Metarrhizium anisopliae(Metschn.) Sorok이 생산하는 Biopolymer YU-122의 생산과 그 특성

최용석,옥승호,유주현,배동현 한국산업미생물학회 1997 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.25 No.1

토양으로부터 분리한 Metarrhizium anisopliae (Metschn.) Sorok이 생산하는 biopolymer를 정제하여 분석하고, 그의 생산조건을 검토하였다. 탄소원으로 mannitol, 질소원으로는 polypepton을 사용했을 때 가장 많은 biopolymer를 생산하였고 K_2HPO_4 및 CaCl_2를 첨가함으로서 생산량이 더욱 증가하였다. 또한 이 biopolymer를 정제하여 그 분자량과 구성성분을 검토한 결과 Metarrhizium anisopliae(Metschn.) Sorok이 생산하는 Biopolymer YU-122는 분자량이 1.7×10 exp (6)이고, C, H의 구성비가 1:2이며 미량의 N이 검출되었으나, 주 구성성분은 glucose와 galactose의 환원당으로 이루어져있는 전혀 새로운 biopolymer인 것으로 나타났다. To produce biopolymer, Metarrhizium anisopliae (Metschn.) Sorok was cultured in a medium containing glucose 1.0%, sucrose 2.0%, soluble starch 1.0%, yeast extract 0.5%, polypeptone 0.5%, K_2HPO_4 0.1%, MgSO_4·7H_2O 0.02%. The culture broth was centrifuged and the polymer was harvested by adding methanol to the culture supernatant. When three times of methanol was added, the polymer was coagulated and precipitated. Then it was further purifued through successive SK-1B, SA-20P, HP-20 column chromatographies. This polymer was designated as Biopolymer YU-122. C:H ratio of this Biopolymer YU-122 was 1:2 and small amount of N is detected by CHN analyzer. Glucose and galactose are main components of this polymer. Average molecular weight of this biopolymer was 1.7×10 exp (6) by Sepharose 4B gel permeation chromatography. Optimal condition for biopolymer production was investigated. When 5% of mannitol was used as a carbon source, and polypepton as a N source, highest productivity of biopolymer was achieved. C/N ratio as nutrient was also a major factor in polymer production and its optimal ratio was 3.

Hot Deformation Behavior and Recrystallization Mechanism in an As-Cast CoNi-Based Superalloy

Yong Guan,Yongchang Liu,Zongqing Ma,Huijun Li,Hongyao Yu 대한금속·재료학회 2022 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.28 No.6

The hot deformation behavior of as-cast CoNi-based superalloy was investigated by means of hot compression tests. Thecorresponding microstructure evolution after hot deformation was examined by optical microscope, as well as the TEMtechnique. The constitutive equation and processing map as a function of deformation temperature and strain rate were developed. Results show that the efficiency peak of the processing map is 0.38 at the temperature of 1130 °C and the strain rate of0.01 s−1. The discontinuous dynamic recrystallization (DDRX) related to the strain-induced grain boundary migration (SIBM)is the dominant recrystallization mechanism during hot working. Meanwhile, the DRX also occurs by forming sub-grainsaround MC carbides and shear band. In addition, the existence of fine γ′ precipitates are found to retard the recrystallization.

항정신병약물 사용 중인 정신분열병 환자에서 올란자판으로의 교체 방법에 관한 연구(II) : Comparison of Safety 안전성 비교

안용민,권용실,권준수,민성호,박두병,양문정,소형석,송종호,신윤식,우행원,유범희,이홍석,정한용,한창환,김용식 大韓神經精神醫學會 2002 신경정신의학 Vol.41 No.5

연구목적: 이 다기관 공동임상연구는 사용 중인 항정신병약물을 ’직접 교체 방법’또는 ’시작-감량 교체 방법’중 한 가지 방법으로 올란자핀으로 교체한 후, 안정성 측면에서 두 교체 방법 간의 비교와 교체후의 변화를 관찰하기 위한 것이다. 방법: 국내 13개 병원의 입원 및 외래에 내원한 환자들 중 ICD-10 지단기준으로 정신분열병에 해당되며, 임상적으로 항정신병약물 교체가 필요한 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 두 가지 교체 방법 중 한 가지를 무작위로 피험자에 적용하였으며, ’직접 교체 방법’에 배정된 경우에는 사용중인 항정신병약물을 일시에 중단하고 10㎎의 올란자핀을 바로 투여하였고, ’시작-감량 교체 방법’에 배정된 경우는 10㎎의 올란자핀 투여하고 2주에 걸쳐서 기존 약물을 감량하여 중단하였다. 올란자핀 사용기간은 총 6주이며, 용량은 5∼20㎎ 범위로 제한하였다. 한정성 평가를 위해서 체중, 생명징후, 자발적인 이상반응 복, 실험실 검사 그리고 Simpson-Angus Scale(SAS), Barnes akathisia rating scale(BARS), Abnormal involuntary movement scale(AIMS). Liverpool University neuroleptic side effect rating scale(LUNSERS)등을 이용하였다. 결과: 총 103명의 정신분열병 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 사용한 올란자핀의 용량, 벤조디아제핀의 병용률, 탈락률과 탈락 사유, 자발적인 이상반응 보고, 생명징후, 실험실 검사 그리고 대부분의 부작용 척도 상에서 임상적으로 의미 있는 차이를 두 교체 방법간에 발견하지 못하였다. 다만 AIMS의 감소는 ’직접 교체 방법’군에서 보다 적었고, 항콜린제의 병용률은 ’시작-감량 교체 방법’군에서 보다 많았다. 기저 상태에서 전체 피험자의 SAS와 BARS 점수는 각각 3.5점과 1.8점이었으며 70% 이상의 피험자가 고프로락틴 혈증을 보였다. 올란자핀으로 교체한 후, SAS, BARS, AIMS 점수의 유의한 감소가 있었으며 고프로락틴 혈증을 보인 피험자 분율도 약 30%이하로 감소하였다. 그러나 교체 방법과 상관없이 올란자핀 교체 후 유의한 체중 증가가 있었다. 결론: 이 연구를 통해 교체 방법에 관계없이 비교적 안전하고 용이하게 올란자핀으로 교체 할 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 기존 항정신병약물을 올란자핀으로 교체함으로써 일부 부작용들을 줄일 수 있음을 간접적으로 관찰할 수 있었다. 하지만 이 연구는 여러 제한점과 문제점을 지니고 있기 때문에 보다 체계적인 연구를 통해 검정이 필요하리라 생각된다. Objectives: This multicenter clinical trial involving 13 hospital sites compared the safely of switching to olanzapine between ’direct switching method’ and ’start-tapering switching method’. Method: This study included both inpatients and outpatients who fulfilled the criteria for schizophrenia as defined in the ICD-10, and were in need to be appropriate for switching antipsychotics. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of the two switching methods. For ’direct switching method’group, previous antipsychotics were abruptly discontinued and 10㎎ of olanzapine was administered, and previous antipsychotics was gradually tapered for 2 weeks. Olanzapine was used for 6 weeks and the dose was adjusted within the range of 5-20㎎. The safety of switching to olanzapine was measured with vital sings including body weight, adverse events reported spontaneously, laboratory tests, and various scales such as Simpson-Angus Scale(SAS), Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale(BARS). Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale(AIMS), and Liverpool University Neuroleptic Side Effect Rating Scale(LUNSERS). Results: 103 patients were switched to olanzapine in this study. The comparison between two switching methods did not show any significant difference in the dosage of olanzapine used, the concomitant use of benzodiazepine, the rate and reasons of drop-out, the adverse events, vital signs, laboratory tests, and most scales for measuring side-effects. However, the decrease in AIMS scores was significantly lower in ’direct switching method’ group, and the concomitant use of anticholinergics was comparatively greater in ’start-tapering switching method’ group. At baseline, SAS and BARS scores were 3.5 and 1.8 points respectively, and more than 70% of the subjects showed hyperprolactinemia. After switching to olanzapine, SAS, BARS, and AIMS scores were significantly decreased and the proportion of the patients with hyperprolactinemia was also decreased to less than 30%. However significant weight gain after the treatment of olanzapine was observed regardless of switching method. Conclusion: This study may suggest that switching to olanzapine can be done with relatively high safety regardless of switching methods and olanzapine can significantly decrease some side-effects induced by other antipsychotics.

자기효능감과 수업동기 및 학교생활적응간의 관계 탐색

김용래,유효현 弘益大學校 人文科學硏究所 2002 人文科學 Vol.10 No.-

The purpose of this examination was to find out the relationship among secondary school learners' self-efficacy, instructional motivation and school life-related coping. And in order to achieve the purpose of this examination sampled middle/high school learners in Seoul and other areas. The instruments used for the data collection were 「Self-efficacy Scale」 (Kim, A-Young, 1997), 「School Learning Motivation」 (Kim, Yong-Rae, 2000) and 「School Adjustment Scale」 (Kim, Yong-Rae, 2000). The collected data analysis were performed using SPSS/WIN(11.0V) program, and analysis Mean score(M), Standard Deviation(SD), Zero Order Correlation(r) and Multi-Regression Analysis All statistic values were tested by t-test and F-test in the significant level of p<05. And as for the major findings of this examination, 'self-efficacy', 'instructional motivation' and 'school life-related coping' were significantly positive correlation. And 'self-efficacy' and 'instructional motivation' were significantly positive influences on Korea secondary school learners' 'school life-related coping' respectively.

Metarrhizium anisopliae (Metschn.) Sorok이 생산하는 Biopolymer YU-122의 물리, 화학적 특성

최용석(Yong-Suk, Choi),옥승호(Seung-Ho Ohk),유주현(Ju-Hyun Yu),배동훈(Dong-Hoon Bai) 한국식품과학회 1997 한국식품과학회지 Vol.29 No.1

조선시대 주칠죽장연함의 수리

이용희,유혜선,김경수 국립중앙박물관 2000 박물관보존과학 Vol.2 No.-

국립중앙박물관 보존과학실에서는 벼루, 먹, 연적 등을 넣어 보관하는 조선시대 주칠죽장연함을 전통 목·칠공예기법으로 수리 복원하였다. 수리 이전의 전통적인 제작기법을 그대로 되살리기 위해 바탕목재의 재질과 결구방식, 칠의 재료와 기법, 문양의 구성 등을 조사하였다. 특히 이번에 수리한 주칠죽장연함은 부분적으로 손상된 칠면의 완벽한 복원이 가장 중요한 과제였으므로 표면 칠에 대한 조사에 중점을 두었다. 먼저 칠 기법을 조사하기 위해 연함으로부터 탈락된 칠도막 시료를 박편으로 가공하여 투과광현미경으로 관찰하였고, SEM-EDS와 X-선회절분석기로 칠에 혼합된 안료의 성분을 분석하였다. 그 결과 연함은 오동나무로 만든 목재바탕 표면에 얇게 가공한 대나무로 문양을 장식하고 그 여백에는 석간주(Fe₂O₃, Hematite)와 진사(HgS, Cinnabar)를 혼합한 주칠을 여러 차례 반복한 것으로 나타났다. Conservation Science Lab. of the National Museum of Korea recovered Bamboo-plated inkstone case which is used for keeping inkstick, inkstone and inkstone water container by using traditional lacquering and wooden art technology. Texture and construction method of wood, ingredients for lacquering and the method, and the design were analyzed in order to restore the original manufacturing method. Especially, perfect restoration of partially damaged lacquer surface is the most important aspect in restoring Bamboo plated inkstone case, therefore focus was put on investigation of surface lacquering. First, lacquering surface sample was taken off from the object and processed into flake and observed with trans mission microscope in order to investigate lacquering method and the pigment in the lacquering surface was analyzed with XRD and SEM-EDS. The result showed that the object was decorated with thin layered bamboo in the surface which is made of Royal paulownio. and lacquered several times with the mixture of Hematite(Fe₂O₃) and Cinnabar(HgS) in the remaining part.

尿中 鉛 및 蛋白質 排泄量의 補正方法에 關한 實驗的 硏究

兪炳龍,廉容泰,李恩一 고려대학교 의과대학 1994 고려대 의대 잡지 Vol.31 No.1

One of the most important issue in occupational health is to estimate the exposure status or health effects of workers by hazardous chemicals through biological monitoring. The one of the most commonly used tests in biological monitoring to assess the internal doseof a chemical is the measurement of a metabolite or sometimes of the chemical itself in urine. Results from a 24-hour specimen is most representative of average body burden, but it is more difficult to obtain, so it is impractical and more likely to be contaminated. Therefore the analyses are commonly performed on "spot" specimens, and it is necessary to correct the results for the dilution of the urine in order to obtain a reliable estimation by adjustment methods. The most commonly used methods are the specific gravity method and the creatinine method. But these adjustment methods are not reliable satisfactorily, and some other adjustment methods have been suggested by some researchers. This study had been done to develop more reliable adjustment methods of protein and lead measurement in spot urine, and to seek the factors which affect the variability of spot urine. The subjects were 10 workers who had been exposed to lead above TLV. The results were as follows : 1. The coefficients of variation of lead in urine were greater than those of protein both in 21 hour urine specimen and in spot urine specimen. And in the results in spot urine specimens, the coefficients of variation of adjusted concentrations were less than that of unadjusted concentrations of both the protein and lead. 2. The correlation coefficients of urinary lead(adjusted concentration and unadjusted concentration) between in spot urine specimen and in 24-hour urine specimen were 0.6-0.8, and those of creatinine adjusted value between in spot urine specimen and in 24-hour urine specimen were lower in workers who had high level of blood lead(<40㎍/dl) than in workers who had low level of blood lead(>40㎍/dl). 3. The correlation coefficients of urinary protein(adjusted concentrations and unadjusted concentration) between in spot 'urine specimen and in 24-hour urine specimen were 0.6-0.8, and those of creatinine adjusted value between in spot urine specimen and in 24-hour urine specimen were lower in workers who had high level of blood lead(>40㎍/dl) than in workers who had low level of blood lead(<40㎍/dl). 4. The spot urine concentrations adjusted by log-creatinine both of protein and lead were correlated highest to 24 hour urine concentrations in all three adjustment methods such as creatinine adjustment, log-creatinine adjustment and specific gravity adjustment method. 5. The important factors which affect the variation of spot urine were specific gravity in urinary lead, and specific gravity and urinary volume or blood lead and specific gravity in urinary protein. 6. Urinary lead concentrations was not affected seriously by urinary creatinine and urinary volume, but urinary protein concentration was affected largely by urinary creatinine, specific gravity and urinary volume. The urinary protein adjusted by specific gravity was less affected than other adjustment methods. 7. The recommended adjustment method for urinary lead and protein in worker exposed to lead above TLV is log-creatinine method and specific gravity method.

절인반경차이에 따른 연질재료의 정밀가공 특성 연구

유기현,권용기 韓國工作機械學會 2000 한국생산제조학회지 Vol.9 No.1

This paper deals with the precision cutting characteristics of mono-crystal diamonds, poly-crystal diamonds and tungsten carbide tool on ductile material. The cutting tests were carried out under various uncut chip areas and 20㎛ depth of engagement. The machinability in precision machining was discussed from the viewpoints of the normal cutting forces and the surface roughness of the workpiece. As the feed rate decreases, the normal force difference for cutting edge radii appears to be large. In various cutting edge radii, the surface roughness difference when cut the copper which is ductile material than the aluminium alloy is large. As the same cutting condition, the hardness value on cut surface with the diamond tool appears to be smaller than that of the tungsten carbide tool.

폴록사머를 이용한 디클로페낙 고형 좌제의 개발

용철순,오유경,김정애,김용일,박상만,양준호,이종달,최한곤 한국약제학회 2004 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.34 No.2

To develop a poloxamer-based solid suppository with poloxamer mixtures, the melting points of various formulations composed of P 124 and P 188 were investigated. To investigate the effect of poloxamer to the dissolution and dissolution mechanism of diclofenac sodium from the suppository the dissolution of diclofenac sodium delivered by the poloxamer-based suppository was performed. Furthermore, to investigate the mucoadhesive property of the poloxamer-based solid suppository, the identification test in the rectum was carried out after its rectal administration in rats. The poloxamer mixtures composed of P 124 and P 188 were homogeneous. Very small amounts of P 188 affected the melting points of poloxamer mixtures. In particular, the poloxamer mixture [P 124/P 188 (97/3%)] with the melting point of about 32℃ was a solid form at room temperature and instantly melted at physiological temperature. Furthermore, very small amounts of P 188 in the poloxamer-based suppository hardly affected the dissolution rates of diclofenac sodium from the suppository. Dissolution mechanism analysis showed the dissolution of diclofenac sodium was proportional to the time. At 4 h after administration, the blue color of poloxamer-based suppository [diclofenac sodium/poloxamer mixture (2.5/97.5%)] with the P 124/P 188 ratio of (97/3%) and blue lake in the rectum was faded. However, the position of suppository in the rectum did not significantly change with time. Thus, it retained in the rectum for at least 4 h. Our results indicated that the poloxamer-based solid suppository with P 124 and P 188 would be a candidate of rectal dosage from for diclofenac sodium.

회전익 항공기용 외활형식 착륙장치의 정ㆍ동적 분석에 관한 연구

유용석,이동명,채경덕,오택열 경희대학교 산학협력기술연구원 1996 산학협력기술연구논문집 Vol.2 No.-

It is important to make sure of design's reasonability concerning of structural vibration problems and safety with fulfilling the research and with analyzing the body structures that include the landing gear which has dynamic significant characteristics in helicopter, and to make systematical procedure which obtains engineering data to guarantee the quality of the helicopter that was developed by testing of parts, subsystems and body. In this study, Analysis of landing gear under FAR regulations was attempted, and systematical procedure for static and dynamic characteristics of the landing gear in many subsystems of the helicopter was classified.