대학입학 예비고사의 실시에 따른 학생 생활지도의 새로운 방향

김학수,이상로,이윤수,김봉소,변창진,진위교 경북대학교 학생생활연구소 1970 學生指導硏究 Vol.3 No.1

with the adoption of the preliminary examination system of college enterance as one of the most remarkable policies of the education authorities in 1968, the college as well as the secondary education of Korea has been confronted a new challenging educational problems. The final purpose of this examination system is to make further enhancement of college education in quality and it is an inevitable strategy for the extremely restored development of college education in a quantitatively chaotic increase of college students to prescribe with regulations the qualifications of applicants for college enterance. But due to the limited capacity of the college students, considerable numbers of the high school graduates disqualified have to surrender reluctantly their aspirations of college enterance for further formal education and consequently change their future planning with various frustrations. This study was undertaken to analyze and grasp the general trends of the problems or issues bestowed on students, their parents, schools and communities in accordance with the influences of college enterance examination, and to draw up a new and comprehensive guidance program to meet those challenging problems of current education reasonably. Students including high school seniors, high school graduates being at work or household, college freshmen and their parents, teachers and professors were randomly sampled and they were administered one of the eleven questionnaires to describe each one's opinions on the questions of the problems and relevant solutions with the adoption of the present examination system. The frequencies responded on every content of questions were calculated into percentages to compare one another, briefly. The main findings of this study suggest the importance of the new and comprehensive guidance programs for the educational and vocational development of high school students and follow-up services for high school graduates in secondary education. The current auditor and transfer systems holding in many colleges are recognized as one of the most crucial problems to be reformed immediately. For the appropriate accedances to the requirements of the absolute capacity of college students and reducements in learning loads on the applicants of the college enterance, the qualification system rather than the election system of present college enterance examination was expected. And the more concrete and detailed direction and its interpretations building a new guidance program to meet these educational problems were also partly suggested. In response to a basic need of our existing educational system and further development of the more comprehensive guidance programs explained above, the more realistic considerations and further study based on these findings are recommended.

Ⅴ. 大學 學生指導 Model 形成

경북대학교 학생생활연구소 경북대학교 학생생활연구소 1982 學生指導硏究 Vol.15 No.1

大學生의 修學 및 個人生活에 관한 實態調査

李潤樹,尹正倫 경북대학교 학생생활연구소 1968 學生指導硏究 Vol.1 No.1

廣範하고도 正確한 理解를 바탕으로 하는 새로운 生活措導計劃 樹立에 必要한 基礎資料를 蒐集하기 위하여 醫大를 除外한 4 個 單科大學에서 854 名의 學生을 無選標集하여 그들의 修學 및 個人生活에 관한 實態調査를 하였다. 먼저 大學, 學科, 學年別로 敎育課程을 分析, 檢討하고 그것을 土臺로 學生들이 豫習 및 復習에 所要하는 時間을 調査하였던바 週當 平均 9.49時間이고 한 科目의 講義에 利用하는 參考圖書는 平均 2.05卷이었다. 이에 비해 參考圖書를 購入하기 위하여 每月 支出하는 金額은 平均 354원이다. 大部分의 學生들은 餘暇時間을 讀書, 社交 等의 有益한 活動에 效果的으로 充當하고 있으나 14.77%의 學生이 그들의 餘暇時間에 대하여 아무런 計劃이 없다고 했다. 그리고 一般的으로 學生들은 週當 平均 8.45時間을 리크레이숀 活動을 위해, 5.25 時間을 藝能 및 情緖約 活動을 위해 消費하고 있다. 또 一般敎養을 높이기 위한 讀書는 年間 平均 8.62 券 程度이고 이를 위한 支出金額은 月 平均 245원이다. 한편 學生들의 校內 써클活動을 보면 46.9%의 學生이 이미 各種 써클에 參加하고 있고 나머지 53%의 學生 가운데서도 67.38%가 써클活動에 積極的인 關心을 表明하고 있다. 그들이 希望하는 써클의 種類는 社交約 同好的, 敎養的, 藝術的 및 奉仕的 目的을 띄운 것들이다. 大體로 修學生活과 餘暇 및 讀書活動에 었어서는 外國大學生에 비해 未治한 點이 많으니 特別한 指導計劃이 必要한 것 같다. 그러나 적어도 써클活動만은 漸次로 正常的인 發展을 하고 있는 것 같이 보인다. As A. J. Jones pointed out, many personnel workers and researchers neglected or under-estimated the importance of surveys and evaluations on the university or college students' scholastic and individuaI lives, but they have been recognized much recently. Without such an understanding of student inventory services practically we can not establish new guidance program of this university. I In this survey, we have the following aims; first, survey on the students' practices covering the leisure time, parttime loadings, recreation, study, reading, and others. Second, survey and analytical evaluation of the practices and opinions of the students including the expenses, and various extra-curricular activities, especially of the circle and club activities. Third, research the fitness and efficacy of the university and college personnel services from the standpoint of the students and analyzed the course of studies, by doing so, we hope to review and look at the more efficient way of sevices in the university. To do this study we made up the questionaire "On the scholastic and individual life in the KNU". The survey subjects were selected randomly from the KNU students. They are 143 of the Agricultural College students, 52 of the Law College, totaling 856 students. The results showed that the students have 30 voluntary reading hours for 0. 72 copy a month, an hour and half for preparation of lectures, 50 percent of the students enlisted in the circle or club, average pocked money for the student a month is 1,480 Won and 40, 65 per cent of the students work on the part-time basis making money 1,660 Won a month. And 80 per cent of the students felt the need and importance of the student guidance services. Analyzing the curriculam which students pursue after and include 32 departments, each department has 37.66 major courses and 18.59 electives in average a year. Natural science including Agricultural has more number than art and libral in major course and electives.

敎師-學生의 人間關係에 관한 一硏究

李相魯 경북대학교 학생생활연구소 1968 學生指導硏究 Vol.1 No.1

오늘날 人間關係는 비단 成人들의 日常生活 場面에서 뿐만아니라, 敎育現場에 있어서 까지도 크게 重要한 問題로 臺頭되어, 敎師一學生의 人間關係가 學生의 性格形成이나 學習效果에 影響을 미치는 基本條件으로 看做하게 된지도 이미 오래다.그래서 本 硏究는 學生들의 性格形成이나 學習效果에 미치는 人間關係의 影響力을 밝혀보기 위한 綜合的 硏究計劃의 一環으로서 敎師一學生의 人間關係에 作用하는 具體的인 力動的 諸要因을 探索하기 위하여 Tyler, L.L.가 "Q-Sort法"에 의해 分類, 再編한 敎師-學生의 人間關係 測定道具를 飜譯, 編輯하여, 男女 中高等學校·學年別로 類層標集한 710名의 調査對象에게 實施한 다음, 學生들의 反應頻度를 次 元別, 集團別로 集計하여 變量分析을 하였고, 3個 次元間의 强度와 各次元內 特性間의 序列은 白分位點數로 算出하였다.本 硏究에서 밝혀진 結果는 敎師-擧生의 人間關係를 學生側에서 볼때 接近關係와 忌避關係에 作用하는 要因은 意思疏通, 情緖的 距離, 및 地位의 3個 次元이 相互 力動的으로 作用하고, 이 3個 次元은 中高等學校에 있어 學年이나 性別에 關係없이 同一하게 作用하고 있다. 그리고 3個 次元이 敎師-學生의 人間關係에 作用하는 强度에 었어서는, 意思疏通과 情緖的 距離의 두 次元이 보다 强하게 作用하고, 地位次元의 强度는 意思疏通과 情緖的 距離의 두 次元의 50% 乃至 그 以下에 不過하였다. It is generally acknowledged that interpersonal relationship is one of the most imporant facets in educational situations as well as in the everyday life-spaces, and that the teacher-student relationship is referred to a basic determinant of the personality development and the learning effect. Accordingly, as part of a comprehensive project identifing the inclusive effects of interpersonal relationship on the personality development and the learning effect, this investigation was undertaken to ascertain the dyn amicfactors of the teacher-student relationship. The instrument used in this investigation was the revised form of the L.L. Tayler's "Q-Sort Statements" on the teacher-student relationship so that they were exactly appropriate for the teaching situations, and it was administered to 710 junior and senior high school students who were randomly sampled by the strata of school, sex and grade. The scores were calculated to represent mean of each variable, and scores for each group were statistically tested in terms of the analysis of varience to examine the differences among dimensions or groups. Also magnitudes among the three dimensions and rank-orders of traits within each dimension were computed by transforming into percentile ranks. The results of this investigation suggest that three dimensions-communication, emotional distance and status, interact dynamically on the teacher-student relationship of both approach and avoidance, and that they act on each other consistantly regardless of school, sex and grade in a case of secondary school. In respect of magnitudes among the three dimensions, the intensities of communication and emotional distance are more stronger than that of status. And it is noticed that intensity of status is less than 50% of the two dimensions'.

慶北大學校 1972年 新入生 現況分析

李明子 경북대학교 학생생활연구소 1972 學生指導硏究 Vol.5 No.1

本調査는 1972年度 新入生들의 實態를 調査·分析하여 學生들에게 보다 만족스러운 大學生活의 適應을 도와주고 綜合的인 敎育 및 生活指導 計劃에 必要한 資料를 얻고자 新入生 Orientation 期間 동안에 新入生 全員을 對象으로 그들의 入學動機와 學科選擇 및 轉科問題, 當面한 가장 切實한 個人問題, 職業觀 및 將來計劃, 앞으로의 大學生活에 關한 問題, 現在 우리 社會가 當面한 問題 等에 관련된 問題를 說問紙를 통해 調査한 後 그 結果를 反應頻度의 百分率을 算出하여 集團別로 比較分析하였다. 그 結果 (1) 大學進學의 根本理由는 將來職業을 위한 것이며 轉攻學科 選擇의 理由는 趣味와 素質에 맞아 그리고 卒業後就業 때문에 擇하였으며 新入生의 55%가 學科에 對하여 滿足하고 있으며 18%는 轉科를 希望하고 있다. (2) 大多數의 新入生이 副職을 希望하며 當面하고 있는 切實한 個人問題는 經濟的 問題, 將來 및 職業問題, 社會的 適應問題, 健康 및 身體的 問題이며 앞으로 切實한 問題를 大學의 相談敎授와 相議하기를 願하고 있다. (3) 卒業後의 計劃은 就業과 大學院進學 및 海外留學이다. (4) 新入生의 大學設計는 學業에 充實하며 人格을 硏磨하고 多樣한 大學生活을 즐기는 것이며 大學敎授들에게는 學生과의 人間的인 接觸을 가장 크게 期待하고 있다. (5) 新入生이 現在 우리國家나 社曾가 當面하고 있는 큰 問題라고 생각하고 있는 것은 첫째 國民의 精神問題이며 다음은 不正腐敗一掃 問題, 經濟問題, 國土統一 問題이다. The present survey was undertaken to grasp the freshmen' various problems, to collect basic informations about plans of synthetic education and guidance and to help satisfied adjustments of college life. During the orientation period for the freshmen in 1972, the survey was administered to all freshmen through a questionnaire method. Responded to the questionnaire were 1,227 students (male; 954, female; 263) i.e., 92.9% of the total number of freshmen. The questionnaire consisted of five problem areas: (1) The motives for choosing the admitted college and department, and transfer problems, (2) Students' urgent present problems, (3) Vocational prospects and future plans, (4) Problems of college life, (5) Problems of our nation and society in the present. The frequencies responded on every questions were calculated into percentages to compare one another. The main findings of the present survey were as follows: (1) Majority of the students chose the admitted colleges for the future vocation and chose their majors according to their aptitudes and interests. Employment after graduation played a great role for these students in choosing departments. 55% of the responded students are satisfying for their departments and 18% of the responded expressed wishes to be transfered to other departments. (2) The most of the students wanted to be engaged in part time jobs. Students' urgent present problems are economic problem, future and vocational problem, social adjustments, health and physical development. They wanted to take counseling with counselors of colleges about their urgent problems. (3) Plans after graduation are vocational placement, wishes to continue their graduate course and going abroad to study. (4) Plans of freshmen' college life are to study very hard, the cultivation of personality and to enjoy various campus life. Freshmen want personal relationship between students and professors. (5) The most urgent problems of our nation and society that freshmen consider in the present are the soul of peoples, to root out corruption and injustice, economic problems and national unity.

大學生의 大學認識의 現實性 : 設問의 「自由反應」란에 自由記述한 內容의 分析

李明子 경북대학교 학생생활연구소 1978 學生指導硏究 Vol.11 No.1

大學의 本質에 대한 理解를 大學生의 大學에 대한 現實的 評價를 통해 測定, 定置해 보려고 시도하였는 大學生의 大學認識(1977)을 本 稿에 앞서 硏究者는 발표한 바 있다. 本 硏究는 「大學生의 大學認識」의 硏究時에 사용한 15개의 設問 각각에 주어져 있는 自由反應의 란에 學生들이 自由記述한 內容들을 分析 정리해 본 것이다. 隨意標集된 慶北大學校 在學生 745名이 設問紙에 反應하였으며, 이 學生들중에 設問紙의 自由反應란에 自由記述한 學生數는 문항마다 相異하지만 평균 약 100여명 정도이다. 本 硏究는 調査硏究의 어떤 한계를 보완해 보려는 시도로서 의의를 가질 뿐만 아니라 매우 개성적인 소수의 意見을 정리해 보고, 그기에 어떤 意味를 부여해 보려는 연구의도에도 큰 의의를 두고 있다. 그 結果 첫째, 大學自體에 대한 學生들의 信念은 전통적인 大學理念을 표현하고 있다. 둘째, 知的 만족의 기회에서 學生들은 매우 큰 불만을 나타냈다. 知的 만족의 기회로서 주어지는 講義, 學問的 對話, 세미나, 課題 등에 대한 거의 만족하고 있지 못하다. 셋째, 大學生의 姿勢에서 學生들은 자기모순을 들어내고 있다. 자신감을 가질 수 없다는 좌절감과 자기학문의 명예를 지킬 수 없다는 자학이 팽배해 있으면서도 자신들의 욕망은 매우 컸다는 점이다. 넷째, 社會的 姿勢에서 知性人에 대한 혐오감은 대단했으며, 그러면서 社會의 非倫理에 대처하겠다는 의지를 보이는 것과 같은 자기모순에 빠져있다. Prior to this paper, I researched into the students' images on university(1977) which were undertaken to orient the students' images on university from the practical appraisal of their campus life. This paper is undertaken to analyze the students' contents of free descriptions on the questionnaire. The questionnaire has been used for the study of the students' images on university (1977). Responded to the questionnaire were 745 students of Kyungpook National University. About 100 students of them descrived freely. The main findings of the present study were as follows: First, the students had the traditional ideas of university. Second, they were dissatisfied with the opportunity of the intellectual satisfication. In other words, the students had few satisfications in the academic system of the course or lecture, the scholastic discourse between professor and students, the seminar, the homework. Third, the students revealed a contradiction in the attitudes of the college student. They had a frustration that they did not have a self-confidence nor keep their studies honorable but their desires weie great. Fourth, the students had a great dislike for the intellectual men but had the interrelative attitude that would confront the social ignorance and immorality after graduation. It is very paradoxical.

敎授-學生 人間關係의 관한 一硏究

金鳳韶,李熙道,金慶麟 경북대학교 학생생활연구소 1975 學生指導硏究 Vol.8 No.1

敎授와 學生의 人間關係의 實態를 選擇-拒否關係와 精神治療關係(意思流通·情緖的 距離感·地位)의 側面에서 分析檢討하고 敎授行動評定같은 敎授變因과 學生의 要求와 自己槪念같은 人性變因이 敎授-學生의 選擇-拒否關係에 미치는 作用力을 밝혀 보기 위하여 320名의 大學生과 80名의 敎授를 隨意標集하여, 이들 被驗者를 對象으로 2種의 敎授-學生人間關係尺度와 要求診斷尺度, 自己槪念尺度 및 敎授行動評定尺度를 集團 또는 個別 面接調査를 實施하여 그 結果를 分析 批較하였다. 그 結果 ① 敎授-學生人間關係의 實態는 選擇-拒否關係와 精神治療關係의 어느 側面에서 보더라도 크게 好意的인 反應을 보이지 않고 있으며 특히 부드럽고 조화적인 地位와 役割關係의 形成에 多少 混亂을 나타내고 있으며, ② 敎授의 實際 敎授行動이나 學生이 知覺하는 敎授行動評定같은 敎授變因보다는 學生의 對人關係의 要求와 自己槪念 같은 學生의 人性變因이 敎授와 學生의 選擇-拒否關係形成에 더 큰 作用力을 나타내며 이러한 傾向性에 있어 男女間에는 有意味한 差異가 없는 것으로 보인다. 그리고 ③ 이러한 結果는 理想的인 精神治療關係의 槪念과 對人知覺의 理論에 비추어 論議 檢討되었다. From a psychotherapeutic point of view teaching is basically an interpersonal relationship which, with its proper procedures, helps to reduce or control anxiety and so promotes learning and development of students. Accordingly this study was undertaken to identify the general nature and states of professor-student relationship in the light of ideal psychotherapeutic relationship and choice-rejection relationship of interpersonal relation and to scrutinize relative magnitude of influences of student's interpersonal needs, self-concepts or perceptions of self and professor, and student's perception of his instructor upon professor-student relationship. 320 college juniors and 80 professors were incedentally sampled and the student subjects were administered a professor-student relationship questionnaire, a professor-student relationship inventory adapted by Taylor's(1964) Q-sort statements of teacher-student relationship, an instrument measuring student's interpersona1 needs-n Aff, n Agg, n Dom, n Exh, n Nur and n Sex, and a rating scale measuring student's perception of instructor, adapted by Snedeker & Remmers'(1960) PIPI(Purdue Instructor Performance Indicator). The professor subjects were individually interviewed with a professor-student relationship questionnaire and a rating scale measuring professor's perception of his own instructional behavior. And x^2-method and the Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance by ranks were adopted to analize the results. The main findings of the present study were as follows: (1) From a psychotherapeutic point of view, the interpersonal interaction of professor and student is not highly favorable. Professor's communication with student is somewhat freaquent or favorable and his emotional distance toward college student is rather warm and comfortable, but the status of professor in relation to student is not friendly and far from satisfactory. And choice relationship between professor and student is poor, either. (2) Student's interpersonal needs-n Aff and n Agg-and student's perception of self and professor and discrepancies between these perceptions or self-concepts influenced either positively or negatively on professor-student relationship, but student's perception of instructor or instructional variables influenced neither positively nor negatively. Student's n Aff influences interpersonal perception positively and student's n Agg influences interpersonal perception negatively. And there were statistically significant differernces between professor's pereption of student and student's own perception and between student's perception of professor and professor's own perception. These differences of self-concepts or perceptions of self and others and discrepancies among these concepts or images influence their interpersonal relationship negatively. In short, the influences of student's personality variables like interpersonal needs and self-concepts are relatively stronger than those of instruction variables like perceptions of professor's instructional behavior upon professor-student relationship. (3) And these results were discussed in the light of the concept of ideal psychotherapeutic relationship and theory of person perception.

대학 신입생의 문제양상과 원하는 상담대상

이희도,손병환 경북대학교 학생생활연구소 1970 學生指導硏究 Vol.3 No.1

신입생들의 생활지도 계획수립을 위한 기초자료 조사의 일환으로서 신입생이 당면하고 있는 문제의 양상과 그 문제를 교수나 대학의 Counselor와 어느정도 상담하고자 원하고 있는지를 규명해 보려 하였다. 전국의 4년제 및 초급대학의 남녀 학생 955명을 대상으로 그들이 당면하고 있는 문제를 자유반응의 형식으로 기술케하여 Mooney Problem Check-List의 문제영역별로 그 내용을 분류하였으며 희망하는 상담대상은 강제선택의 형식으로 질문지를 통하여 조사하였다. 그 결과 대학 신입생들은 사교, 오락의 문제, 학업문제, 장래직업의 문제에 대하여 특히 많은 관심을 가지고 있었으며 그들이 당면한 문제를 가지고 교수와 상담을 원하는 학생이 66.8%로서 대부분을 차지하고 있으나 33.2%는 상담을 원하고 있지 않았다. 대학내에서 희망하는 상담대상으로서는 자기 과의 교수를 가장 많이 선택하고 있었으며 고등학교 시절의 선생으로서는 담임선생과 상담하기를 원하고 있었다. 상담대상을 교내외로 넓혔을 때 학생들은 친구를 상담대상으로 선택하는 경우가 가장 많으며 그다음 부모, 형제의 순으로 되어 있었다. 대학의 교수나 Counselor와 상담을 희망하는 학생은 18.7% 에 불과하여 앞으로 생활지도 계획수립에 있어서 교수 학생간의 보다 친밀한 인간관계를 통한 학생 생활지도에 힘을 쏟아야 할 것이 요청되고 있다. Accurate understanding of main interests and concerns of college freshmen and professor-student relationships is necessary to establish guidance program, especially for college freshmen. For they must adjust to new educational circumstances, in particular. The present study was undertaken to investigate following problems; (1) What are the main interests or concerns of college freshmen ? (2) How much do they want to take counsel with professors or counselors? (3) Which professor do they want to consult their main concerns with in the colleges or universities? (4) Which teacher do they want to consult with in the high school of their Alma Mater ? And (5) With whom do they want to take counsel when college professors, high school teachers, parents, brothers and sisters, and friends are included? The Ss were 516 male and 439 female freshmen selected randomly in the junior and senior colleges or universities of Korea. They described their main concerns or interests in terms of questionnaire of free-response type. The contents described were statistically analyzed according to the problem areas of Mooney Problem Cheek-List. The questionnaire of the forced choice type was given to them to find how much they want to consult their problems with professors and whom they want to take counsel with. The main findings were revealed as follows; (1) Main interests or concerns of college freshmen are social-recreational problems, academic works, and vocational and future problems. The college freshmen of Seoul district seemed to be more concerned about the vocational and future problems than local students.(2) 66.8% of the subjects want to consult their problems with college professors, but 33.2% of them didn't want to counsel. These escaping tendencies are more noticeable in the female students than in the male students. (3) In a case of consulting their problems with professors they choose prefessors of their own major part as counseling subjects. College counselors tend to be unpopular for them, but those of local district seem to be more popular than those of Seoul district as counseling subjects for college freshmen. (4) When they consult their problems with their high school teachers of Alma Mater they choose their teachers in charge above all. School couselors seem to be neglected for them. And (5) when professors, high school teachers, parents, brothers and sisters, and friends are included, most of them want to take counsel with their friends and secondly they seem to rely on their parents. But only 18.7% of them choose either college professors or counselors as their counseling subjects.

Ⅳ. 學生 指導體制에 관한 分析

경북대학교 학생생활연구소 경북대학교 학생생활연구소 1982 學生指導硏究 Vol.15 No.1

Ⅱ. 大學生 問題의 背景

경북대학교 학생생활연구소 경북대학교 학생생활연구소 1982 學生指導硏究 Vol.15 No.1