참장어 ( 뱀장어 ) Anguilla japonica 양어장에서의 아질산 중독에 의한 Methemoglobin 증과 병리조직학적 변성

전세규 ( Seh Kyu Chun ),양한춘 ( Han Choon Yang ) 수산생명의학회 1991 수산생명의학회지 Vol.4 No.1

Histopathological changes and methemoglobinemia of the eels (Anguilla japonica) reared at six culture farms in the vicinity of Yoˇsu city were investigated under the conditions of 22.0∼29℃, 4.33∼7.33ppm of D.O., pH 6.1∼8.2 and 0.03∼10.1ppm of nitrite from December, 1989 to June, 1990. All of the eels showed no any abnormal state in action, color and blood, but the eels reared in pH 6.0 had planty of mucus and stickiness on their body surface. Methemoglobin levels were 1.03∼9.86% of total erythrocyes in Dec. and 5.05∼25.69% in June, and poikilocyte levels were 5.8∼30.17% in Dec. and 8.67∼74.45% in June. These results indicate the fact that the water management of the culture farms was worse in summer than in winter, even though not good in winter. Hypertrophy was found in the gill, hepatic and kidney tissue of the eels in all the culture farms. In March and June, Fish of all culture farms appeared the detachment of gill lamella epithelium cells, pyknosis and sinusoids of nucleus in the hepatic tissue and hemosiderosis in the kidney tissue. The trend of increase in methemoglobin levels appeared in the fish of culture farms with high nitrite concentration, which didn`t appear equally in all the culture farms. However, in the culture farms of pH 6.0, methemoglobin and poikilocyte levels were increased independently of concentration of nitrite, and degeneration in the tissue of the gill, liver and kidney was also appeared.

담수산 양식어류의 혈액검사에 사용된 건식 자동생화학 분석기 (FUJIDRI-CHEM 3000) 의 활용 가능성

정승희 ( Sung Hee Jung ),서정수 ( Jung Soo Seo ),김진도 ( Jin Do Kim ),최혜승 ( Hye Sung Choi ),박명애 ( Myoung Ae Park ) 수산생명의학회 2011 수산생명의학회지 Vol.24 No.3

The purpose of this study was to obtain reference data of parameters for hematological health diagnosis in cultured freshwater fish and also evaluate application of automatic dry-type chemistry analyzer (FUJI DRI-CHEM 3000) used to those blood tests. A blood profile of total 200 fish for rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss), israel carp (Cyprinus carpio), tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and eel (Anguilla japonica) cultured in Inland Fisheries Research Institute of NFRDI was determined by hemoglobin (Hb) and plasma chemistry tests: total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TCHO), creatinine (CRE), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), glucose (GLU). The values of ALT, TG, LDH, ALB, TCHO, AST and ALP were outside from the minimum and/or maximum of the established detectable range of the analyzer. ALT and TG were not detectable in the range of 67%∼61.5%. LDH, ALB and TCHO were not detectable in the range of 36∼17%. AST and ALP were not detectable in the range of 5.5∼0.5%. However, the values of BUN, CRE, GLU, Hb and TP were below the detectable limits of the analyzer.

2000~2010년 우리나라 양식산 뱀장어, Anguilla japonica의 병원체 감염현황

김위식 ( Wi Sik Kim ),옥하나 ( Ha Na Ok ),김도형 ( Do Hyung Kim ),김흥윤 ( Heung Yun Kim ),오명주 ( Myung Joo Oh ) 수산생명의학회 2011 수산생명의학회지 Vol.24 No.3

Disease survey was conducted to investigate the cause of high mortality in 23 farms of eel, Anguilla japonica, during the period from 2000 to 2010. Seven kinds of fish pathogens were confirmed in the tested fish, which included: Pseudodactylogyrus sp. (infection rate: 65.5%, 19/29 samples), aquabirnavirus (ABV, 62.5%, 15/24 samples), Edwardsiella sp. (44%, 11/25 samples), anguillid herpesvirus 1 (AngHV1, 16.7%, 2/12 samples), Heterosporis sp. (10.3%, 3/29 samples), Vibrio sp. (8%, 2/25 samples), Trichodina sp. (3.4%, 1/29 samples). The rate of single infection was 44.8% (13/29 samples), while 62.1% (18/29 samples) showed mixed type of infection with 2 to 5 different pathogens. The most predominant mixed infection were Pseudodactylogyrus sp.-Edwardsiella sp. (10.3%, 3/29 samples), Pseudodactylogyrus sp.-ABV (10.3%, 3/29 samples), Edwardsiella sp.-ABV (6.9%, 2/29 samples). Infection by the above infectious parasites, bacteria and virus was confirmed in tested eels of juvenile to adult sizes that were cultured at 25-30℃ in almost the examined farms.

저수온기 양식 조피볼락, Sebastes schlegeli 간에 대한 조직병리학적 연구

최혜승 ( Hye Sung Choi ),허민도 ( Min Do Huh ),이무근 ( Mu Kun Lee ),최희정 ( Hee Jung Choi ),박명애 ( Myung Ae Park ) 수산생명의학회 2011 수산생명의학회지 Vol.24 No.3

This study was aimed to determine the fish physical status according to the gross and histopathological findings of liver in cultured black rock fish, Sebastes schlegeli. All 47 fish submitted had no marked abnormalities in the external findings. 42.55% of fish showed normal liver, 25.53% yellow liver, 25.53% atrophic brown liver, 4.26% yellowish-green liver and 2.13% fatty liver in gross examination. Grossly normal liver showed no remarkable change in lobular structure but many vacuoles were found in hepatic cell. Hepatic cells took normal roundish, polygonal shapes containing spherical nuclei. In group of yellow-brown liver, many brown pigments were seen in hepatic cells, MMCs and brown-colored hyaline droplets within cytoplasm of hepatocytes. Yellowish green pigments were seen in hepatic cells and MMCs of yellow green liver and green colored hyaline droplets within hepatocytes. The dilated central veins are highlighted with atrophy of hepatic cells. Outline of atrophic hepatocyte became ambiguous and nucleus frequently become small and pyknotic. Fatty liver showed prominent vacuolar structures in cells as clear spaces or foamy cytoplasm with degenerative nuclei. From these results, it was strongly suggested that hepatic gross and histological findings could be used as important and critical health parameters of fish prior to progression to substantial manifestation as clinical disease.

자연산 문치가자미, Pleuronectes yokohamae 피부의 육아종

박정준 ( Jung Jun Park ),변주영 ( Ju Young Byoun ),최혜승 ( Hye Sung Choi ),박명애 ( Myoung Ae Park ),권문경 ( Mun Gyeong Kwon ),김석렬 ( Seok Ryel Kim ) 수산생명의학회 2011 수산생명의학회지 Vol.24 No.3

Among wild marbled sole, Pleuronectes yokohamae caught in west coastal area, Chungnam, tumor-bearing fish were found. Parasites and pathogenic bacteria were not detected and CPE was not observed. Using the light microscope, the epidermal layer of wild P. yokohamae was significantly thickened compared to the normal skin. The lesion was formed papillary folds. Hypertropical epithelial cells revealed karyolysis, marked nucleolus and cloud swelled cytoplasm. In the epidermal layer of the lesion, X-cell that is characterized by oval and small pale nucleus and prominent nucleolus was observed. Dermal layer had newly formed vessels. The size of mucous cell in the papilloma lesion was significantly increased compared to the normal. In this study, no pathogens were found, so future works for finding cause of the papilloma in the P. yokohamae are needed.

주사전자현미경을 이용한 거머리, Limnotrachelobdella sinensis 감염붕어, Carassius auratus의 조직병리학적 관찰

박정준 ( Jung Jun Park ),변주영 ( Ju Young Byoun ),김정호 ( Jung Ho Kim ),최혜승 ( Hye Sung Choi ),박명애 ( Myoung Ae Park ),김석렬 ( Seok Ryel Kim ) 수산생명의학회 2011 수산생명의학회지 Vol.24 No.3

All of the crucian carp, Carassius auratus and 50% of common carp. Cyprinus carpio examined in this study were infected with the leeches, Limnotrachelobdella sinensis. Especially, the infection of C. carpio with L. sinensis was the first report in Korea. The gill of C. auratus showed increased hydrophic degeneration of epithelial cell in the filament, blood congestion, hyperplasia of epithelial cell in the filament and lamellae. In the SEM observation, gill filament was transformed to the cylinder form by the lamellae fusion. The lamellae surface showed degeneration, fragmentation of microridges. The extracellular cartilaginous matrix of the filaments was exposed by the collapse of epidermal layer. In the 18S rRNA analysis of L. sinensis, the relationships among these groups are not clear and not concord with their morphological classification.

통영산 물렁증 멍게 피막의 편모충 감염

신윤경 ( Yun Kyung Shin ),김현중 ( Hyoun Joong Kim ),박경일 ( Kyung Il Park ),최민순 ( Min Soon Choi ),전제천 ( Je Cheon Jun ),김응오 ( Eung Oh Kim ) 수산생명의학회 2011 수산생명의학회지 Vol.24 No.3

The edible ascidian Halocynthia roretzi is a commercially important fisheries resource in Korea. However, for the last several years, outbreaks of mass mortalities of the species have been occurring along the south and east coasts of Korea, where most ascidians are produced. Although it is known that tunic-softness syndrome is associated with these mortality events, the agent causing the syndrome has not yet been confirmed. To determine the agent causing tunic-softness syndrome, healthy and diseased ascidians were collected in March 2011 from Tongyeong, on the south coast of Korea, and were used for biological and pathological investigations. The results showed that diseased ascidians exhibited remarkably reduced body fluid, fatness index, and tunic index compared with healthy specimens. Interestingly, bi-flagellated protozoans were observed specifically in the tissue imprints and tunic cultures of diseased ascidians at an occurrence rate of 97.5%. Histological observation showed that the thickness of the tunics of diseased ascidians was reduced by half, and irregular structure and breakdown of the tunic fiber bundles were observed. In particular, flagellate-like cells were observed in the diseased ascidians. Our study clearly shows that bi-flagellated protists are present only in the softened ascidians, suggesting that the flagellates are partly or entirely associated with soft-tunic syndrome. Accordingly, further investigations to verify the effects of the flagellates found in the present study on soft-tunic syndrome should be conducted.

Efficacy of a vaccine against Streptococcus parauberis infection in starry flounder Platichthys stellatus Pallas

( Deok Chan Lee ),( Jae Il Lee ),( Do Hyung Kim ),( Mi Young Cho ),( Jin Woo Kim ) 수산생명의학회 2011 수산생명의학회지 Vol.24 No.3

Starry flounder, which are recently increasingly cultured in Korea, are known to highly vulnerable to Streptococcus parauberis infection. Five groups of starry flounder (n=30 for each group) were vaccinated with S. parauberis formalin-killed whole cells by intraperitoneal injection at a final concentration of 0, 0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10 mg fish-1. Specific antibody production of 1 and 10 mg fish-1 administered groups significantly increased at four weeks post immunization. All vaccinated groups showed higher survival rates than a control group when five groups of fish were challenged with S. parauberis at a dose of 1.14×104 cfu fish-1 and 1.14×102 cfu fish-1, respectively. In particular, 0.1 or higher concentrations of formalin killed bacterial cells are able to confer the fish high protection against S. parauberis infection.

미꾸라지, Misgurnus mizolepis의 지느러미에 기생한 포자충, Thelohanellus misgurni (Kudo, 1919)에 관하여

권세련 ( Se Ryun Kwon ),김형준 ( Hyoung Jun Kim ) 수산생명의학회 2011 수산생명의학회지 Vol.24 No.2

On September in 2010, myxosporidian parasites were found on the fins of Chinese muddy loach, Misgurnus mizolepis. Several cysts of approximately 2 mm diameter were observed on the fins. Numerous spores were found in the cyst. The total length of the spore was 13.0 to 15.8 ㎛, and the width of spore was 6.0 to 7.5 ㎛. As the results, the myxosporidians were finally identified as Thelohanellus misgurni (Kudo, 1919) on the basis of the presence of characteristic cysts and size of spores.

자연산 점몰개, Squalidus multimaculatus Hosoya et Jeon의 새인두흡충, Clinostomum complanatum (Rudolphi, 1814) 감염

박명애 ( Myoung Ae Park ),서정수 ( Jung Soo Seo ),정승희 ( Sung Hee Jung ),최희정 ( Hee Jung Choi ),전은지 ( Eun Ji Jeon ),지보영 ( Bo Young Jee ),이완옥 ( Wan-ok Lee ),우승호 ( Sung Ho Woo ),이은혜 ( Eun Hye Lee ) 수산생명의학회 2011 수산생명의학회지 Vol.24 No.2

The metacercariae of Clinostomum complanatum (Rudolphi, 1814) were isolated in the whole body muscle of wild freshwater fish, spotted barbel gudgeon (Squalidus multimaculatus Hosoya et Jeon) from the local river in Yeongdeok, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea. The infected fish with bumpy body surface by yellow grub showed erratic swimming behavior and some fish were died. The isolated excysted metacercariae were tongue shaped and 2.85~5.89 mm × 0.8~1.99 mm in size. 1~98 metacercariae were isolated in individual fish and mean infection intensity was 25. All examined adult spotted barbel gudgeon sizing 7 cm in body length were infected. This is the first report of disease outbreak and mortality caused by C. complanatum infection in wild freshwater fish in Korea.