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The ASEAN Economic Community: Deep Integration or Just Political Window Dressing?
jörn dosch 서강대학교 동아연구소 2017 TRaNS(Trans –Regional and –National Studies of Sou Vol.5 No.1
On 31 December 2015, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) announced the establishment of the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC). In theory, this agreement has produced association-wide economic integration. However, following the announcement and for the foreseeable future, ASEAN member states will continue to have significantly less than full regional economic integration. Why? Some observers believe that the AEC plans involve an overly ambitious timeline and too many ill-thought-out initiatives. Others point to ASEAN’s traditional aversion to legally binding agreements. While progress has been made in reducing or eliminating intra-ASEAN trade tariffs, substantial non-tariff barriers to trade persist. However, for most member states, the ASEAN market is relatively small, while external markets, especially China, are growing rapidly. Given this outward orientation for ASEAN trade, is the lack of an unhindered regional market really a problem?
Managing Security in ASEAN-China Relations Liberal Peace of Hegemonic Stability
Jörn Dosch 경남대학교 극동문제연구소 2007 ASIAN PERSPECTIVE Vol.31 No.1
The management of security and ultimately order building in ASEAN-China relations is loosely embedded in a declaratory process of community-formation. While this process has generated generally beneficial soft institutions in economic and other policy areas, the current state of relative regional peace is primarily attributable to China’s emerging role as a hegemonic stabilizer. The PRC increasingly sets the rules and organizes a growing network of security-relevant relationships in both traditional and non-traditional security fields. Just as in the cases of Pax Britannica and Pax Americana, the up-and-coming Pax Sinica is characterized by the creation and enforcement of rules that are profitable to the dominant state at the center of the security order. At the same time the policies of China as a hegemonic power on the horizon also bring security benefits to the states in its zone of influence.
Two-photon fluorescence lifetime imaging of intracellular chloride in cockroach salivary glands
Hille, Carsten,Lahn, Mattes,Lohmannsroben, Hans-Gerd,Dosche, Carsten Korean Society of Photoscience 2009 Photochemical & photobiological sciences Vol.8 No.3
Although chloride plays an important role in many cellular processes, there is a lack of data about intracellular chloride concentrations $[Cl^-]_i$, particularly due to technical problems. To overcome that, in this study fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy in the time-domain by using time-correlated single-photon counting was combined with two-photon excitation (2P-FLIM). This 2P-FLIM setup has been successfully used with the $Cl^-$-sensitive fluorescent dye N-(ethoxycarbonylmethyl)-6-methoxy-quinolinium bromide (MQAE) in order to measure $[Cl^-]_i$ in cockroach salivary glands, a well-established model system for studying epithelial ion transport processes. MQAE was well suitable for two-photon excitation, when loaded into cells, and displayed a sufficient dynamic range of its fluorescence decay time changes in response to variation of $[Cl^-]_i$ according to the Stern-Volmer relationship. On this basis a uniform $[Cl^-]_i$ in the range of 42.80 mM with a mean value of $59\;mM{\pm}1\;mM$ was found in resting cockroach salivary ducts, indicating active $Cl^-$ accumulation. However, exposure to $Cl^-$-free saline caused only a moderate $[Cl^-]_i$ drop to $48\;mM{\pm}4\;mM$, suggesting a relatively low basolateral $Cl^-$ permeability in ducts, at least under resting conditions. Additionally, bath application of the biogenic amine dopamine, known to stimulate the saliva modification in the ducts, caused no significant $[Cl^-]_i$ changes. These results suggest a more complex scenario of $[Cl^-]_i$ homeostasis in cockroach salivary ducts. In conclusion, 2P-FLIM seems to be a suitable technique for quantitative $[Cl^-]_i$ measurements in many biological systems.
Two-step polarization reversal in biased ferroelectrics
Daniels, John E.,Cozzan, Clayton,Ukritnukun, Supphatuch,Tutuncu, Goknur,Andrieux, Jerome,Glaum, Julia,Dosch, Chris,Jo, Wook,Jones, Jacob L. American Institute of Physics 2014 JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS - Vol.115 No.22
Polarization reversal in polycrystalline ferroelectrics is shown to occur via two distinct and sequential domain reorientation steps. This reorientation sequence, which cannot be readily discriminated in the overall sample polarization, is made apparent using time-resolved high-energy x-ray diffraction. Upon application of electric fields opposite to the initial poling direction, two unique and significantly different time constants are observed. The first (faster time constant) is shown to be derived by the release of a residual stress due to initial electrical biasing and the second (slower time constant) due to the redevelopment of residual stress during further domain wall motion. A modified domain reorientation model is given that accurately describes the domain volume fraction evolution during the reversal process. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC.