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Kim, Kyung-Yong,Kwon, Younghyuk,Bazarragchaa, Munkhtsetseg,Park, Ae-Ja,Bang, Hyowon,Lee, Won-Bok,Lee, Junyoung,Lee, Kwang-Ho,Kim, Bum-Joon,Kim, Kijeong Springer International ; Springer 2013 International journal of legal medicine Vol.127 No.1
<P>Allelic dropout due to stochastic variation in degraded small quantity DNA appears to be one of the most serious genotyping errors. Most methods require PCR replication to address this problem. The small amounts of valuable samples are often a limitation for such replications. We report a real-time PCR-based amelogonin Y (AMELY) allele dropout estimation model in an AMEL-based gender typing. We examined 915 replicates of AMELY-positive modern male DNA with varying amounts of DNA and humic acid. A male-specific AMEL fragment (AMELy) dropped out in 143 genuine male replicates, leading to gender typing errors. By graphing a scatter plot of the crossing point versus the end cycle fluorescence of the male replicates, a standard graph model for the estimation of the AMELy allele dropout was constructed with the dropout-prone and dropout-free zones. This model was then applied to ancient DNA (aDNA) samples. Nine samples identified as female were found in the dropout-prone zone; with higher DNA concentrations, six were shifted to the dropout-free zone. Among them, two female identifications were converted to male. All the aDNA gender was confirmed by sex-determination region Y marker amplification. Our data suggest that this model could be a basic approach for securing AMELy allele dropout-safe data from the stochastic variation of degraded inhibitory DNA samples.</P>
全南 康津郡 大口面 史蹟68號 高麗靑瓷 陶窯址에서 出土된 靑瓷破片에 關하여
鄭昌柱,李泰浩,白龍赫 全南大學校 湖南文化硏究所 1982 호남학 Vol.12 No.-
We studied the raw clays which was probably used in manufacturing of koryo celadon and now available, and excavated celadon fragments, around koryo celadon site, historical site 68th., located in Daegu Myon, Kangjin kun, Chonnam. The results are as follows: 1) These clays contained 2.27-5.85% of Fe₂O₃, which seemed to be the main source of celadon bodies, and 3.91-5.48% of alkali(Na₂O+K₂O) components. It was understood that these clays contained much more of Fe₂O₃ and alkali than any other kinds of clays. The alkali existed as the forms of feldspar and muscovite. 2) The plasticity of these clays were excellent and was contributed by the existence of fine particles and such minerals as muscovite. 3) The sintering characteristics of these clays are prominent. It seems that the components of clays except SiO₂ and Al₂O₃ have effected on it and the refractoriness is lower than any other kaolin minerals. 4) As I supposed excavated bodies of celadon were formed by jigger and string method and collected celadon fragments were celadon glazed and almost all fragments showed inlayed figures. 5)It seems the chemical composition of the bodies of celadon was similar to the examined clays, and the glaze of celadon looked to be used with natural glaze which contains rich iron components. 6) As the results of thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscope, the firing temperature of celadon was around 1,200℃, which was comparatively lower than usual porcelain, and the firing time was longer than usual.
자동 개폐 시스템 내구 열화 고려한 소음 진동 최적화 구조 연구
변민형(Minhyung Byun),조정현(Junghyun Jo),박병성(Byungsung Park),임용혁(Younghyuk Im),이종원(Jongwon Lee),이윤종(Yoonjong Lee),홍석현(Sukhyun Hong) 한국자동차공학회 2020 한국자동차공학회 학술대회 및 전시회 Vol.2020 No.11
As consumers’ automatic open and close systems needs for vehicles grow, automation systems have recently been applied to many parts. Regardless of the dynamic characteristics of vehicles, it is often necessary to design such automation systems in places that are good for lay-out of vehicles when a single product is made by a business partner. However, development in this way may result in durability, operating sound problems as NVH elements are designed without consideration. Also, this is a huge loss due to the continued Carry Over through copy of the company’s products, not just one product. In this paper, the customer’s needs are qualitatively/quantitatively understood and specific. To set and achieve the goal, the purpose of applying the automatic switching system to the most advantageous position is to limit the systems that affect the operating sound and durability deterioration of the system, rather than to improve the durability, not to improve the operating sound, and the dynamic characteristics (ATF, Point Mobility) of the system. In addition to improving noise and durability degradation, the company also intends to reduce costs/weights at the same time to provide customers with superior merchantability compared to existing types.