AI융합교육 및 교육데이터사이언스전공 특수대학원 석사과정 경험에 대한 내러티브 탐구

이준건 동국대학교 교육서비스과학대학원 2025 국내석사

이 연구는 AI융합교육 및 교육데이터사이언스전공 특수대학원 석사과정 학습 경험을 내러티브 탐구 방법을 통해 분석한 질적 연구이다. 이를 위해 서론에서 연구자의 자서전적 내러티브를 기술하였고, AI융합교육전공 3명과 교육데이터사이언스전공 2명을 대상으로 심층 면담을 진행하였으며 면담 자료는 내러티브 탐구 방법론에 따라 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 연구에 참여한 연구참여자들이 특수대학원에 진학한 이유로는 직무 전문성 강화와 새로운 도전에 대한 필요성이 가장 큰 요인으로 나타났다. 연구참여자들은 석사과정을 통해 여러 가지를 경험하였는데, 먼저 융합 교육과정에서 AI와 데이터사이언스를 학습하는 것에 성취감을 느끼는 한편 전공 정체성에 혼란을 겪기도 하였다. 또, 비대면 학습을 통해 시공간의 제약을 넘는 학습 경험을 하였으나 소속감 및 소통 부족으로 아쉬움을 느끼기도 하였다. 일부 연구참여자들은 특수대학원 졸업 후 배운 지식을 실제 직무에 활용하거나 커리어를 확장하기도 하였으나, 다른 연구참여자들은 실무 적용 과정에서 한계를 느꼈다고 답하였다. 결과적으로 연구참여자들은 직무 전문성을 증진하고자 특수대학원에 진학하였으며, 특히 데이터 중심적 사고 능력과 같은 문제 해결 능력을 길러 빠른 기술 변화에 대응하길 원한다는 사실을 알 수 있었다. 연구 결과를 바탕으로 AI융합교육 및 교육데이터사이언스전공의 개선방안을 제안하였다. 두 전공은 모두 문제 해결 능력 신장을 통해 전문성을 개발하고, 데이터와 관련 있는 교과목을 보강해야 한다. 또한 교육데이터의 대상 범위를 확대해야 하고, 비대면 학습 및 인적 네트워크 확장을 위해 학사를 운영할 필요가 있다. This study is a qualitative research that explores the learning experiences of master’s graduates in the special graduated schools in AI Convergence Education and Educational Data Science through a narrative inquiry method. In the introduction, the researcher's autobiographical narrative is provided, and in-depth interviews were conducted with three graduates who majored in AI Convergence Education and two who majored in Educational Data Science. The interview data were then analyzed using the narrative inquiry methodology. The findings revealed that the main motivations for participants enrolling in the special graduated schools were to strengthen their professional expertise and pursue new challenges. Throughout the master’s degree program, participants experienced a sense of accomplishment in engaging with AI and data science in an interdisciplinary curriculum, yet they also encountered confusion regarding their academic identity. They experienced a flexible learning environment through online formats that overcame traditional time and location constraints. However, they also expressed disappointment due to a lack of belonging and limited communication. Some participants applied the knowledge gained in the program to their professional work or pursued new challenges to advance their careers, while others faced limitations when attempting practical application. As a result, the study highlights that participants enrolled in the program to enhance their professional competencies and develop problem-solving skills, such as data-driven thinking, to adapt to rapid technological changes. Based on these findings, this study proposes recommendations for improving the AI Convergence Education and Educational Data Science programs. Both programs should focus on fostering problem-solving skills to advance expertise and reinforce courses related to data. Additionally, they should expand the scope of educational data, strengthen remote learning opportunities, and create avenues for networking to better support future students.

IMU센서 기반의 디지털 페그보드를 활용한 아동의 연령별 양손 협응 발달의 특성 차이

이준희 동국대학교 교육서비스과학대학원 2024 국내석사

본 연구는 IMU기반의 디지털 페그보드를 활용하여 정상 발달 아동을 대상으로 연령별 양손 협응의 발달 특성 차이에 대해 분석하였다. 총 30명의 대상자를 모집하였으며, 미취학아동 그룹(n=15)과 취학아동 그룹(n=15)으로 나누어 연령별 양손 협응의 발달 차이에 대한 연구를 진행하였다. 연구에서는 반응시간, 수행시간, 평균 속도를 분석하였으며, 연구 결과 미취학아동 그룹은 양손 협응 능력이 아직 완전히 발달하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 미취학아동 그룹의 경우 반응시간에서 양손을 동시에 수행하는 모습을 보였으나 취학아동 그룹에 비해 각 손의 움직임을 정확하게 조절하는 데 있어 어려움을 보이며, 이는 수행 시간의 동시성 차이 증가로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 취학아동과 비교했을 때 미취학 아동의 양손 협응 능력이 발달 중에 있음을 시사한다. 또한, 평가에 ICT 기술을 활용하여 ICT 기술의 적용 가능성을 제시한다. 이는 임상 환경에서 손 기능 평가의 효율성을 증진 시킬 뿐만 아니라, 아동 수행 능력 및 발달에 대한 자세한 정보를 제공할 것으로 기대된다. This study analyzed the differences in the developmental characteristics of bimanual coordination by age for children with normal development using an IMU-based digital pegboard. A total of 30 subjects were recruited, and a study on the differences in the development of bimanual coordination by age was conducted by dividing them into a preschooler group (n=15) and a school-aged group (n=15). In the study, reaction time, performance time, and average speed were analyzed, and as a result of the study, it was found that the preschooler group had not yet fully developed the ability to perform bimanual coordination. In the case of the preschooler group, it showed that they performed both hands at the same time in reaction time, but it was difficult to accurately control the movement of each hand compared to the school-aged group, which resulted in an increase in the difference in simultaneity of performance time. These results suggest that preschoolers' ability to coordinate with both hands is in development compared to school-aged children. In addition, the applicability of ICT technology to the evaluation is presented by using ICT technology. This is expected to not only improve the efficiency of hand function evaluation in a clinical environment, but also provide detailed information on child performance ability and development.

시리아 난민 아동교육을 위한 에듀테크 도입 사례 연구 : 현지화와 교수-학습 실행을 중심으로

김희진 동국대학교 교육서비스과학대학원 2024 국내석사

본 연구는 레바논 내 시리아 난민교육 현장에 기술을 활용한 스마트학습환경을 도입하고 이 경험에 대한 의미를 탐색하고자 사례 연구를 수행하였다. 이를 위해 레바논 내 자흘레(Zahle)지역에 위치한 1개 교육센터에 재학 중인 시리아 난민 11명을 연구 참여자로 선정하였다. 본 연구에서는 에듀테크 기술인 스마일 교육시스템을 활용하여 난민교육 현장에 스마트 학습환경을 도입하고 이를 13개월간(2022년 8월 ~ 2023년 9월) 관리 및 관찰하였다. 이를 연구한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 기술이 난민 아동의 교육을 지원하기 위해서는 기술과 교육적 개입이 현지 맥락에 맞게 설계되어야 한다. 둘째, 스마트 학습환경 도입 시 교사와 학습자를 설계 과정에 참여하도록 해야 현지에 적합한 학습환경을 구축할 수 있다. 셋째, 스마트 학습환경 도입 시 필수로 고려야할 현지화, 교수학습 실행, 교육콘텐츠 보급, 참여 개입 네 가지 절차를 도출 할 수 있었으며 이는, 교육이 지속적으로 수행될 수 있는 기반을 의미한다. 본 연구는 난민교육 현장에서 스마트 학습환경을 도입한 경험과 도출된 결과를 통해 난민교육에 대한 새로운 관점을 갖도록 요구한다. This study conducted a case study to explore the implications introducing edtech in the Syrian refugee education field in Lebanon. To do so, we selected 11 Syrian refugees enrolled in an educational center in the Zahle region of Lebanon as participants for the study. In this study, we introduced a smart learning environment at a refugee education site using the Smile Education System, an edtech technology, and managed and observed it for 13 months (August 2022 ~ September 2023). Here are the results of our research First, for technology to support the education of refugee children, technology and educational interventions must be designed to fit the local context. Second, when introducing smart learning environments, teachers and learners should be involved in the design process to ensure that the learning environment is locally relevant. Third, i found four procedures that should be considered for handwriting when introducing a smart learning environment, which laid the foundation for continuous education. This study calls for a new perspective on refugee education through the experience of introducing smart learning environments in the field of refugee education and the results obtained.

디지털 기반으로 수집된 TVMS-R(시각운동평가) 자동채점을 위한 딥러닝 모델 개발

강수라 동국대학교 교육서비스과학대학원 2024 국내석사

본 연구는 IMAGENET 데이터를 사전학습한 CNN기반 ResNet-18모델에 태블릿 기반으로 TVMS-R 수집한 데이터를 토대로 딥러닝 모델에 전이학습을 진행하여 TVMS-R 자동채점 가능 여부에 대해 탐구하고자 하였다. 또한, 딥러닝된 모델에 발달성협응장애 성인 및 발달성협응장애 아동의 데이터를 적용하여 모델 성능을 확인함으로써 임상 활용 가능성(Clinical feasibility)을 검증하고자 하였다. 본 연구에서는 정상 성인 5명을 대상으로 인위적인 정답/오답 데이터를 수집하여 인공지능 학습을 위한 데이터를 수집하였다. IMAGENET을 사전학습한 CNN기반 ResNet-18 모델에 태블릿 기반으로 수집한 TVMS-R 데이터를 적용하여 이진분류 및 다중분류를 진행하였다. 또한, 이에 대한 임상유용성을 확인하기 위해 발달성협응장애 아동 및 성인 총 10명의 데이터를 적용하여 3명의 작업치료 전문가와의 채점 결과 비교를 진행하였다. IMAGENET을 사전학습한 CNN기반 ResNet-18 모델에 태블릿 기반으로 수집한 TVMS-R 데이터를 적용하여 이진분류(Binary Classification)을 진행한 결과 평균 98.38%의 높은 정확도를 보였다. 23개 중 9개의 항목에서 100%의 정확도를 보였으며, 가장 낮은 정확도는 94.44%였다. 또한, TVMS-R의 세부 오류 항목을 각각 라벨링하여 적용하여 다중분류(Multiclass Classification)를 진행한 결과 평균 85.01%의 높은 정확도를 보였다. 23개의 도형 중 1개의 도형이 100% 정확도를 보였으며, 가장 낮은 정확도는 78.00%였다. 본 연구에서 학습된 모델의 임상유용성을 검증하기 위해 발달성협응장애 임상데이터를 적용하여 3명의 작업치료 전문가와의 급내상관계수를 확인한 결과 통계적으로 유의미하지 않은 결과를 보였다. 마지막으로, 전문가가 진행할 때 평균 7분 40초가 소요되는 TVMS-R 채점을 ResNet-18의 경우 4.98초가 소요되는 것으로 나타났다. 태블릿 기반의 시지각 평가는 디지털 기반으로 데이터를 수집하여 데이터를 용이하게 누적할 수 있다는 장점이 있다. 또한, CNN기반의 머신러닝 기술을 접목하여 자동채점을 진행하는 것은 전문가가 채점에 소요하는 시간과 노동을 줄이고 이를 환자에게 더욱 질 높은 치료를 제공하는 데 사용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 향후 디지털 기반의 빅데이터를 구축하고, 새롭게 개발되는 머신러닝 기술들을 접목함으로써 임상에서 보다 유용하게 최신 기술들을 보조도구로 사용할 수 있기를 기대한다. This study aimed to explore the possibility of automatic scoring of TVMS-R by applying transfer learning to a deep learning model based on tablet-based TVMS-R collected data to a CNN-based ResNet-18 model pre-trained on IMAGENET data. In addition, we aimed to verify the clinical feasibility by applying data of adults with developmental coordination disorder and children with developmental coordination disorder to the deeply learned model to check the model performance. First of all, in this study, we collected data for AI training by collecting artificial right/wrong answer data from five normal adults. The CNN-based ResNet-18 model pre-trained with IMAGENET was applied to the tablet-based TVMS-R data to perform binary and multiple classification. In addition, to check the clinical utility of this method, data from 10 children and adults with developmental coordination disorder were applied to compare the scoring results with 3 occupational therapy experts. The CNN-based ResNet-18 model pre-trained with IMAGENET was applied to the tablet-based TVMS-R data for binary classification, and the average accuracy was 98.38%.Nine out of 23 items showed 100% accuracy, and the lowest accuracy was 94.44%. In addition, Multiclass Classification was performed by labeling and applying the detailed error items of TVMS-R, and the average accuracy was 85.01%. One shape out of 23 shapes showed 100% accuracy, and the lowest accuracy was 78.00%. To verify the clinical utility of the model learned in this study, we applied clinical data of developmental coordination disorder to check the intraclass correlation coefficient with three occupational therapy experts, and the results were not statistically significant. Finally, the results showed that TVMS-R scoring, which takes more than 10 minutes on average when performed by an expert, can be completed in about 5 seconds with ResNet-18. Tablet-based visual perception assessment has the advantage of collecting data digitally, making it easy to accumulate data. In addition, automatic scoring by incorporating CNN-based machine learning technology is expected to reduce the time and labor spent by experts on scoring and use it to provide higher quality treatment to patients. In the future, by building digital big data and incorporating newly developed machine learning technologies, we expect to be able to use the latest technologies more usefully in clinical practice as auxiliary tools.

고령인의 산림치유 참여 활성화를 위한 산림치유 프로그램 적용방향 연구

신철웅 동국대학교 교육서비스과학대학원 2024 국내석사

오늘날 대한민국 사회는 발전한 의료 서비스와 선진화된 생활 환경으로 인한 고령인구의 증가, 그리고 청년층의 저출산 문제 등으로 고령화되고 있다. 고령인구의 정신건강 증진을 위한 치유 방법 중 자연치유 중 하나인 산림치유 활동은 노인들이 자연 속에서 시간을 보내면서 기분이 좋아지며, 신체를 건강하게 유지하고 질병을 예방하는 데 도움이 된다고 한다. 이번 연구는 고령층의 산림치유 프로그램 수요증가에 대응하기 위해 산림치유 분야 전문가를 대상으로 고령층이 참여하기에 가장 적절한 산림 치유프로그램을 선정하고 기존 산림치유 프로그램의 한계점 분석 및 해결방안을 모색하여 우리나라 고령층에 적용 가능한 산림치유 프로그램 도출과 개선방안 마련을 연구의 목적으로 하였다. 델파이 설문 결과에 참여한 전문가들은 운동요법이 가장 고령자에게 적합한 프로그램이라 합의하였으며, 식물요법과 정신요법 등도 고령자에게 적합한 프로그램이라 선택하였다. 중요한 세부 프로그램은 식물요법에서는 산림욕, 물 요법에서는 족욕, 식이요법에서는 영양요법, 운동요법에서는 산림욕 체조, 기후요법에서는 숲속 일광욕 정신요법에서는 산림 명상을 우선순위로 선택하였다. 고령자의 특성과 대한민국의 산림치유 여건에서 따라 주로 동적인 활동보다는 산림을 그대로 이용하는 치유프로그램으로 합의가 도출되었다. 전문가들은 고령층을 위한 예산 부족과 프로그램을 실행할 전문적인 인력 부족 접근성 등을 주요 문제점으로 지적하였다. 전문가들이 제시한 산림치유 프로그램 중 고령층에게 가장 필요한 영역의 산림 치유프로그램은 운동영역이며 맨발 걷기 및 산림욕 체조를 중심으로 프로그램 개발이 필요하다. 이러한 고령층을 위한 산림 치유프로그램을 개선하려면 산림 치유시설에 대한 접근성을 확보하고, 당국의 행정적, 재정적 지원도 확보하여야 한다. In this study, we analyzed the domestic elderly population, analyzed the increasing demand for domestic forest healing, studied the relationship between the forest healing program presented by the Korea Forest Service and the emotional and physical health of the elderly through a literature review, and studied the forest healing program for the elderly. We attempted to identify problems and derive improvement directions by surveying experts through the Delphi technique. In order to respond to the increasing demand for forest healing programs among the elderly, this study selected experts in the field of forest healing to select the most appropriate forest healing programs for the elderly to participate in, and analyzed the limitations of existing forest healing programs and sought solutions to provide them to the elderly in Korea. The purpose of the study was to derive an applicable forest healing program and prepare improvement measures. Through a literature review and Delphi technique, the conclusions of this study on the direction of improvement of forest healing programs to promote participation in forest healing among the elderly are as follows. First, it costs more to maintain the health of the elderly. In order to reduce these social costs, we must predict the potential demand of the elderly for forest healing using nature and forests and increase financial and administrative support. Second, among the forest healing programs presented by experts, the area most needed by the elderly is the exercise area, and it is necessary to develop programs focusing on barefoot walking and forest bathing exercises. Third, in order to improve forest healing programs for the elderly, accessibility to forest healing facilities must be secured, and administrative and financial support from authorities must also be secured. If it is difficult to organize the Forest Service's own budget, there is also a plan to utilize it by linking the long-term care insurance or elderly care budget.

사회성 및 협동수행력 평가척도(Social and Cooperative Performance Scale, SCP Scale)개발과 적용가능성 탐색 : VR기반 협동게임 적용사례 중심으로 : Focusing on VR-based cooperative game application

박주연 동국대학교 교육서비스과학대학원 2024 국내석사

본 연구는 기존의 사회성 평가도구가 지닌 한계점을 보완하고 간단한 선별도구로써 활용될 수 있는 사회성 및 협동수행력 평가척도를 개발하고자 하였으며 이를 가상현실 기반 협동게임을 통해 그 타당도와 신뢰도를 검증하고자 하였다. 본 연구에서는 문헌 고찰을 통해 사회성 구성개념을 선별하고 사회성 및 협동수행력 평가를 확립하였다. 내용 타당도 검증을 위하여 전문가 패널을 구성하여 2차에 걸쳐 델파이 조사를 시행하였다. 이후 개발된 사회성 및 협동수행력 평가의 타당도와 신뢰도 검증을 위하여 판별타당도와 검사자 간 신뢰도를 알아보았다. 판별타당도 검증을 위해 정상 발달 아동 30명을 모집하여 부모나 교사에게 사회성 및 협동수행력을 인터뷰하고 사회성 높은 그룹과 낮은 그룹으로 나눈 뒤 개발된 사회성 및 협동수행력 평가척도 결과를 그룹별로 평균 비교 분석을 시행하였다. 신뢰도 검증을 위해 관련 경력 작업치료사와 연구자가 정상 발달 아동 30명을 대상으로 사회성 및 협동수행력 평가척도를 기준으로 평가하여 점수 비교를 통해 신뢰도를 검증하고자 하였다. 연구 결과 개발된 사회성 및 협동수행력 평가척도는 사회성 기술 9문항과 협동수행력 1문항으로 구성되었다. 세부 평가항목으로는 시작과 끝맺음, 언어적 발화, 비언어적 표현 생성, 의사 표현, 감정표현, 감정수용 및 반응, 질문과 반응, 상호대화간 시간 적절성, 상호작용의 조정 및 적응, 협동수행력의 질로 구성되었다. 델파이 조사 결과 모든 항목이 CVR .42 이상으로 나타났다. 사회성이 높은 그룹과 낮은 그룹을 비교하였을 때 개발한 사회성 및 협동수행력 평가척도 결과가 통계적으로 유의미한 것으로 나타났다(p=0.05). 검사자 간 신뢰도는 사회성이 981, 협동수행력이 987로 높은 신뢰도가 나타났다. 아동의 사회성의 중요성을 고려할 때 사회성과 협동수행력을 같이 측정할 수 있는 도구를 개발하고 보급할 수 있도록 하는 노력은 앞으로도 지속될 필요가 있다. 교사나 부모 또는 기관에서 아동을 접하는 전문가들은 아동의 사회성과 협동수행력을 문제가 될 수 있는 아동을 초기에 선별하여 아동에게 긍정적인 사회성을 형성할 수 있도록 할 필요가 있다. 자연스러운 맥락에서 전문가가 평가하고, 사회성을 기능적인 측면과 협동수행력을 같이 평가하는 척도가 부재한 실정이기에 본 연구는 국내 학계와 현장에서 유용하게 사용될 수 있는 도구를 개발하였다는데에 의의를 두고 아동의 사회성 및 협동수행력을 선별하기 위한 정보로서 유용한 역할을 할 것으로 기대한다. This study aimed to develop a social and cooperative performance scale that can be used as a simple screening tool to compensate for the limitations of existing social assessment tools and to verify its validity and reliability through a virtual reality-based cooperative game. In this study, we selected socialization concepts through literature review and established a socialization and cooperative performance assessment instrument. To verify content validity, a panel of experts was organized and a Delphi survey was conducted in two rounds. To verify the validity and reliability of the developed Social and Cooperative Performance Scale (SCP Scale), we examined its discriminant validity and interrater reliability. Thirty normal developing children were recruited for the discriminant validity study. Parents or teachers were interviewed about the degree of socialization and cooperative performance, and based on the results, the children were divided into high and low socialization groups, and the results of the SCP Scale were analyzed by comparing the means of each group. To verify the reliability, an experienced occupational therapist and a researcher evaluated the SCP Scale for 30 normal developing children and compared the scores between the examiners to verify the reliability. The socialization and cooperative performance scale developed as a result of the Delphi study consisted of nine social skills and one cooperative performance item. The items included initiation and closure, verbal utterances, nonverbal expression generation, communication, emotional expression, emotional acceptance and response, questioning and response, timeliness of interactions, coordination and adaptation of interactions, and quality of cooperative performance. The scoring scale is a 5-point scale. The validity of the assessment items was verified by a Delphi study, with all items having a CVR of .42 or higher. The comparison of the results of the Socialization and Cooperative Performance Scale (SCP Scale) between the high and low socialization groups was statistically significant. Inter-rater reliability was found to be high with intraclass correlation coefficients of .977 for socialization and .981 for cooperative performance. Given the importance of social skills in children, efforts to develop and disseminate tools that can measure both social skills and cooperative performance should be continued. Teachers, parents, and other professionals who interact with children in organizations need to be able to identify children at risk for social and cooperative problems early on so that they can help them develop positive social skills. As there is a lack of a scale that can be assessed by professionals in natural contexts and that evaluates both functional and cooperative social skills, this study has developed a tool that can be used in Korean academia and in the field, and is expected to play a useful role as information for screening children's social and cooperative performance.

사원 별지화에 관한 연구 : - 본인 작품 중심으로 -

홍관식 동국대학교 불교문화대학원 2021 국내석사

'Byeoljihwa' uses a variety of materials such as sinsu(physical sesation received through the senses), animals, natural objects, and religious contents. It is believed to prevent supernatural forces or natural disasters, and lead the well-being and affluent life of this world and the future. This is in line with the ancient religious art. Prehistoric art largely deals with animals as its theme, and it demonstrates a realistic, and at the same time abstract expression. The fact that many animals are described on the walls of caves which are difficult to be found by humans shows people’s wish for a successful hunt and a prosperous life. Caves might have been chosen because they are thought as sacred places and the murals would have been painted with magical rituals. Ancient tombs dating back to the era of the Three States contain various paintings of Sashin, Bicheon and landscapes on their walls or ceilings; today, it has established itself as it has appeared in more diverse forms with religious symbolism. In this way, Byeoljihwa refers to the decorative paintings on Dancheong expressed as separate designs, colored pictures, or ink-and-wash(black-and-white) drawings which illustrate mountains and water, flowers and birds, animals, and celestial people. ‘Byeoljihwa’ is painted in areas with wide margins, such as in the middle of wooden materials or walls of a wooden structure with Dancheong. However, it involves not only a decorative meaning to fill the empty space, but also an instructive and narrative meaning. The materials of ‘Byeoljihwa’ include 1) auspicious animals such as dragons, phoenixes, giraffes, lions, turtles, 2) portraits of Buddha, Bodhisattvas, Nahan, and Bicheon, 3) plants such as lotus flowers, peonies, and sagunjas, and 4) scenes depicting the contents of Buddhist scriptures. The style of ‘Byeoljihwa’ in Dancheong displays its own originality and specificity. The coloring technique is not limited to Byeoljihwa of temples, but unlike Dancheong, which is uniformly painted at a designated location, ‘Byeoljihwa’ uses various painting techniques that have been traditionally used. Byeoljihwa has changed its form along with Korean history; the subject matter of Byeoljihwa has varied and it has reflected the local culture and spirit of the times. Byeoljihwa is not just a practical art limited to wooden architecture but a creative and new genre of formative arts which inherit the traditional designs, mateirals, and painting techniques. So far, the followings have been covered in this study : 1) types of Byeoljihwa from ancient times to this day and 2) the original expression of Byeoljihwa in wooden architecture. This study has categorized a variety of Byeoljihwa; in addition, rearrangement of the newly adapted drafts of Byeoljihwa has been conducted so as to specify the diversity and decorative nature of Byeoljihwa. This study identifies the types and contents of Byeoljihwa, one of the various artistic cultures that has succeeded to traditional Korean culture. I, as a researcher of this field, sincerely hope that various forms and meanings of Byeoljihwa could be conveyd to the next generation.

양산향교와 춘추원사의 풍수입지와 공간구성에 관한 연구

김남기 동국대학교 불교문화대학원 2024 국내석사

Examining suitable land for human habitation essentially involves studying the local wind (Feng) and water (Shui). To analyze these elements, one must observe the surrounding mountains, rivers, and other geographical features. Thus, analyzing the terrain of mountains and water to accurately locate auspicious locations is the core objective of Feng Shui The primary purpose of this study is to study whether the locations of Yangsanhyanggyo and Chunchuwonsa align with auspicious locations as per Feng Shui geography. This involves examining the Feng Shui characteristics of their locations and the spatial arrangement of their buildings to see if they align with Feng Shui geographic theories of Yong (龍: Dragon), Hyeol (穴: Vein), Sa (砂: Sand), Su (水: Water), and Hyang (向: Direction). The research findings are as follows. An analysis of the mountainous terrain shows that Gajisan-Sinbulsan-Yeongchuksan-Seonamsan are considered the primary mountains, connecting Baekdudaegan and Nakdongjeongmaek. Examining the Yong’s terrain, it appears that after gestation (Ing, 孕) at Hyeonmubong (玄武峰: Black Tortoise Peak), Yongmaek (龍脈: Dragon Vein) extends from behind the Hyanggyo, forming Hyeoljang (穴場: a powerful energy field). In the analysis of Sasinsa (四神思: Four Guardians), Cheongryong (靑龍: Blue Dragon), splitting as Naecheongryong (內靑龍: Inner Blue Dragon) from Hyeonmubong, possesses a very strong energy. The end of Cheongyong, resembling a dragon ascending skyward, forms a prominent shape (currently Chunchu Park), which is considered the ideal configuration for educational institutions. Baekho (白虎: White Tiger), both Naebaekho (內白虎: Inner White Tiger) and Oebaekho (外白虎: Outer White Tiger), seems not to perform its role of Jangpung (藏風: wind blocking) effectively. However, the water flow from Huihyeondong (會賢洞: Wise Men's Village) joining Yangsan Stream creates a powerful energy field, thus forming an excellent Feng Shui location for Myeongdangguk (明堂局: nurturing vitality). For Ansan (案山: Thoughtful Mountain), facing Yangsancheon (梁山 川, Yangsan Stream), the stream itself acts as Ansan, but it would have been better if it were Cheongyong Ansan (靑龍 案山). Suse (水勢: Water Element) originates from Yeongchuisan and flows through Tongdosa, merging with waters springing from Cheongseongsan (Naewonsa). This convergence with both large and small valley streams forms a major river that flows rapidly before forming a large delta (Samgakju, 三角洲) near the upper part of Hyanggyo (currently Kuku Electronics), effectively slowing down the current. This plays a crucial role in infusing vitality (Saenggi, 生氣) into the auspicious location. Additionally, the functionality of Suse is further enhanced due to the merging with Useonsoo (右旋水: right-spinning water) from the Baekho side. Finally, the analysis of Bibo (避寶: Protective Talisman) shows that a forest has been formed to the north, the Cheongyong side, to block the cold wind, effectively creating a protective shield. This holds significant meaning in this study, proving that the spatial characteristics of the existing Yangsanhyanggyo reflect the Feng Shui geographical thoughts of the ancient sages. Additionally, Chunchuwonsa, considering its locational features, serves primarily as a prayer location.

波動姓名學을 활용한 佛敎相談 考察

곽도유승 동국대학교 불교문화대학원 2022 국내석사

This study introduces the theory of wave naming as a means of Korean Buddhism, which is facing the remarkably declining religious population in recent years. Focusing on the fact that Buddhism has a unique characteristic of embracing the paradigm of the times and the culture of the region from a long time ago, this study examined whether the wave naming can be used as a medium for propagation through theoretical backgrounds and counseling cases. It can be said that the most important part of counseling is the formation of rapport between the counselor and the client. There are many necessary conditions to gain trust from the client, but above all, it can be said that the part which can read the client's current state and past experience is the most important. The swift understanding of fate of wave naming theories has the advantage of being able to grasp the client's condition in a short time and increase the understanding of the subject and the problem. Through this intuitive inferring life, when counselors gain trust from clients, counselors explain the correlation between the wave naming and the Buddhist mantra in relation to the principle of the creation of Hangeul, recommend the main practice applying Herbert Banson's relaxation therapy, and provide counseling as a Buddhist propagation. This study, firstly, starting with the origin of the naming theories, introduces the outline and principles of wave naming theories, and secondly, by examining the creation principle of Hunminjeongeum, investigates the relationship between the creation principle of Hangeul and the wave naming is investigated. Third, it examines the deep involvement of Buddhism in the creation of Hunminjeongeum, finds the connection point with the mantra, and examines the correlation between Buddhist mantras in Sanskrit and wave naming through analysis of the five elements. Finally, it surveys the positive results on the mind and body, which have been proven through the scientific interpretation of sound on mantra performance and wave naming. By studying the methods presented above with scientific theories and methods, the possibility of Buddhist counseling by applying the wave naming was considered. In addition, the possibility of propagation was examined by introducing successful counseling cases by actually applying the method. Considering the intellectual level of modern people living in the AI ​​era of the 4th industrial revolution in the 21st century and the advancement of science, the tendency to dismiss various indigenous religious forms as well as religions that are not supported by scientific logic and interpretation as superstitions seems obvious. In this reality, it is thought that the strength of the counseling technique using the wave naming can serve as a good bridge to promote Buddhism to non-religious people and people of other religions without any reluctance.. Although there is a limitation that the wave naming can only be made through counseling rather than general propaganda, it is meaningful to inform the scientific interpretation of sound through the wave statement as a medium and the effectiveness of the mantra or chant sutra based on it. In addition, it is possible to raise the status of Buddhism by preaching the doctrine that Buddhism was involved in the creation of Hangeul. For this reason, the practical value and potential of the doctrine of wave naming as a means of propagating Buddhism were highlighted.

조선시대 불화조성 방법에 관한 연구 : - 본인작품 중심으로 -

하경진 동국대학교 불교문화대학원 2022 국내석사

The origin of Buddhist paintings can be divided into before and after A.D. 2. It could be found that the Buddhist paintings before A.D. 2 were manufactured by having edifying contents, including for example, Painting of Buddhist texts, jātaka(story about the past life of Buddha), and Painting of Yaksa that were drawn in Jetavana, i.e. the first temple of India when Buddha was alive and also manufactured for vyuha and that the Buddhist paintings after A.D. 2 were created for worship simultaneously with the manufacturing of Buddhist statues. Ceiling wall paintings in the Bamiyan Stone Cave, Afghanistan, murals in the stone cave of Xinjiang Province, China, and murals in the Mogao Caves of Tunhuang, which were introduced to China by way of the western regions are precious remains showing the transition history of Buddhist paintings in each period. In our case, there were Buddhist paintings drawn by Solgeo and Damjing during the period of the three Kingdoms, which suggests that Buddhist paintings were created simultaneously with the acceptance of Buddhism during the period of the Three Kingdoms. The Buddhist paintings from the Chosun Dynasty have timely importance in the history of Korean paintings, and in the Buddhist temple during the periods of Yeongjo and Jeongjo, various kinds of Buddha, Buddhist saints, and Sinjungdan (platform for serving the god of good will) were enshrined in the platform and a group of mothers of Buddha were formed. Painting of the Vulture Peak Assembly inherited from the icon indicating the meeting where Śākyamuni preached 『The Sutra of the Lotus』 in Yeongchwisan Mountain, India. It is a representative icon of Buddhist paintings for worship. In this paper, Hanging Scroll in the Eungjindang Hall, Songgwangsa Temple created by monk Uigyeom who was worshipped as the best mother of Buddha(佛母) in Chosun Dynasty was made in a circular size (144.5×166.5) and the peeled-off part was drawn anew and modified as I intended. The work procedure can be briefly summarized as follows. First, the master artisan replicated the overall composition of the original Hanging Scroll to protect the original shape or color. Second, parallel composition with a simple form of ‘the Painting of Five Buddhist Saints’ and UIgyeom’s original drawing lines have power, softness, and elasticity and names of Buddha and Buddhist saints are manly and imposing. Third, this paper aimed to make a description focusing on baejeop(attaching), but the description was based on the findings that I discovered while creating Buddhist paintings 35 years ago because there were few researches and papers on grafting and so it was difficult to compare and analyze. Fourth, baejeop can be divided into jaengtl(frame) baejeop and Ondol baejeop. Jaengtl baejeop means the process of attaching background paper to the jaengtl, applying glue and alum, drying it, and underdrawing and attaching, whereas Ondol baejeop is an attaching method done by his teacher, monk Seokjeong, indicating baejeop that is done by weaving a board on the lumber, that is, the process of flipping the original paper, attaching the backing paper on it, drying it, flipping it again, attaching the background paper, and applying glue and alum. Fifth, the flour used for baejeop should be fermented for about 2~3 years and the background paper should be cleaned in the traditional way to remove impurities in the weaving process, dried, and ironed before use. Sixth, painting is conducted with Seokchae in order of first coating, second coating, shading off, patterning, gihwa(drawing an outer circumference line), sibun(drawing an inner circumference line), hwangseon, geumseon, and painting and the coloring ends with an eye-opening ceremony. It is later enshrined into the platform as an object of worship by holding a Buddhist ceremony of drawing eyes. This paper tried to understand the world of artworks created by monk Uigyeom in making Hanging Scroll in Eungjindang Hall, Songgwang Temple. The Buddhist paintings inherited from the epoch of the three Kingdoms have changed with the times and the Buddhist paintings wanted by people prevailed. During the Japanese occupation, the Buddhist paintings regressed and the terms used together discontinued, but later many mothers of Buddha were trying to revive the tradition. The legacy of Buddhist paintings has been carried from Geumho Yakhyo (1846~1928), my teacher Haebong Seokjeong (1928~2012), even to me. It is hoped that the Buddhist paintings as required by this time can be created.