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Multiple Functional Effects of Korea Ginseng on Vascular Endothelial Cells
Young-Myeong Kim(김영명),Young-Chul Lee 고려인삼학회 2006 고려인삼학회 학술대회 Vol.- No.-
다양한 연구에 따르면, 고려인삼은 허약한 체질, 숙취, 폐경과 월경불순, 초기 당뇨병, 영양실조, 빈혈 및 단백질 부족, 간기능 악화, 각종 독성물질에 기인한 중독, 피로, 추위, 스트레스, 산후조리, 체력쇠퇴 등에 효능이 있음이 알려져 있다 특히 고려인삼은 혈관 기능을 효과적으로 조절함으로 고혈압, 뇌졸중, 심근경색, 동맥경화, 관절염, 당뇨, 비만 등의 질환을 효과적으로 치료하거나 예방할 수 있는 효능이 있음이 최근 연구에 의하여 밝혀지고 있다 그러나 고려인삼 . 약리효능의 표적분자(target molecule)나 생화학적 작용기전(biochemical mechanism)이 세포 및 분자 수준에서 규명되지 못하여 고려인삼이의약품으로 인정받지 못하고 건강식품으로 분류되고 있어 소비가 한인ㆍ흑인ㆍ히스패닉 시장에 한정되고 있고, 최근에는 타 경쟁국 인삼에 비해 수출 경쟁력이 약화되고 있는 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 고려인삼 추출물과 효능성분이 혈관내피세포 기능조절에 미치는 효능 및 작용기전을 규명하여 고려인삼이 호발성 혈관질환에 대한 예방 및 치료 효능이 있음을 분자 및 유전자 수준에서 확인하고자 하였다.
홍순주,김영명,이진하,천병익,Hong, Sun-Joo,Kim, Young-Myeong,Lee, Jin-Ha,Cheon, Byoung-Ik 생화학분자생물학회 1984 한국생화학회지 Vol.17 No.3
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii에 N-methyl-N-nitroso-N-nitrosoguanidine을 처리하여 acetate 요구성 변이주, KX8215와 KX8261을 얻었고 여기에서 ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase를 분리하여 그 특성을 연구하였다. 2가 금속이온 $Mg^{2+}$, $Ni^{2+}$, $Co^{2+}$ 등은 효소 활성을 증가시켰고 할로겐족 음이온 $Cl^-$, $I^-$, $Br^-$ 등은 효소 활성을 저해하였으나 $Cu^{2+}$는 활성에 거의 영향을 주지 않았다. 또한 변이주 효소의 이온 영향, 최적 pH 그리고 효소 단백질의 함량 등은 야생종의 경우와 별 차이가 없었다. 변이주 효소의 최적온도는 $35^{\circ}C$로 야생종 효소의 $25^{\circ}C$ 보다 $10^{\circ}C$높았다. 중요한 점은 변이주 효소의 고유 활성도가 야생종 효소보다 현저하게 낮아진데 반해 변이주 효소의 Km(RuBP) 와 Km($Co_2$) 값은 야생종 효소보다 상당히 크게 나타난 것인데 이는 변이의 결과로 효소에 대한 RuBP와 $Co_2$의 친화력이 감소된 때문이라고 생각한다. 이상의 결과는 변이체 효소의 큰 subunit의 구조유전자에 변화가 일어났고 따라서 이 변이의 유전은 non-Mendelian이라는 추리를 가능케 한다. Ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase isolated from acetate requiring mutants, KX8215 and KX8261, of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii which were obtained by N-methyl-N-nitroso-N-nitrosoguanidine treatment have been characterized. Divalent metal cations, $Mg^{2+}$, $Ni^{2+}$, and $Co^{2+}$ appeared to enchance the enzyme activity whereas halogen anions, $Cl^-$, $I^-$, and $Br^-$ inhibited the enzyme activity. No difference between the mutant enzymes and that of the wild type has been detected in regards of ion effects, pH requirement, and the level of enzyme protein. Optimum temperature of the enzymes from both mutants were found to be higher at $35^{\circ}C$ than at $25^{\circ}C$ of the wild type enzyme. The specific activities of the mutant enzymes were remarkably lower than that of the wild type enzyme whereas Km (RuBP) and Km ($Co_2$) values of the former were significantly higher than those of the later, indicating that the affinities of the enzyme for RuBP and/or $Co_2$ are reduced as a result of the mutation. These results seem to support the previous indication that the lowered activities of the mutant enzymes would be due to the alteration in a structural gene for the large subunit in the enzymes and thus the inheritance of the mutation is non-Mendelian.
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 변이체의 Ribulose - 1 , 5 - Bisphosphate carboxylase 에 관한 연구
홍순주,김영명,이진하,천병익 ( Sun Joo Hong,Young Myeong Kim,Jin Ha Lee,Byoung Ik Cheon ) 생화학분자생물학회 1984 BMB Reports Vol.17 No.2
Ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase isolated from acetate requiring mutants, KX8215 and KX8261, of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii which were obtained by N-methyl-N-nitrosoN-nitrosoguanidine treatment have been characterized. Divalent metal cations, Mg^(2+), Ni^(2+), and Co^(2+) appeared to enchance the enzyme activity whereas halogen anions, Cl^-, I^-, and Br inhibited the enzyme activity. No difference between the mutant enzymes and that of the wild type has been detected in regards of ion effects, pH requirement, and the level of enzyme protein. Optimum temperature of the enzymes from both mutants were found to be higher at 35℃ than at 25℃ of the wild type enzyme. The specific activities of the mutant enzymes were remarkably lower than that of the wild type enzyme whereas Km(RuBP) and Km (CO₂) values of the former were significantly higher than those of the later, indicating that the affinities of the enzyme for RuBP and/or CO₂ are reduced as a result of the mutation. These results seem to support the previous indication that the lowered activities of the mutant enzymes would be due to the alteration in a structural gene for the large subunit in the enzymes and thus the inheritance of the mutation is non-Mendelian.
Ti plasmid vector 를 이용한 진핵세포 유전자의 도입에 관한 연구
이희봉,주충노,홍순주,김성완,임창진,김영명 ( Hee Bong Lee,Chung No Joo,Sun Joo Hong,Seong Wan Kim,Chang Jin Lim,Young Myeong Kim ) 생화학분자생물학회 1989 BMB Reports Vol.22 No.1
DNA recombination using plasmid pGA658, a Ti plasmid vector, was tried to study the role of yeast homoserine dehydrogenase after introducing its gene into plant cells. Two recombinant plasmids with opposite orientation of the gene DNA under nos promoter of vector pGA658, pKDB1 and pKDB2, were constructed by the aid of two intermediate vectors, pUC7 and pUC119. Transformed E. coli and Agrobacterium tumefaciens were confirmed by the resistance to appropriate antibiotics and by sizing DNA restriction fragments after plasmid isolation. Assay of homoserine dehydrogenase activity showed that a little increase in its activity was detected in transformed E. coli. but no increase in transformed Agrobacterium tumefaciens, compared with its untransformed strain.
Ti Plamid Vector System 을 이용한 외래 유전자의 도입 : ( 2 ) E . coli thioredoxin 유전자의 배양된 담배세포내 발현
이희봉,주충노,홍순주,김성완,임창진,김영명 ( Hee Bong Lee,Chung No Joo,Soon Joo Hong,Seong Wan Kim,Chang Jin Lim,Young Myeong Kim ) 생화학분자생물학회 1988 BMB Reports Vol.21 No.4
This study was performed to observe the expression of E. coli thioredoxin gene incorporated in tobacco cells. The recombinant DNA used, pKDB3, had been constructed from a Ti plasmid vector pGA658 and a bacterial plasmid pCJF4 harboring E. coli thioredoxin gene, as described in the preceding paper (Lee et al., 1988). The leaf discs of plant (N. tabacum cv Xanthi) were transformed to kanamycin resistance by the cocultivation with Agrobacterium A281 containing plasmid pKDB3. Transformed leaf discs were cultured in MS agar medium with kanamycin for callus induction. Kanamycin-resistant tobacco calli were continuously grown in MS agar medium for shoot induction, and then in MS agar medium for root induction. Expression of E. coli thioredoxin gene in the plant tissue regenerated from transformed tobacco cells was confirmed by DTNB assay. The thioredoxin activity of transformed tobacco cells was much higher (about 9 times) than that of normal tobacco cells. Our results suggest that E. coli thioredoxin gene was successfully incorporated into tobacco cells, and the incorporated bacterial gene could be expressed at a high level.
Ti Plasmid Vector System 을 이용한 외래 유전자의 도입 : ( 1 ) A . tumefaciens 로의 E . coli Thioredonxin 유전자의 도입
이희봉,주충노,홍순주,김성완,임창진,김영명 ( Hee Bong Lee,Chung No Joo,Soon Joo Hong Seong Wan Kim,Chang Jin Lim,Young Myeong Kim ) 생화학분자생물학회 1988 BMB Reports Vol.21 No.4
In this part of study on the incorporation of foreign gene into plant cells, a derivative of Ti plasmid vector (pGA658), containing E. coli thioredoxin gene, was prepared and introduced into Agrobacterium tumefaciens. A recombinant plasmid, pKDB3, was constructed by transferring HindIII-BamHI DNA fragment of pCJF4, including E. coli thioredoxin gene, into HindIII-BgIII restriction sites of plasmid pGA658. By doing this, E. coli thioredoxin gene is expected to express from nos promoter of pGA658 after the incorporation into plant cells. The structure of DNAs isolated from kanamycin-resistant E. coli transformants was convinced by restriction mapping. As a preceding step before incorporation into plant cells, the recombinant plasmid pKDB3 was transformed into A. tumefaciens by freeze-thaw procedure. In Agrobacterium transformants, the expression of E. coli thioredoxin gene was positively observed, and this suggested the stable existence of the E. coli gene.
이희봉,주충노,홍순주,김성완,임창진,김영명,Lee, Hee-Bong,Joo, Chung-No,Hong, Soon-Joo,Kim, Seong-Wan,Lim, Chang-Jin,Kim, Young-Myeong 생화학분자생물학회 1988 한국생화학회지 Vol.21 No.4
본 연구에서는 E. coli thioredoxin 유전자를 함유하고 있는 재조합된 plasmid pKDB3의 담배세포내로의 도입을 시도하고, 도입된 thioredoxin 유전자의 발현을 조사하였다. 담배(Nicotina tabacum cv Xanthi) 세포로의 재조합 plasmid pKDB3의 도입은 담배잎 절편과 재조합 DNA 및 helper Ti plasmid pTiBo 542를 함유하고 있는 Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain A281과의 cocultivation 방법을 이용하여 행하여졌으며, 형질전환된 담배세포는 항생물질 저항성 배지에서의 callus 형성 여부로 선별되었고, 선별된 형질전환된 calli는 shoot와 root 형성을 위해 적절한 MS agar 배지에서 계속 키워졌다. 이와 같이 형질전환된 담배세포에서 완전한 식물체로 재생된 담배잎에서의 E. coli thioredoxin 유전자의 발현을 조사한 결과 thioredoxin 활성이 형질전환된 담배세포가 정상세포에 비해 9배 정도 더 큰 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 일련의 결과들은 E. coli thioredoxin 유전자가 성공적으로 담배세포에 들어가서 높은 수준으로 발현됨을 보여주고 있다. This study was performed to observe the expression of E. coli thioredoxin gene incorporated in tobacco cells. The recombinant DNA used, pKDB3, had been constructed from a Ti plasmid vector pGA658 and a bacterial plasmid pCJF4 harboring E. coli thioredoxin gene, as described in the preceding paper (Lee et al., 1988). The leaf discs of plant (N. tabacum cv Xanthi) were transformed to kanamycin resistance by the cocultivation with Agrobacterium A281 containing plasmid pKDB3. Transformed leaf discs were cultured in MS agar medium with kanamycin for callus induction. Kanamycin-resistant tobacco calli were continuously grown in MS agar medium for shoot induction, and then in MS agar medium for root induction. Expression of E. coli thioredoxin gene in the plant tissue regenerated from transformed tobacco cells was confirmed by DTNB assay. The thioredoxin activity of transformed tobacco cells was much higher (about 9 times) than that of normal tobacco cells. Our results suggest that E. coli thioredoxin gene was successfully incorporated into tobacco cells, and the incorporated bacterial gene could be expressed at a high level.