How 2020-2021 Changed the Life Perspectives of Composer Chihchun Chi-sun Lee

( Michael Sidney Timpson ),( Chichchun Chi-sun Lee ) 한국음악학학회 2021 음악학 Vol.29 No.2

대만계 미국인 작곡가 치천 지선 리는 서울에 거주는 프리랜서 작곡가이다. 치천 지선 리는 보스턴 심포니 오케스트라의 위촉을 받은 최초의 대만 작곡가이자, 2001년과 2018년 하버드 대학교 프롬 음악 재단의 위촉을 받고, 2015년에는 구겐하임 펠로우를 받은 세계적인 작곡가이다. 세계를 횡단하며 활동하던 작곡가 치천 지선 리는 코로나 19가 가져온 전지구적 영향으로 연주자들과 함께하는 리허설, 관객을 대상으로 하는 무대가 불가능해지면서 작곡가로서의 일상에 큰 변화를 겪었다. 계속해서 여러 음악 단체들과 협연을 기획하며 연주 활동을 이어가야 하는 프리랜서 작곡가에게는 치명적인 영향이 아닐 수 없다. 이 글은 코로나 19가 전 지구를 휩쓴 지난 2년 치천 지선 리가 프리랜서 작곡가로서 겪을 수밖에 없었던 활동의 변화와 그럼에도 악착같이 작곡을 이어나간 그녀의 창작활동을 소개한다. 치천 지선 리는 코로나 19가 가져온 위기를 기회로 바꾸어 디지털 기술을 활용해 물리적 제한 없이 더욱 다양한 지역의 사람들과 소통했다. 코로나 19는 전지구적 단위에서 현재 벌어지고 있는 여러 사회 현안들을 보다 자세하게 들여다볼 기회를 제공했다. 성공적인 코로나 방역을 자랑하지만 여전히 세계정치에서 소외된 그녀의 모국 대만, 미국의 치열한 정치와 선거, 다양한 지역의 전통 민요와 동요 등은 팬데믹 시기 치천 지선 리가 새로 발견하고 경험한 작곡의 원천이다. Taiwanese American Chichun Chi-sun Lee is a freelance composer who resides in Seoul, South Korea. She was the first Taiwanese composer to be commissioned by the Boston Symphony Orchestra and she was also commissioned by the Fromm Music Foundation at Harvard University, in both 2001 and 2018. Additionally, Lee received the prestigious Guggenheim Fellow in 2015. These great honors prove that she was approaching a milestone of a successful composition career. However, COVID-19, which has affected all universally, breaks her routine to succeed in her carrier as a composer who inevitably requires social gathering for rehearsal, practice, and live performance. This paper demonstrates how Chichun Chi-sun Lee as a freelancer composer overcame the worldwide lockdown via COVID-19 and created her musical pieces during the last two years. She has turned the crisis into opportunities and took advantage of technologies to communicate much globally without physical restriction. Moreover, pandemic gave her a chance to look at the issues in globalized society under the microscope. She shares what she has produced during the last two years through experiences in her native country Taiwan which has successfully prevented COVID-19 but is still alienated from global society, fraught elections and politicizing in the US, and multi-local traditional folk music and plays she has found through digital media.

Analysis on the Amino Acid Distributions with Position in Transmembrane Proteins

Chi, Sang-Mun 한국데이터정보과학회 2005 한국데이터정보과학회지 Vol.16 No.4

This paper presents a statistical analysis on the position-specific distributions of amino acid residues in transmembrane proteins. A hidden Markov model segments membrane proteins to produce segmented regions of homogeneous statistical property from variable-length amino acids sequences. These segmented residues are analyzed by using chi-square statistic and relative-entropy in order to find position-specific amino acids. This analysis showed that isoleucine and valine concentrated on the center of membrane-spanning regions, tryptophan, tyrosine and positive residues were found frequently near both ends of membrane.

Correction: Rewritable full-color computer-generated holograms based on color-selective diffractive optical components including phase-change materials

Hwang, Chi-Young,Kim, Gi Heon,Yang, Jong-Heon,Hwang, Chi-Sun,Cho, Seong M.,Lee, Won-Jae,Pi, Jae-Eun,Choi, Ji Hun,Choi, Kyunghee,Kim, Hee-Ok,Lee, Seung-Yeol,Kim, Yong-Hae The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 Nanoscale Vol.10 No.47

<P>Correction for ‘Rewritable full-color computer-generated holograms based on color-selective diffractive optical components including phase-change materials’ by Chi-Young Hwang <I>et al.</I>, <I>Nanoscale</I>, 2018, DOI: 10.1039/c8nr04471f.</P>

대원군 집권기의 축성에 관한 연구

서치상(Seo, Chi-Sang) 대한건축학회 2013 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.29 No.1

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the funds and executional organizations of the castle-reconstructions promoted by the Regent Daewon-gun(大院君) from 1866 to 1873. Furthermore this paper aims to examine the renewed structural systems of the castles at the time. Since Byeongin-yangyo(丙寅洋擾), the French Invasion in 1866, Daewon-gun gave orders to repair and to consolidate the castles, especially focused on the costal zones of Chulla-do(全羅道) and Gyeongsang-do(慶尙道), for defending against the invasions by Western and Japanese troops. The royal secret commissioners dispatched to each province evaluated the results of the castle-reconstructions. The funds were prepared by the donation of the officials, inhabitants and Buddhist monks in each province. The special technical experts worked in the fields of the reconstruction or newly constructions of ong-seong(甕城), chi-seong(雉城) and po-roo(砲樓). The systems of the castles were reformed on the base of the application of gunners and the theories of Minbo-ron(民堡論).

An Empirical Study of Qualities of Association Rules from a Statistical View Point

Dorn, Maryann,Hou, Wen-Chi,Che, Dunren,Jiang, Zhewei Korea Information Processing Society 2008 Journal of information processing systems Vol.4 No.1

Minimum support and confidence have been used as criteria for generating association rules in all association rule mining algorithms. These criteria have their natural appeals, such as simplicity; few researchers have suspected the quality of generated rules. In this paper, we examine the rules from a more rigorous point of view by conducting statistical tests. Specifically, we use contingency tables and chi-square test to analyze the data. Experimental results show that one third of the association rules derived based on the support and confidence criteria are not significant, that is, the antecedent and consequent of the rules are not correlated. It indicates that minimum support and minimum confidence do not provide adequate discovery of meaningful associations. The chi-square test can be considered as an enhancement or an alternative solution.

Extended use of Prostate Health Index and percentage of [-2]pro-prostate-specific antigen in Chinese men with prostate specific antigen 10–20 ng/mL and normal digital rectal examination

Peter Ka-Fung Chiu,Jeremy Yuen-Chun Teoh,Wai-Man Lee,Chi-Hang Yee,Eddie Shu-Yin Chan,See-Ming Hou,Chi-Fai Ng 대한비뇨의학회 2016 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.57 No.5

Purpose: We investigated the extended use of Prostate Health Index (PHI) and percentage of [-2]pro-prostate-specific antigen (%p2PSA) in Chinese men with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) 10–20 ng/mL and normal digital rectal examination (DRE). Materials and Methods: All consecutive Chinese men with PSA 10–20 ng/mL and normal DRE who agreed for transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided 10-core prostate biopsy were recruited. Blood samples were taken immediately before TRUS-guided prostate biopsy. The performances of total PSA (tPSA), %free-to-total PSA (%fPSA), %p2PSA, and PHI were compared using logistic regression, receiver operating characteristic, and decision curve analyses (DCA). Results: From 2008 to 2015, 312 consecutive Chinese men were included. Among them, 53 out of 312 (17.0%) men were diagnosed to have prostate cancer on biopsy. The proportions of men with positive biopsies were 6.7% in PHI<35, 22.8% in PHI 35–55, and 54.5% in PHI>55 (chi-square test, p<0.001). The area under curves (AUC) of the base model including age, tPSA and status of initial/repeated biopsy was 0.64. Adding %p2PSA and PHI to the base model improved the AUC to 0.79 (p<0.001) and 0.78 (p<0.001), respectively, and provided net clinical benefit in DCA. The positive biopsy rates of Gleason 7 or above prostate cancers were 2.2% for PHI<35, 7.9% for PHI 35–55, and 36.4% for PHI>55 (chi-square test, p<0.001). By utilizing the PHI cutoff of 35 to men with PSA 10–20 ng/mL and normal DRE, 57.1% (178 of 312) biopsies could be avoided. Conclusions: Both PHI and %p2PSA performed well in predicting prostate cancer and high grade prostate cancer. The use of PHI and %p2PSA should be extended to Chinese men with PSA 10–20 ng/mL and normal DRE.

Detecting Item Bias Using an Item Response Theory(IRT) Model

Chi, Eunlim 경희대학교 부설 교육문제연구소 1997 論文集 - 경희대학교 교육문제연구소 Vol.12 No.1

This study examined item bias occurring in a. language test which administered to two groups. The two groups could be divided into Koreans and Americans based upon their first Language background. The language test used in this paper was Word Analysis of ITBS. This intended to examine item bias caused by the background of the first language. Item bias in the language test was explored by using an item response theory model. Specifically, Rasch model which was one-parameter logistic model among item response theory models was applied to calibrate items. The difficulty measures of items which were calibrated by the Rasch measurement helped to obtain the accurate comparison of groups by the invariance of item difficulty measures. In calibrating items, the computer program MSCALE was used. The two groups were compared for item difficulty measures which were obtained by MSCALE. The comparison was made by the computer program IPARM using chi-square statistics. The results identified five items as having significantly large group differences. That is, the five items had different difficulty measures for the two groups. The distractor analysis and the content analysis for the five items revealed that the linguistic background of the two groups affected item difficulties. This suggests that items can be biased against a group due to the linguistic backgrounds of groups. These results showed that item bias caused by ethnic characteristics could be well identified by using an item response theory model. By the objective measures provided by an item response theory model, item bias can be more accurately identified, This means that an item response theory model can be a useful technique for examining item bias. Many techniques for investigating item bias are developed, but it was a problem that they use raw scores. When raw scores are used, the findings about item bias can depend on samples or items used. Therefore, the application of item response theory is required for the objective finding. In addition, the results demonstrated how the factors causing item bias could be explained. The explanation of the factors is more meaningful in studying item bias since the explanation of the factors can help to understand the group characteristics. The understanding of group characteristics can improve teaching and learning for the group. The examination of item bias is required not only for making tests fair but also for improving teaching and learning.

台灣「新南向政策」與韓國「新南方政策」之比較與分析

董思齊(Doong, Sy-Chi) 한국외국어대학교 대만연구센터 2019 대만연구 Vol.- No.14

Taiwan government has been working on the “New southbound policy” since President Tsai won the election in 2016. The goal is to create a mutual understanding and thus achieve a win-win beneficial solution through cooperating with each other in the various aspects such as economy, technology, culture and other public affairs. Currently, there are 18 south Asian countries’ government is focusing on. In order to build up a mutual trust with it south Asian friends, Taiwan has provided a wide range of knowledge-hows to help its south Asian country friends to solve problems. While its southern Asian friends are able to build up a better quality of life because of the helps from Taiwan, Taiwan also benefits in a way of making itself involve deeper in the global communities. In just around one year after the Taiwanese government launched the “New Southbound Policy”, South Korean President Moon Jae-In also proposed a “New Southern Policy”. The essence of this policy is to establish a “3P community” with ASEAN countries. The 3P community refers to a community for people where people and people are connected, a community for peace that contributes to Asian peace through security cooperation, and a community for prosperity where everyone lives well through mutually beneficial economic cooperation. From the fact that both Taiwan and South Korean announced to deepen its relationship with the Southeast Asian countries, it implies the two countries share a similar state situation. We can exam this from economical aspect and national security. One of the major concerns for Taiwan when discuss about economic agenda is its high dependency in the Chinese market. And for South Korea, it hopes to build a J-shaped curve which can combine South Korea and North Korea together and let South Korea as the center through the linkage between the New Northern Policy and the New Southern Policy. Back from 1970s, both Taiwan and South Korea relies heavily on export business for its GDP growth. Moreover, the exports from both countries are very similar. This had made a severe competition between both countries, and somehow jeopardize the possibility of business alliance. On the other hand, nowadays, though both counties have announced its Southeast Asian policy, the focus area of both policies are different which creates a possibility for a synergy between both countries. Especially for Taiwan being geographically in the center point of Korea’s strategic “J-curve”. It is crucial for both Taiwan and South Korea’s intelligences to open a dialog to find synergies from each other’s ASEAN or South Asia’s policies. The joint development will not only bring new opportunities but also can reduce conflicts in the global economic competition.

韓愈古文的實詞作法

王基倫(Wang Chi-lun) 한국중어중문학회 2011 中語中文學 Vol.48 No.-

This article aims to discuss shici (or real word in literal meaning) in Han Yu’s classical prose. The term “shici,” here is applied in contrast to “xuci,” (empty word in literal meaning, or functional word, or structural particle in linguistics terminology). In the first place, we, by means of accumulating theoretical criteria on shici usage, represented by Han Yu himself, his posterity, and contemporary scholars, will examine whether Han Yu has a special contribution on shici, or not? Besides close textual reading, I make reference back to works on pingdianxue (extra-textual commentary study) of successive dynasties, these works include some considerably stylistic modes, which have ever been raised by former literati, and then try to epitomize the treatment of shici by Han Yu in his classical prose. In overall, his use of shici shows us some cases as follows: (1) penetrating over all prose by virtue of shici, (2) his own innovation of shici, (3) his accurate paraphrase by shici, (4) conveying spirit by a single shici, (5) revitalizing obsolete word by shici, (6) Not in the case of consecutive use, in different places in the article using the same shici. With analytical approach of various shici examples, and theirs usage in classical prose structure, it helps us reaffirm his artistic value on Chinese literature.

대화 시스템 구축을 위한 딥러닝 기반 의도 분류 모델 성능 비교

김지은(Jieun Kim),장진예(Jin Yea Jang),신사임(Saim Shin),정혜동(Hyedong Jung),정민영(Minyoung Jung) 한국정보과학회 2020 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2020 No.7