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Spectrum Hole Utilization in Cognitive Two-way Relaying Networks
( Yuan Gao ),( Changping Zhu ),( Yibin Tang ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2014 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.8 No.3
This paper investigates the spectrum hole utilization of cooperative schemes for the two-way relaying model in order to improve the utilization efficiency of limited spectrum holes in cognitive radio networks with imperfect spectrum sensing. We propose two specific bidirectional secondary data transmission (BSDT) schemes with two-step and three-step two-way relaying models, i.e., two-BSDT and three-BSDT schemes, where the spectrum sensing and the secondary data transmission are jointly designed. In the proposed cooperative schemes, the best two-way relay channel between two secondary users is selected from a group of secondary users serving as cognitive relays and assists the bi-directional communication between the two secondary users without a direct link. The closed-form asymptotic expressions for outage probabilities of the two schemes are derived with a primary user protection constraint over Rayleigh fading channels. Based on the derived outage probabilities, the spectrum hole utilization is calculated to evaluate the percentage of spectrum holes used by the two secondary users for their successful information exchange without channel outage. Numerical results show that the spectrum hole utilization depends on the spectrum sensing overhead and the channel gain from a primary user to secondary users. Additionally, we compare the spectrum hole utilization of the two schemes as the varying of secondary signal to noise ratio, the number of cognitive relays, and symmetric and asymmetric channels.
Gao-Feng Yuan,Jing-Qun Yuan,Duo Li 한국식품영양과학회 2009 Journal of medicinal food Vol.12 No.2
The incorporation and metabolism of orally administered punicic acid (PA), one isomer of conjugated linolenic acid (CLNA), in rat tissues and plasma were studied over a 24-hour period. The punic acid was derived from Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim seed oil, a unique PA-containing material, and identified and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results show that PA was incorporated and metabolized to 9c,11t-conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in rat plasma, liver, kidney, heart, brain, and adipose tissue. The level of PA and CLA in liver and plasma was higher than in brain, heart, kidney, and adipose tissue, and the lowest accumulation occurred in the brain. The observation that PA can be converted into 9c,11t-CLA has gained increased importance since it has been demonstrated that 9c,11t-CLA exerts many biological activities. Therefore natural resources containing CLNA, especially edible T. kirilowii seed, could be a potential dietary source of CLA, following PA metabolism. PA is expected to be used as a functional food and nutraceutical.
Yuan Gao,Yubin Ji,Wenlan Li,Fuling Wang,Fuling Wang,Xiaomeng Zhang,Zhihui Niu,Lulu Zhou,Lijun Yan 한국식품영양과학회 2021 Journal of medicinal food Vol.24 No.2
This study focused on the antibacterial effects of the endophytic fungi producing naringenin from Dalbergia odorifera T. Chen against Staphylococcus aureus. The antibacterial activity was measured by the inhibition diameters, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The time-killing curve was also used to evaluate its antibacterial efficacy. The results of antibacterial activity determinations showed that endophytic fungi secondary metabolites can inhibit the growth of five pathogenic bacteria (S. aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Bacillus subtilis) and the most sensitive strain was S. aureus that had the MIC and MBC values of 0.13 and 0.50 mg/mL, respectively. The membrane permeability study was measured by a DNA leakage assay and electrical conductivity assay. Furthermore, the whole-cell protein lysates and DNA fragmentation assay was evaluated. The morphology of S. aureus treated with the endophytic fungi products was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The probable antibacterial mechanism of endophytic fungi secondary metabolites was the increased membrane permeability that leads to leaks of nucleic acids and proteins. SEM results further confirmed that the extracts can interfere with the integrity of S. aureus cell membrane and further inhibit the growth of bacteria, resulting in the death of bacteria. This study provides a new perspective for the antibacterial functions of endophytic fungi secondary metabolites for biomedical applications.
Yuan, Gao-Feng,Yuan, Jing-Qun,Li, Duo The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 2009 Journal of medicinal food Vol.12 No.2
The incorporation and metabolism of orally administered punicic acid (PA), one isomer of conjugated linolenic acid (CLNA), in rat tissues and plasma were studied over a 24-hour period. The punic acid was derived from Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim seed oil, a unique PA-containing material, and identified and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results show that PA was incorporated and metabolized to 9c,11t-conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in rat plasma, liver, kidney, heart, brain, and adipose tissue. The level of PA and CLA in liver and plasma was higher than in brain, heart, kidney, and adipose tissue, and the lowest accumulation occurred in the brain. The observation that PA can be converted into 9c,11t-CLA has gained increased importance since it has been demonstrated that 9c,11t-CLA exerts many biological activities. Therefore natural resources containing CLNA, especially edible T. kirilowii seed, could be a potential dietary source of CLA, following PA metabolism. PA is expected to be used as a functional food and nutraceutical.
Yuan Gao,Jianjun Zhang,Li Li,Feng Su,Zhenhua Gong,Yisheng Lai,Yihua Zhang 대한약학회 2012 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.35 No.7
ZCVI4-2 was a novel nitric oxide-releasing glycosyl derivative of oleanolic acid that displayed strong cytotoxicity selectively against human hepatocellular carcinoma in vitro and in vivo. In this study, ZCVI4-2 was characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry,powder X-ray diffractometry, Raman spectroscopy, hygroscopicity and stability. A high performance liquid chromatography method was also established for the quantitative determination of solubility and additional stability profile of ZCVI4-2. ZCVI4-2 was found to be an amorphous and stable solid with low solubility of less than 10 μg/mL. Based on the solubilization tests that included methods of cosolvency and micellization, the solution mixture of 5% Solutol HS-15, 5% 1, 2-propylene glycol and 5% anhydrous ethanol was determined to be the system for the preparation of the ZCVI4-2 early injection solution. The effect of pH, temperature, light and injectable isotonic glucose or NaCl solution on ZCVI4-2 injection was also investigated. Good stability was observed at all testing conditions. Under the conditions studied, the NO-releasing rate and amount of ZCVI4-2 from the early injection solution in rat plasma demonstrated a promising therapeutic efficacy while maintaining a good safety profile.
Yuan Gao,Hong-jing Yu,Bin Wen 한국식품과학회 2018 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.27 No.5
BIFICO is a main microecological drug that the main ingredient is Bifidobacterium longum ATCC BAA- 2753. It’s necessary to detect the number of Bifidobacterium longum ATCC BAA-2753 for quality control during the production of BIFICO. Plate count assay (PCA) is the most commonly used method for counting microbial cells. However, not all microorganisms can be counted by PCA. (e.g. uncultured microorganisms under specific growth conditions). In this study, a method of fluorescent techniques in combination with flow cytometry (FCM) was established for the counting of Bifidobacterium longum BAA-2753. Using SYTO9 and PI stain, flow cytometric analysis could easily differentiate live bacteria and dead bacteria. The number of live bacteria determined by FCM was about fourfold higher than that counted by PCA. Therefore, the FCM method could be a practical tool for the quality control of Bifidobacterium longum BAA-2753 in the industrial production of BIFICO.
Yuan Gao,Yubin Ji,Fuling Wang,Wenlan Li,Xiaomeng Zhang,Zhihui Niu,Zhuo Wang 한국식품과학회 2021 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.30 No.13
Blueberry residue is usually discarded as waste,but has a high anthocyanins content. The extraction methodof anthocyanins from blueberry residue with ultrasonicassisted dual-aqueous phase system was optimized. Interms of the principle of central group and design (CCD)experimental design, three-factor and five-level responsesurface analysis was adopted to optimize the extractionconditions with the extraction rate of anthocyanins. Theoptimum extraction rate of anthocyanin was12.372 ± 0.078 mg/g. Anthocyanin extract could protectthe pBR322 DNA oxidative damage induced by Fentonreagent, increase the superoxide dismutase(SOD) and glutathioneperoxidase (GSH-Px) enzyme activities, anddecrease the H2O2-induced cell apoptosis of human normalliver cell (LO2 cell). The study indicates that the extractionrate of anthocyanin was increased by optimized ultrasonicassisted dual-aqueous phase system. The anthocyaninextract could protect DNA and LO2 cell from oxidativedamage.
Gao, Yuan,Deng, Zhixiang,Choi, Dongmin,Choi, Chang Elsevier 2018 Journal of parallel and distributed computing Vol.114 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In this paper, we propose a cooperative spectrum sensing scheme including a combined pre-detection and sleeping policy. In the scheme, the designed pre-detection sub-phase is applied at the beginning of the detection of the presence of a primary user, where all sensing nodes are involved to improve the detection performance. The sleeping policy is applied for each sensing node respectively at the end of the pre-detection sub-phase and the beginning of the transmission of the local detection results, in order to decrease sensing energy consumption. We formulate the problem of minimizing the maximum average energy consumption per sensing node in Rayleigh fading channels, considering the constraints of the required global detection and false alarm probabilities and the tolerable interference caused to the primary user. Numerical results show that the scheme achieves significant energy saving as compared to a scheme that includes only a sleeping policy and does not consider pre-detection.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> We propose a combined pre-detection and sleeping scheme for spectrum sensing. </LI> <LI> The sensing performance is not affected by a high sleeping rate of secondary relays. </LI> <LI> An analytical framework is based on more practical channel conditions. </LI> <LI> A search algorithm is studied to obtain low complexity for solving the optimal problem. </LI> <LI> The proposed scheme achieves significant energy saving for spectrum sensing. </LI> </UL> </P>
Adaptive Cooperation for Bidirectional Communication in Cognitive Radio Networks
( Yuan Gao ),( Changping Zhu ),( Zhixiang Deng ),( Yibin Tang ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2017 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.11 No.3
In the interweave cognitive networks, the interference from the primary user degrades the performance of the cognitive user transmissions. In this paper, we propose an adaptive cooperation scheme in the interweave cognitive networks to improve the performance of the cognitive user transmissions. In the proposed scheme for the bidirectional communication of two end-source cognitive users, the bidirectional communication is completed through the non-relay direct transmission, the one-way relaying cooperation transmission, and the two-way relaying cooperation transmission depending on the limited feedback from the end-sources. For the performance analysis of the proposed scheme, we derive the outage probability and the finite-SNR diversity multiplexing tradeoff (f-DMT) in a closed form, considering the imperfect spectrum sensing, the interference from the primary user, and the power allocation between the relay and the end-sources. The results show that compared with the direct transmissions (DT), the pure one-way relaying transmissions (POWRT), and the pure two-way relaying transmissions (PTWRT), the proposed scheme has better outage performance. In terms of the f-DMT, the proposed scheme outperforms the full cooperation transmissions of the POWRT and PTWRT.
Yuan Gao,Hu Liu,Yaoming Zhou 한국항공우주학회 2019 International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sc Vol.20 No.1
In the military field, equipment development has increasingly focused on the system-of-systems (SoS) oriented combat. To answer the question “how to judge the success of a mission in SoS combat”, this paper proposes a concept of “Mission Success Space (MSS)”. After designing MSS and computing Mission Success Rate (MSR), an evaluation method of effectiveness is defined to quantify the contribution of a combat aircraft to a combat SoS by comparing MSRs of the SoS with and without this aircraft. During MSS design procedure, Mission Success Function (MSF) plays an important role since it gives key parts where the success criterion is changed. In the simulation case, a quadratic function and an S-curve function are used as MSFs to verify themethod proposed. In addition, based on the Gaussian fitting results, a new function using inverse design is studied by finding bilateral quantiles of the fitting curves. Finally, the MSS of inverse design is chosen as the best for this case after analyzing the contribution results of these three functions.