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Some Reflections of Jain Ahimsa thought on the Current COVID-19 Pandemic
Zhan Yifang(Yifang Zhan) 아시아사회과학학회 2022 Jornal of Asia Social Science Vol.9 No.2
The teaching of Non-violence (अहिंसा, Ahimsa) refers to not harming all sentient beings. It is the core idea of Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and the other religions originated in India. Especially in Jainism, the teaching and practicing on “Ahimsa” were heavily emphasized. In modern times, Mahatma Gandhi's philosophy of non-violence and non-cooperative thoughts were deeply influenced by the creed of Jainism, which served as a banner to win the national independence and liberation of India from the British. The Nonviolence thinking possesses respect for one's own life, all life forms as well as restraining and balancing on three levels of one’s physical body, speech, and mindset. In order to achieve “harmlessness” in behavior, speech, and thinking. When the COVID-19 Pandemic was raging around the world since early 2020, and countries from all over the world are facing a massive crisis, the teaching of non-violence (अहिंसा, Ahimsa) in Jainism thus becoming very precious. Under the circumstances of the overwhelming consumerism addition to the deterioration of human morality. In consequence, the natural environment is seriously damaged at the global scale. Today, what will we learn from the teachings of Jain Thirthankaras, such as Mahavira, the ancient Indian philosopher and founder of Jainism? The question is becoming quite reflective.
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Effects of alfalfa flavonoids extract on the microbial flora of dairy cow rumen
Zhan, Jinshun,Liu, Mingmei,Wu, Caixia,Su, Xiaoshuang,Zhan, Kang,Zhao, Guo qi Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2017 Animal Bioscience Vol.30 No.9
Objective: The effect of flavonoids from alfalfa on the microbial flora was determined using molecular techniques of 16S ribosome deoxyribonucleic acid (rDNA) analysis. Methods: Four primiparous Holstein heifers fitted with ruminal cannulas were used in a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design and fed a total mixed ration to which alfalfa flavonoids extract (AFE) was added at the rates of 0 (A, control), 20 (B), 60 (C), or 100 (D) mg per kg of heifer BW. Results: The number of operational taxonomic units in heifers given higher levels of flavonoid extract (C and D) was higher than for the two other treatments. The Shannon, Ace, and Chao indices for treatment C were significantly higher than for the other treatments (p<0.05). The number of phyla and genera increased linearly with increasing dietary supplementation of AFE (p<0.05). The principal co-ordinates analysis plot showed substantial differences in the microbial flora for the four treatments. The microbial flora in treatment A was similar to that in B, C, and D were similar by the weighted analysis. The richness of Tenericutes at the phylum level tended to increase with increasing AFE (p = 0.10). The proportion of Euryarchaeota at the phylum level increased linearly, whereas the proportion of Fusobacteria decreased linearly with increasing AFE supplementation (p = 0.04). The percentage of Mogibacterium, Pyramidobacter, and Asteroleplasma at the genus level decreased linearly with increasing AFE (p<0.05). The abundance of Spirochaeta, Succinivibrio, and Suttonella at the genus level tended to decrease linearly with increasing AFE (0.05<p<0.10). Conclusion: Including AFE in the diet of dairy cows may alter the microbial composition of the rumen; however its effect on nutrient digestibility remains to be determined.
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Zhan Jie,Ai Yirang,Zhan Lechang,Pan Ruihuan,Wang Yiqiao,Dong Cong,Wang Qiuchun,Chen Hongxia,Lu Liming,Li Mei 한국한의학연구원 2022 Integrative Medicine Research Vol.11 No.2
Background: Post-stroke shoulder-hand syndrome (SHS) is a common complication after stroke. To date, there is still a lack of consistently effective and good patient compliance methods for SHS. Methods: Fifty patients with SHS were included in this study. Patients in the control group received rehabilitation training (RT) for 2 weeks; each session was 30 min, 1 time per day, and 5 times per week. Patients in the observation group were additionally given Bo’s abdominal acupuncture (BAA) with the same frequency and duration. The primary outcome was the change value in the VAS score from baseline to 2 weeks. The secondary outcomes measured were motor function of the upper limb, shoulder range of motion, ADL, and swelling volume. Results: Compared with baseline values, the mean VAS score at 2 weeks was reduced by 3.68 in the observation group and by 1.92 in the control group, with a difference between the two groups of 1.84 (P < 0.001); the mean MBI score at 2 weeks increased by 10.44 in the observation group and by 4.79 in the control group, with a difference between the two groups of 5.84 (P = 0.032); the mean swelling volume at 2 weeks decreased by 9.64 in the observation group and by 3.29 in the control group, with a difference between the two groups of 6.48 (P < 0.001). BAA-related adverse events were not found during the study. Conclusions: BAA combined with RT is superior to RT alone in improving shoulder pain, swelling, and ADL in post-stroke SHS patients. Trial Registration: ChiCTR2100045464 (www.chictr.org.cn).
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Zhan, Jinshun,Liu, Mingmei,Su, Xiaoshuang,Zhan, Kang,Zhang, Chungang,Zhao, Guoqi Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2017 Animal Bioscience Vol.30 No.10
Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the effects of alfalfa flavonoids on the production performance, immunity, and ruminal fermentation of dairy cows. Methods: The experiments employed four primiparous Holstein cows fitted with ruminal cannulas, and used a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design. Cattle were fed total mixed ration supplemented with 0 (control group, Con), 20, 60, or 100 mg of alfalfa flavonoids extract (AFE) per kg of dairy cow body weight (BW). Results: The feed intake of the group receiving 60 mg/kg BW of AFE were significantly higher (p<0.05) than that of the group receiving 100 mg/kg BW. Milk yields and the fat, protein and lactose of milk were unaffected by AFE, while the total solids content of milk reduced (p = 0.05) linearly as AFE supplementation was increased. The somatic cell count of milk in group receiving 60 mg/kg BW of AFE was significantly lower (p<0.05) than that of the control group. Apparent total-tract digestibility of neutral detergent fiber and crude protein showed a tendency to increase (0.05<$p{\leq}0.10$) with ingestion of AFE. Methane dicarboxylic aldehyde concentration decreased (p = 0.03) linearly, whereas superoxide dismutase activity showed a tendency to increase (p = 0.10) quadratically, with increasing levels of AFE supplementation. The lymphocyte count and the proportion of lymphocytes decreased (p = 0.03) linearly, whereas the proportion of neutrophil granulocytes increased (p = 0.01) linearly with increasing levels of dietary AFE supplementation. The valeric acid/total volatile fatty acid (TVFA) ratio was increased (p = 0.01) linearly with increasing of the level of AFE supplementation, the other ruminal fermentation parameters were not affected by AFE supplementation. Relative levels of the rumen microbe Ruminococcus flavefaciens tended to decrease (p = 0.09) quadratically, whereas those of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens showed a tendency to increase (p = 0.07) quadratically in response to AFE supplementation. Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrate that AFE supplementation can alter composition of milk, and may also have an increase tendency of nutrient digestion by regulating populations of microbes in the rumen, improve antioxidant properties by increasing antioxidant enzyme activities, and affect immunity by altering the proportions of lymphocyte and neutrophil granulocytes in dairy cows. The addition of 60 mg/kg BW of AFE to the diet of dairy cows was shown to be beneficial in this study.
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Tianming Zhan,Shenghua Gu,Can Feng,Yongzhao Zhan,Jin Wang 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Signal Processing, Image Vol.8 No.9
Automatic brain tumor segmentation from multispectral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data is an important but a challenging task because of the high diversity in the appearance of tumor tissues among different patients and in many cases similarity with the normal tissues. In this paper, we propose a fully automatic technique for brain tumor segmentation from multispectral human brain MRIs. We first use the intensities of different patches in multispectral MRIs to represent the features of both normal and abnormal tissues and generate a dictionary for following tissue classification. Then, the sparse representation classification (SRC) is applied to classify the brain tumor and normal brain tissue in the whole image. At last, the Markov random field (MRF) regularization introduces spatial constraints to the SRC to take into account the pair-wise homogeneity in terms of classification labels and multispectral voxel intensities. Our method was evaluated on 20 multi-modality patient datasets with competitive segmentation results.
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A Novel Brain Tumor Segmentation Method for Multi-Modality Human Brain MRIs
Tianming Zhan,Shenghua Gu,Lei Jiang,Yongzhao Zhan 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Vol.10 No.11
Delineating brain tumor boundaries from multi-modality magnetic resonance images (MRIs) is a crucial step in brain cancer surgical and treatment planning. In this paper, we propose a fully automatic technique for brain tumor segmentation from multi-modality human brain MRIs. We first use the intensities of different modalities in MRIs to represent the features of both normal and abnormal tissues. Then, the multiple classifier system (MCS) is applied to calculate the probabilities of brain tumor and normal brain tissue in the whole image. At last, the spatial-contextual information is proposed by constraining the classified neighbors to improve the classification accuracy. Our method was evaluated on 20 multi-modality patient datasets with competitive segmentation results.
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Zhan, Xuan,Teplitzky, Peter,Diskin-Posner, Yael,Sundararajan, Mahesh,Ullah, Zakir,Chen, Qiu-Cheng,Shimon, Linda J. W.,Saltsman, Irena,Mahammed, Atif,Kosa, Monica,Baik, Mu-Hyun,Churchill, David G.,Gros ACS AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2019 Inorganic Chemistry Vol.58 No.9
<P>An eight-member series of CF<SUB>3</SUB>-substituted difluorophosphorus corroles was prepared for establishing a structure-activity profile of these high-potential photosensitizers. It consisted of preparing all four possible isomers of the monosubstituted corrole and complexes with 2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-CF<SUB>3</SUB> groups on the macrocycle’s periphery. The synthetic pathway to these CF<SUB>3</SUB>-substituted derivatives, beginning with (<B>tpfc</B>)<B>PF</B><SUB><B>2</B></SUB>, involves two different initial routes: (i) direct electrophilic CF<SUB>3</SUB> incorporation using FSO<SUB>2</SUB>CF<SUB>2</SUB>CO<SUB>2</SUB>Me and copper iodide, or (ii) bromination to achieve the 2,3,8,17,18-pentabrominated compound using excess bromine in methanol. Crystallographic investigations revealed that distortion of the original planar macrocycle is evident even in the monosubstituted case and that it becomes truly severe for the penta-CF<SUB>3</SUB>-substituted derivative <B>5</B>. There is a shift in redox potentials of about 193 mV per -CF<SUB>3</SUB> group, which decreases to only 120 mV for the fifth one in <B>5</B>. Differences in the electronic spectra suggest that the Gouterman four orbital model decreases in relevance upon gradual -CF<SUB>3</SUB> substitution, a conclusion that was corroborated by DFT calculations. The very significant energy lowering of the frontier orbitals suggested that photoexcitation should lead to a highly oxidizing photocatalyst. This hypothesis was proven true by finding that the most synthetically accessible CF<SUB>3</SUB>-substituted derivative is an excellent catalyst for the photoinduced conversion of bromide to bromine (phenol, toluene, and benzene assay).</P><P>CF<SUB>3</SUB>-substituted difluorophosphorus corroles were synthesized and studied by CV, NMR spectroscopy, crystallography, and DFT. All four possible isomers of the monosubstituted corrole and complexes with 2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-CF<SUB>3</SUB> groups on the macrocycle’s periphery were prepared. The sterical and electronic role of the -CF<SUB>3</SUB> unit became evident through the study of the 5-CF<SUB>3</SUB> species which was found to be an excellent bromide photocatalyst (photoxidation with phenol, toluene, and benzene assays).</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>
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