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Genome Engineering for Osteoarthritis: From Designer Cells to Disease-Modifying Drugs
Yun-Rak Choi,Kelsey H. Collins,JinWooLee,Ho-Jung Kang,파시드길락 한국조직공학과 재생의학회 2019 조직공학과 재생의학 Vol.16 No.4
BACKGROUND: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a highly prevalent degenerative joint disease involving joint cartilage and its surrounding tissues. OA is the leading cause of pain and disability worldwide. At present, there are no disease-modifying OA drugs, and the primary therapies include exercise and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs until total joint replacement at the end-stage of the disease. METHODS: In this review, we summarized the current state of knowledge in genetic and epigenetic associations and risk factors for OA and their potential diagnostic and therapeutic applications. RESULTS: Genome-wide association studies and analysis of epigenetic modifications (such as miRNA expression, DNA methylation and histone modifications) conducted across various populations support the notion that there is a genetic basis for certain subsets of OA pathogenesis. CONCLUSION: With recent advances in the development of genome editing technologies such as the CRISPR-Cas9 system, these genetic and epigenetic alternations in OA can be used as platforms from which potential biomarkers for the diagnosis, prognosis, drug response, and development of potential personalized therapeutic targets for OA can be approached. Furthermore, genome editing has allowed the development of “designer” cells, whereby the receptors, gene regulatory networks, or transgenes can be modified as a basis for new cell-based therapies.
Analsysis of Process Parameters to Improve In-Chip Linewidth Variation
Yun-Kyeong Jang,Doo-Youl Lee,Sung-Woo Lee,Eun-Mi Lee,Soo-Han Choi,Yool Kang,Gi-Sung Yeo,Sang-Gyun Woo,Han-Ku Cho,Jong-Rak Park 대한전자공학회 2004 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.4 No.2
The influencing factors on the OPC (optical proximity correction) results are quantitatively analyzed using OPCed L/S patterns. 3cr values of proximity variations are measured to be 9.3 nm and 15.2 nm for PR-A and PR-B, respectively. The effect of post exposure bake condition is assessed. 16.2 nm and 13.8 nm of variations are observed. Proximity variations of 11.6 nm and 15.2 nm are measured by changing the illumination condition. In order not to seriously deteriorate the OPC, these factors should be fixed after the OPC rules are extracted. Proximity variations of 11.4, 13.9, and 15.2 nm are observed for the mask mean-to-targets of 0, 2 and 4 nm, respectively. The decrease the OPC grid size from I nm to 0.5 nm enhances the correction resolution and the OCV is reduced from 14.6 nm to 11.4 nm. The enhancement amount of proximity variations are 9.2 nm corresponding to 39% improvement. The critical dimension (CD) uniformity improvement for adopting the small grid size is confirmed by measuring the CD uniformity on real SRAM pattern. CD uniformities are measured 9.9 nm and 8.7 nm for grid size of I nm and 0.5 nm, respectively. 22% improvement of the CD uniformity is achieved. The decrease of OPC grid size is shown to improve not only the proximity correction, hut also the uniformity.<br/>
Growth Performance of 27-year-old Norway Spruce (Picea abies) at Four Plantations in Korea
Choi, Hyung-Soon,Ryu, Keun-Ok,Kwon, Yong-Rak,Kwon, Hae-Yun Korean Society of Forest Science 2007 한국산림과학회지 Vol.96 No.2
This study was conducted to elucidate the mid-growth of Norway spruce at the age of 27 and select the superior provenances in Korea. Growth performance of twenty-four provenances from Germany and Rumania were investigated in four plantations. Significant differences were found in growth (height, DBH, volume) with plantations. Maximum growth were detected on plantation Chuncheon which located in most northern area, and minimum growth were detected on plantation Wanju located in most southern area. The rank of height in provenances has fluctuated, but superior/inferior groups have been almost fixed. 840-23, 840-10, 840-19 in Germany, G1-64-57, G1-64-54 in Rumania proved excellent provenances. Height in early stage positively correlated with that in late stage. The growth was positively correlated with latitude and altitude of plantations, but negatively correlated with temperature.
Analysis of Process Parameters to Improve On-Chip Linewidth Variation
Jang, Yun-Kyeong,Lee, Doo-Youl,Lee, Sung-Woo,Lee, Eun-Mi,Choi, Soo-Han,Kang, Yool,Yeo, Gi-Sung,Woo, Sang-Gyun,Cho, Han-Ku,Park, Jong-Rak The Institute of Electronics and Information Engin 2004 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.4 No.2
The influencing factors on the OPC (optical proximity correction) results are quantitatively analyzed using OPCed L/S patterns. ${\sigma}$ values of proximity variations are measured to be 9.3 nm and 15.2 nm for PR-A and PR-B, respectively. The effect of post exposure bake condition is assessed. 16.2 nm and 13.8 nm of variations are observed. Proximity variations of 11.6 nm and 15.2 nm are measured by changing the illumination condition. In order not to seriously deteriorate the OPC, these factors should be fixed after the OPC rules are extracted. Proximity variations of 11.4, 13.9, and 15.2 nm are observed for the mask mean-to-targets of 0, 2 and 4 nm, respectively. The decrease the OPC grid size from 1 nm to 0.5 nm enhances the correction resolution and the OCV is reduced from 14.6 nm to 11.4 nm. The enhancement amount of proximity variations are 9.2 nm corresponding to 39% improvement. The critical dimension (CD) uniformity improvement for adopting the small grid size is confirmed by measuring the CD uniformity on real SRAM pattern. CD uniformities are measured 9.9 nm and 8.7 nm for grid size of 1 nm and 0.5 nm, respectively. 22% improvement of the CD uniformity is achieved. The decrease of OPC grid size is shown to improve not only the proximity correction, but also the uniformity.
최영락(Choi Young Rak),이종신(Lee Jong Sin),윤희천(Yun Hee Cheon) 한국지적학회 2014 한국지적학회지 Vol.30 No.3
본 연구는 산림탄소상쇄 제도가 운영됨에 따른 토지의 경계를 이용하여 산림의 소유권별 산림탄소등록부의 등록방법과 영상정보를 활용한 산림의 정확한 탄소흡수량을 산정하기 위한 방안을 제시하는데 목적이 있다. 기존 탄소흡수량 산정방법으로는 통계자료를 이용한 방법과 영상자료를 이용한 방법, LiDAR 자료를 이용한 방법 등이 있으나 정확한 탄소흡수량을 산정할 수 없었다. 따라서 불확실성이 있는 통계적 자료나 현장 센서 등을 통해 직접 측정하는 방법보다 LiDAR 및 영상정보를 이용한 최적의 탄소흡수량 산정방법을 연구할 필요가 있다. 본 연구결과 LiDAR와 디지털항공사진, 초분광영상을 이용할 경우 산림의 정확한 분류 및 정량화가 가능하다는 것을 알 수 있었으며 초분광영상을 이용하면 다양한 수종분류가 가능함을 알 수 있었다. 지형, 산림자원의 특성, 데이터 용량 및 처리속도 등을 고려 할 때 최대 7점/㎡의 고밀도 LiDAR 자료를 이용할 경우 산림자원의 정확한 수고 및 수관을 추출할 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. 산림자원을 지번별로 정확히 추출함으로써 탄소흡수량등록부에 대상지에 대한 면적정보과 함께 수종별 평균 수관의 크기와, 평균수고, 평균수령, 단위면적 탄소 흡향 등을 등록 할 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. 표본추출 방법과 비교하여 산림 면적이 총 19.7%, 전체 탄소 흡수량이 19.2%, 단위 면적당 흡수량이 0.9%의 차이가 발생되며, 이는 탄소흡수량으로 인정받을 수 있는 산림에 대한 국제적 기준에 맞게 정량화시킴으로써 좀 더 정확한 탄소흡수량을 산정할 수 있었다. The purpose of this study is to quantify the information on forest using spatial information, such as precision LiDAR data, digital aerial photography images, hyperspectral images, etc., for devising methods to calculate accurate carbon absorption. Methods using statistical data or image data, or using LiDAR data were used in the past, yet they were not capable of calculating accurate carbon absorption. Thus it is needed to study the optimal methods for calculating carbon absorption using LiDAR data or image data rather than using statistical data with uncertainty or sensors installed on sites for direct measuring. The results of this study have suggested the followings: the use of LiDAR data or digital aerial photography or hyperspectral images facilitates the accurate classification and quantification of forest, and the use of hyperspectral images facilitates the classification of a wide range of tree species. It was also confirmed that, when maximum 7points/㎡ high density LiDAR data is used, accurate tree height and crown in the forest resources can be extracted, with geography, nature of forest resources, data capacity and processing speed in consideration. The forest resources can be accurately extracted for the area of the target area, the average tree size, the average height, age of the average tree, it was possible to know that it is able to register and carbon absorption. Compared with the sampling method, differences in total 19.7% of forest area, 19.2% of total carbon absorption, and 0.9% of carbon absorption by unit area occurred, indicating that more accurate carbon absorption can be calculated by quantifying the carbon absorption to the international standards