出間地域에 對한 考察 : 特히 山間地域社會調査를 中心으로

金得奉 한국사회사업대학 사회복지연구소 1972 社會福祉硏究 Vol.3 No.-

韓國 肢體不自由兒 訪問敎師制의 實態와 그 敎職觀에 關한 硏究

安秉輯 韓國社會社業大學特殊敎育硏究所 1978 特殊敎育硏究 Vol.6 No.-

本 硏究는 現在 釜山에서 設置中에 있는 訪問敎師制의 運營實態를 把握하고 訪問敎師에 대한 敎職觀을 調査 分析하였다. 調査對象은 現訪問敎師 20 名(男6名, 女14名)으로서 平均年齡은 38.7歲이고, 平均敎職經歷은 11.3年이었다. 調査方法은 全 訪問敎師에대한 全數調査를 實施하였으며, 17個 問項으로 構成된 質問紙를 使用하였다. 그리고 實態把握은 硏究者가 直接 現地 調査하였으며, 調査期間은 19*77年 4月 20日 부터 1977年 6月 30日까지였다. 그 重要結果를 要約하면 다음과 같다. (1) 訪問敎師制 運營實態 1) 1963年 3月에 釜山市內 重症肢體不自由兒童 128名을 위하여 28個의 家庭訪問制 學級을 開設하여 同年 7月 當時 國家再建最高會議 議長으로부터 特別 補助金을 下賜받아 1964年 3月 入學式을 거행한 것이 韓國最初의 肢體不自由兒에 대한 學校敎育의 試圖였다. 2) 敎師 1人當 5-6名의 兒童을 擔當하여 國民學校 敎育課程에 準하여 初等敎育을 實施하고 있으며, 年間 200日以上의 授業日數와 하루에 1人 2時間 以上의 個別課程을 갖고 있다. 3) 主로 國語, 算數等의 形式敎科를 中心敎科目으로 重視하고 있으며, 其他科目은 全體의 5% 水準에서 指導하고 있다. 아울러, 治療矯正, 個人差考慮, 自學自習能力 訓練, 技能勞作 敎育等의 方針에 依하여 實施하고 있다. 4) 年間 1回以上의 兒童作品展示會와 社會見學을 實施하고 敎師自體硏修를 通한 資質向上도 기하고 있는 實定이다. (2) 訪問敎師의 敎職觀 1) 一般的인 敎師觀에서는 大部分의 敎師가 敎育的인 使命感(40%)과 奉仕精神(25%)을 갖고 있으며, 本制度가 目的과 理念에 잘 符合되고 있어 訪問敎師制의 效果를 높이 評價하고 있다. 2) 指導 및 運營觀에서는 全般的으로 보아 基礎學力向上을 第一 重視하고 있으며, 따라서 形式敎科인 國語, 算數指導에 가장 많은 時間을 割愛하고 있다. 그러나 諸般環境에 대해서는 조금 미비하다는 傾向을 띠고 있으며, 運營上의 애로점으로는 敎師의 生活保障問題를 가장 크게 指摘하고 있다. 3) 一般學級 및 社會화의 協力關係에 있어서는 매우 否定的인 反應을 나타내고 있으며 非協調的이고 無關心하다는 見解가 支配的이다. 그리고 訪問敎師는 社會으로 낮게 評價되고 있다는 것에 60%를 反應하고 있다. 4) 時間敎師의 敎師觀에서는 大體로 一致敎師와 비슷한 傾向으로 週當 指導 時間敎는 21-25時間 程度였으며, 月報酬는 平均年齡이나 經歷에 비추어 낮은 實情이다. 역시 要求되는 資質에 대한 反應에서도 숭고한 使命感을 가장 重視하고 있는 것으로 나타나Teki. 5) 訪問敎師의 當面問題에 있어서는 敎師의 法的인 身分保障(敎師 任命)과 碇泊特殊學級과 같은 法的, 制度的 體制確立을 가장 重要한 項目으로 들고 있으며, 다음으로 處遇改善, 資格證取得, 硏修會開催, 行, 財政間 支援等과 6個項의 重要한 當面課題를 提示하고 있다. The study was aimed at looking into the operation of the Initerant personnel Plan being implemented in Pusan and analyzing the teachers' view on their job. The suhjects of this study were 20 teachers (6 males, 14 females) taking charge of the Itinerant personnel at present. Their average age was 38.7 and their working experience int his field averaged 11.3 years. A questionaire consisting of 17 questions was used to evaluate the attitudes of them towards their career. The period of the exam was from April 20, 1977 to June 30, 1977. The results a btained from the research ae as follows; 1. The operational Situation of the Itinerant Personnel plan . (1) A plan of the progrm staryted in march 1963 with 28 Itinerant Personnel Classes for 128 children with servere crippling and in July of the year the plan was encouraged with the donation by then chairman Park of the Supreme National Reconstruction Committee. The plan was realized with the opening ceremony of the classes held in Marvch 1964. (2) Every teacher takes charge of five or six children, giving each student lessions on the level of primary school more than two hours daily over 200 days a year. (3) A great emphasis has been placed in the so-called formal subjects such as the korean language and airthmeic, while other subjects comprise only five percent of the whole curricula. Treatment and correction, individual difference in ability, habit forming of self-study, coordination training through making things have been carefully taken into consideration. (4) The exhibition of works done by the children have been held more than once a year. Study trips were often made to give them chances to have contact with society. Study trips were often made to give them chances to have contact with society. Teachers are put in the self-training courses. 2. The Itinerant Personnels' View on the Education. (1) Many of the teachers have a sense of duty(40%) and service spirit (25%). this is a stuimulating tendencygoing with the purposes and ideals of the plan, with the result that the system has been ebaluated highly successful. (2) The administrators and teachers attach importance to the improvement of basic knowledge in the overall subjets, especially formal subjects such as the Korean language and arithmetic. It has been pointed out that the facillities and general tecahing conditions are not good enough to meet the requirement, and that there are also difficulties in guaranteering the welfare of the teachers owing to the limeited budget. (3) The relationslhips ad cooperation between the program and community including public schools are considered to be poorer than they should be. It was found that the program needs more positive support form the public. Sixty percent of the teachers subject to the survey responded that they are regarded as being less improtant than the public school teachers. (4) The itinerants' view on the education is almost similar to that of the puyblic school teachers. They work for about 21-25 hours a week, which is generally equivalent to the working hours of the public school teachers, but their income is much lower in regard to their average age and experience. The status quo incoitably poses a phenomenon that the teachers working for this program require more sacrificial spirit and sublime sense of duty. (5) Guaranteeied legal status of teachers(appointment of teachers by the authorities) and the implementation of formal classes for the Phusically Handicapped as in the Special Class(mentally retarded) are among the top priorities to bedealt with by the financial and administrational support, training program for the teachers, the acquirement of the spiceal education teachers' license and better payment plus other six urgent problems.

C.D.를 爲한 地方行政의 役割에 관한 硏究

정하성 韓國社會事業大學 地域社會開發硏究所 1986 地域社會開發論叢 Vol.8 No.-

The function of local government and administration for community development consist in seeking for the history of C.D., facing project and the substances. and the problems of local community relating to C. D. The aim of this study creates better alternative and establishes a certain desirable direction and the relation of C. D. , ; for examples, arrangement of local community unit, a good guide ntial function, supplying idea, creation about advice and developing organization etc. The structure of this paper consists of 5 chapter. The first corcern about this subject in to deal with the history of Korean C. D. composed of pre-historic, significant contention and project since 1958. The second content of this paper is to devide local governmental and administration history into 3 periods by means of democratic factor and then to think out suitable method about the problems of central political substance and interaction in local government and administration. The conclusion interprets Korean C. D. project not by developed residential spiritual attidue and value but by developed central government or local public groups, so that Korean C. D. project have a great many problems and contradiction. Becouse of deciding anything by order from above rule method by central government for a long history leads to deminish creation, spontaneity, cooperation of residents and to decrease democratic conciousness. Central political reign system has ruled monotonously or up and down local government and administration through non-democratic administration in regional circle. Necessity of cooperation for residential C. D. project should be emphasized indespensibly for practical local self-rule system. The function of Local Government and Administration should be practiced through local society developing administration need not by the satisfaction of regional administration need. It is very important for residents themselves to rule their local community.

C.D와 Democracy

黃澤周 韓國社會事業大學 地域社會開發硏究所 1987 地域社會開發論叢 Vol.9 No.-

This study examines the development of democracy, based upon the community development and its relationships, and tries development with a search of essential autonomvic consciousness and essentiality of self-governing funds. Democracy, the effectual and fittest model that elevates better life, expects us to give up inveterate ritualism and unconditional authority, and develop a rational participatory democracy model. It's indispensible condition is that sovereignty rests with the people. Therefore, the premise and substance of democracy is autonomic consciousness and self-governing funds. And the community development should be based the residents' common interests and needs since it might bring them to participate in, as hosts, a rational and creative initiative when they do this, the development is closely connected with their interest so the idea of participation and funds raise it with the faith for consultation. And this is characterized by the small training camp of democracy as an integration of the community development depens upon their consistant effort, and it may be the effective way to pro-duce a democratic atmosphere with the autonomic conception. Therefore this study examines the autonomic consciouness and democratic funds. In order to develop democracy, the first thing we have to do is to increase and improve the political participation of the masses but generally most developing contries have pressure to democratic participation in the process of modernizaton. However the restraint on participation can't last forever, and dictatorship, which is a lack of public consultation, results in dissatisfaction among the people, eventual violence to promote social instability, and the ultimate distruction of the political system. We can emphasise the development of the community as a bisic organization of democratism. This will enable people to have a we-ness of belonging and unification within the small country, the basis and source of society. And democracy is closely related to self-governing funds. This has been developed in most rich countries that amass wealth and stability, but Korea, as a country without resources and with a high population density, has historically made progress only around Seoul and its neigh-boring districts, and this has drained funds from other areas of this country. Thus many localities in this countryside have financial problems. While some big cities such as Seoul, Pusan, Inchon, and Taegu make rapid progress, others don't. The rural community is especially at stake, as the government has granted privileges in the industrial fields only. At this time, the rural community is need of some sort of assistance or solution to its problems. And it is important that an agricultural reform to enlarge farm land and make the most use of it be instituted, as well as a subsidy policy to pay off the farmers' debts and raise their income. In fact agriculture has been at a disadvantage to other fields in regard to production, Process, transportation and prices. Especially, their possession to improve their economy social and political status. It is widely recognized that popular participation in public affairs at the local level may stimulate commitment and thus logalty to the government. And it also allows them to participate freely and encourages the initiative of the fundamental conditions for democracy. As the concluding remark, the basis of the people's autonomic consciousness and self-governing funds should be the essential factors in accomplishing the community development and democracy.

公的扶助政策에 關한 理論的 考察

우상태 韓國社會事業大學 地域社會開發硏究所 1985 地域社會開發論叢 Vol.7 No.-

工場새마을運動의 社會福祉的 側面에 關한 硏究 -慶北道內의 100人以上 企業體를 中心으로-

성병조 韓國社會事業大學 地域社會開發硏究所 1980 地域社會開發論叢 Vol.3 No.-

This study intends to explain the aspects and situation of social welfare in factory which is classified to ordinary factory, prized factory and non-prized factory, through the Factory Saemaul Undong by the method of questionaire. As in well known, the history of Saemaul Undong is not long, so there are many problems in its process. Furthermore the concept of factory Saemaul Undong is not defined clearly, and it is to be developed by diverse study within near future. Factory Saemaul Undong is an operation base of urban Saemaul Undong, and it must be developed to fit factory's character and skill. The genuine object of Saemaul Undong is a better-life movement which came from emplyer-employee's cooperative spirit, environment improvement, strengthening employee's social well-being, productivity elevating, reduction of cost price, and neighbor-helping movement. From the viewpoint of social welfare aspects, the conclusions of this study are as follows: First, there are supplementary relations between factory Saemaul Undong and social welfare, and the weight of social welfare in factory Saemaul Undong is 25%, but the real situations of that are generally not sufficient. So it is urgently needed to promote the level of poor sides. Second, there are two aspects of social welfare in Factory Saemaul Undong. The first one is establishmental aspect, which includes domitories, apartments and company houses, dining room, resting room, library, stall, bath room, washing room, medical treatment facilities, physical exercise and amusement facilities. The another is systematic aspect, which includes payment system, bonus system, saving system, vacation system, special night time class system, research aid funding system, factory bus system, medical insurance system, retirement allowance system, employees' stock-buying system. But some aspects of the above-mentioned are too formal, so it is necessary to make those aspects internalized and subtantialized with mutual understanding between employers and employees. Third, the level of prized factories is very high from the viewpoint of social welfare compared with general factories and non-prized factories. But the high level is caused by the conclusion that prized factories are generally large companies which have necessarily all those aspects. Ordinary and non-prized factories' levels are showing just similarly. Fourth, the insufficiency of social welfare situations in Factory Saemaul Undong is due to the poor law system, the lack of understanding and concern of the employers, their conomic burden, and the company's characteristic geographical circumstances. The way of solving those problems is to activate factory Saemaul Undong by means of supplementing the Labour Standard Law, strengthening employers' Saemaul education, making factory environment sound, and promoting interrelation between factories. Fifth, factory Saemauel Undong is a method and a process to promote social welfare in factory, therefore the expansion of social welfare devotes to activating Factory Saemauel Undong.

Davis-Moore 社會階層理論의 評價 -後期産業社會를 中心으로-

이영환 韓國社會事業大學 地域社會開發硏究所 1983 地域社會開發論叢 Vol.5 No.-

In this paper, I intended to understand the social inequality through Davis-Tumin controversy on the Davis-Moore theory of the social stratification. And I have examined the applicability of the Davis-Moore theory to the post-industrial society. As a result of this study, I would like to conclude as follows 1. Davis-Moore theory is not universal theory which can apply to all the historical societies. 2. In applying Davis-Moore theory to any society, it should be partly complemented or substituted. Especially a) in post-industrial society, since social positions are even more specialized and pluralized, accurate measurement of functionality of each position will be very difficult. Therefore, as determinant of social position, I would like to propose other factors such as authority, opportunity of education rather than funtionality of social position. And b) in post-industrial society, since social position will be recruited not on the basis of family background, but of their own talent and achievement, I propose to empathasize on the opportunity of education through which they can get their knowledge and technique as a mode of access to social position. And c) in post-industrial society, since social reward will primary take the form of inner satisfaction, I propose to empathize on psychological evaluation of the social reward.

地域社會開發事業의 人間學的 理解

최재원 한국사회사업대학 지역사회개발연구소 1979 地域社會開發論叢 Vol.2 No.-

The human factors are very important for community development, and they also can be the results of community development. As for the Saemaul Undong of Korea, the spiritual development of rural residents is one of three major goals of it. But there's none on the empirical study of spirtual development of them until now. So, this study intends to survey the human aspect which contains anti-fatalism, diligence, cooeration, anti-ritualism, futurism, materialism, nationalism, will power and creationism empirically. The Liker Scale of eleven points is used to measure them. 1. Anti-fatalism of rural residents is scored as; M(Mean)=7.93, Me(Median)=8.27, Q₁=6.38, Q₃=9.76, Q=(Q₃-Q₁)/2=1.69 2. Sprit of diligence of rural residents is scored as; M=8.71, Me=9.32, Q₁=7.72, Q₃=9.96, Q=1.12 3. Sprit of cooperation of rural residents is scored as; M=8.50, Me=9.41, Q₁=7.66, Q₃=9.97, Q=1.15 4. Ritualism of rural residents is scored as; M=3.72, Me=3.94, Q₁=0.32, Q₃=5.80, Q=2.74 5. Futurism of rural residents is scored as; M=3.30, Me=2.75, Q₁=0.22, Q₃=5.20, Q=2.49 6. Materialism of rural residents is scored as; M=5.97, Me=6.20, Q₁=4.27, Q₃=9.04, Q=2.38 7. Sprit of nationalism of rural residents is scored as; M=1.96, Me=0.31, Q₁=-0.09, Q₃=3.44, Q=1.76 8. Will power of rural resident is scored as; M=7.20, Me=7.91, Q₁=5.29, Q₃=9.74, Q=4.45 9. Sprit of creationism of rural residents is scored as; M=7.44, Me=7.45, Q₁=6.34, Q₃=9.59, Q=1.62 These scores mean that the human aspect of Korean rural residents are developed very much by dint of Saemauel Undong, other community development movement and rapid social change of rural region. And the development of the human aspect of rural residents is also effected as independent variable to community development. So interaction of them is devoted to develop the other sides.

工場 새마을運動에 關한 硏究

최재원,양철모 韓國社會事業大學 地域社會開發硏究所 1981 地域社會開發論叢 Vol.4 No.-

工場새마을運動은 1970年代初부터 始作된 農村새마을運動으로부터 點火되어 1974년부터 推進되기 始作하였다. 이 工場새마을運動은 1973年末 石油波動과 資源波動으로 因해서 景氣가 急激히 下降하는 時點을 擇해 點火되었으며 全體企業人과 從業員들의 不掘의 意志와 努力으로 物資節約, 에너지節約, QC運動 等을 通해서 不況을 克服하고 企業體質을 强化하는 轉機를 만들고자 하였다. 즉 工場새마을運動은 韓國 固有의 企業倫理觀을 바탕으로 하여 企業主는 家長과 같은 位置에서 어버이精神을 具顯시켜 나가고 종업원은 한 家庭의 構成員이라는 立場에서 企業主를 爲하고 나아가서는 企業의 發展을 爲하여 스스로 해야 할 일을 찾아 實踐에 옮겨가는 過程에서 企業은 成長하고, 企業의 社會的 責任을 다하게 된다는 것이다. 따라서 工場새마을運動은 企業의 社會的 責任에 대한 새로운 認識, 勞使間의 紐帶强化, 豊饒로운 民主國家의 建設을 指向하고 있으며 새마을 敎育, 人間關係의 改善, 福祉制度와 施設의 擴充, 夜間敎育, 生産性增大를 爲한 各種 勞力 等이 項住되어 왔다. 本 硏究는 이러한 工場새마을運動의 實態를 正確하게 把握하고 보다 바람직한 發展方向을 模索하기 爲하여 各種 統計資料 및 硏究論文 等의 文獻을 통하여 經驗的인 硏究를 試圖하였다. 이와같은 硏究의 結果로 다음과 같이 要約할 수 있겠다. 첫째, 工場새마을運動은 政府(政檔)의 變化에 關係없이 되어야 할 것이다. 둘째, 이미 實施된 프로그램이 成功的이었기 때문에 새마을指導者 및 中堅幹部에 對한 訓練과 새마을 敎育을 實施할 施設과 프로그램이 擴充되어야 한다. 그리고 現在 새마을精神의 涵養에 重點을 맞추고 있는 敎育內容은 QC, 時間과 動作硏究 等과 같은 生産性向上의 方法을 强調하는 것으로 바뀌어야 한다. 셋째, 費用 對 利益의 硏究와 같은 施行錯誤의 浪費를 避하기 爲한 方法을 模索하기 爲해서 이 運動에 對한 보다 더 깊은 硏究가 必要하겠다. 넷째, 勤勞條件과 福祉態의 改善을 通해서 經營者는 企業利을 勤勞者에게 보다 더 많이 돌려야 한다는 것이다. 다섯째, 計劃의 立案과 實行에 實者를 보다 더 많이 參與시킴으로서 工場새마을運動에서 意思決定의 樣態를 위에서부터 아래로 修正하여야 할 것이다. 여섯째, 生産性增大의 2가지 要因中에 韓國에서는 勞動能率보다는 合理的인 經營面을 더욱 改善하여야 할 것이다. 일곱째, 勤勞意欲을 높이기 爲하여 被雇傭人들의 株式所有를 制度化시켜야 할 것이다. 여덟째, 各己 工場에서 된 多樣한 새마을事業은 嚴格한 評價가 加해져야 하며 그리하여 租稅惠擇, 政府補助金, 低利融資와 더불어 McGregor 가 提案한 것과 같은 補償制度가 公平하게 實施되어야 할 것이다. 아홉째, 都市새마을運動에 있어서 現實參與를 通하여 企業의 社會的 責任을 遂行하므로서 生産性을 보다 擴大시킬 社會的 與件을 마련하여야 할 것이다.

工場새마을運動과 共同體意識에 關한 硏究

이재호 韓國社會事業大學 地域社會開發硏究所 1979 地域社會開發論叢 Vol.2 No.-

The nature and content of Factory Saemaul Undong, according to the viewpoint, are devided from many framework. The promotion of a spirit of community are very important conception in Factory Saemaul Undong. Today those who are living in urban areas feel uneasy emotionally because of he disappearance of human to human in relationship. This paper aims at the enlightenment of a spirit of a community in Factory Saemaul Undong, thata re propeling in our nation. There are many problems in Factory Saemaul Undong seeing at viewpoint of a spiit of community. So, in order tr enlighten the Factory Saemaul Undong, it is necessary that as follows: First, through the application of socialization theory in Factory Saemaul Undong, the institution, system and facitities should be generalized. Second, in the individual level it is necessary that the Saemaul education change the consciousness. Third, the operator of company must recognize the socia lrespect of company. In future we are concerning the society that there are love and humanity, and we are necessary the development of a spirt of community.