that a real subject cannot constitute ‘complex predicate’ with a verb. Consequently, the construction ‘bi(ga) oda’ is a subjectless construction, whose subject corresponds to expletive/dummy pronouns or zero pronoun in Indo-european languages, such as ‘It rains’ and ‘Llueve’.

한국어 ‘-고 있-, -어 있-’과 베트남어 đang 구문 대조 연구

박권규 한국언어유형론학회 2021 언어유형론연구 Vol.6 No.2

One used grammar in Vietnamese becomes two in Korean so learners are very confused. A study on the bias caused by the difference between Vietnamese and Korean. A study on the bias analysis caused by the differences between Vietnamese and Korean. I think this is a necessary study for Vietnamese learners of Korean language. The purpose of this research is to find the similarities and differences between Korean sentences -ko iss-, -e iss- and Vietnamese đang sentences. Then let Vietnamese learners learn to progressiv and resultative -ko iss-, -e iss- sentence learning is easier and more convenient. This way, the teachers who can teach them also have a little help.