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權純植 청주대학교 중국문화연구소 1981 中國文化 Vol.3 No.3
This short paper shows the geographical research of the People's Republic of China through the British physical geographer's eyes. Presently, China's national policy is to press forward with and accerlerate the pace of the development and modernization, so that by the end of the 20th century China will have become an industrialized country, the equal of any in the world. They are most keen to learn from foreign scholars of the developments in the geographical and environmental fields of advanced countries the matters unknown to them because of the adverse effects of the revolutionary ferment during the last decade. Here, several geomorphic phenomena are recognized as problems of loess environments of the Sian in Shensi Province, Chenchow to the Yellow River, Wuhan in the middle Yanzte, to the Karst of Kweilin and to Canton the aspects of coastal geomorphology.
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韋日春 청주대학교 중국문화연구소 1981 中國文化 Vol.3 No.3
蔡元培, 字鶴卿, 又字子民, 浙江省紹興縣人. 生於淸憧治六年十二月十七日(西曆 一八六八年一月十一日), 民國二十九年(一九四O) 三月五日九時四十五分浙世於香港. 他是前淸的進士. 民國的第一任敎育總長, 北京大學的校長, 中央硏究員院長, 是一位偉大的敎育家. 他給豫迫代中國的影響 是鉅大而深遠的. 本文將介紹他的基本思想. 他的基本思想可以分爲兩部分 : 一是世界觀, 二是人生觀. 在世界觀方面, 他首先指出一個「實體世界」, 或者稱爲「本體世界」, 並且說這個「實體世界」是全人類進化奪赴的目標.
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張存武 청주대학교 중국문화연구소 1981 中國文化 Vol.3 No.3
辛亥革命, 也就是中華民國建國以來己經七+年. 然而有若干學者懷疑辛亥革命是一個革命. 他們以爲這一革命對中國現代史的發展並無重要作用和地位, 尤其是信奉馬克斯, 列寧主義者, 將這一革命稱爲資産臨級的革命. 他他維然有時也用「有一定程度的貢獻」一語來肯定這一革命, 然而他們將民國以來重犬的文化, 社會, 經濟, 政治等變更, 統統歸因於共産主義.
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金良洙 청주대학교 중국문화연구소 1981 中國文化 Vol.3 No.3
In this thesis, I attempt to analyze the role of the Joryung Pass at Munkyung in the period of Yi dynasty. We will see how the role of the pass has changed through the history. The findings of my study will be summarized as follows: It is often said that the road in a peninsula has been developed from the central area of the cross-road. The four great main roads in the Han Peninsula has been developed from Seoul which is the central part of the cross-road. Among them the West Road which is extended from Seoul to Uizoo and the South Road which is stretched from Seoul to Pusan are the most important roads. The latter is connected with Japan. The Joryung Pass (or Saejae) is located at the central part of the South Road and it is also the joint place in between the Kyungsang-do which is one of the largest output land and Seoul which is the largest consumption city. And this area is the original place where the Nakdong River and the Han River start to follow. The road to pass over the Joryung Pass had been greatly developed since 14th century when the Japanese Pirates began to invade Korea severely. As the ships were often pirated by the Japanese, the shipping road of cereals for tax payment has been black mailed. So the safer inland road began to be used. For 70 years during 15th century, each year more than 200,000 Seock (石), of cereals, and also more than 700 Japanese people passed by this road to go to Seoul. When Korea was pursuing the intermediary trade between China and Japan at that time, the Joryung Pass was an important place and also a gateway. After the invasion of Japanese in the year of Imjin (1592 A.D.), the Joryung Pass was considered as an important strategic place, because it was surrounded by the rugged mountains and was very difficult to pass over it. Therefore it was an urgent thing to build a barrier to deter the enemy. Due to an advice of building a fort around these area by the Myung military authority, SHIN, Chung-won who came from Chungju began to build a barrier around these areas and soon finished building a fort. But after the Imjin War, this fort ruined. Later in early part of 18th century, the fort was rebuilt. Three forts were constructed here, therefore the passengers had to pass the Joryung Gateway to travel. During the later part of the Yi dynasty, discussions on constructing a series of forts to protect the Capital were made among the officials; that is, to build forts in every direction, the Julryung Pass in the north-west side, the Chulryung Pass in the north-east side, the Joryung Pass in the south-east side, the Charyung Pass in the south-west side. After the 18th century the road to pass over the Joryung Pass began to decline. Because the Japanese who used Korea as a place of intermediary trade began to deal with China directly. So they no longer came to Seoul. And also the domestic businessmen avoided passing over the Joryung Pass because the military officials, that is the Byul-Jang (別將) of the time, inspected them severely. Therefore the businessmen began to move to the west. At the latter part of Yi dynasty, because of the disordered society, the Joryung Pass became an sheltered place when Catholics were under pressure. And at the end of Yi dynasty the Joryung Pass was one of the center which a party of the Dong-hak (東學) rebelled against government. It was this place that volunteer soldiers against Japan which was building the Kyungbu railroad during the period of Japanese invasion. The Japanese destructed the fort and a lot of facilities around this area. The Joryung road which was built by the Korean people went along with the vicissituds of Korea. .
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