Dynamic Young's Modulus and Internal Friction in Polycrystalline Copper

Kang, Chang-Seog,Chang, Si-Young,Hong, Sung-Kil 대한금속재료학회 2003 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.9 No.5

An attempt has been made to measure the temperature dependence of dynamic Young's modulus together with the related variation of internal friction in polycrystalline copper. A mechanical spectroscopy study was employed using a standard servo hydraulic fatigue testing machine equipped with a scanning laser extensometer. Dynamic Young's modulus and internal friction were measured over a temperature range of 298 to 873 K at very low frequencies of 0.1, 0.05, and 0.01 Hz. One internal friction peak was observed over the ranges 450 to 700 K, together with marked decreases in the dynamic Young's modulus in the same temperature range. From a quantitative analysis of the experimental data with the relaxation strength, relaxation time, and activation energy, it is concluded that the peak phenomenon is due to grain-boundary sliding relaxation.

Multiple myeloma 환자에서 Bortezomib치료 후 발생한 마비성 장폐색증 1례

김준영,이원식,손창학,박성길,진한영,박석주,조영완,정은욱,강명주,박정하,주영돈 인제대학교 2006 仁濟醫學 Vol.27 No.-

Bortezomib is the first clinically available proteasome inhibitor that is clinically effective in the treatment of multiple myeloma. A proteasome inhibitor acts through multiple mechanisms to arrest tumor growth, tumor spread, and angiogenesis. The main adverse effects of bortezomib are gastrointestinal symptoms, cytopenia, fatigue, and peripheral neuropathy. To date, severe paralytic ileus has not been reported as a toxic effect of bortezomib treatment in multiple myeloma. Bortezomib is a novel agent that has only been used clinically for 30 months, so a need exists to further evaluate its toxicity. We report a case of grade Ⅲ (NCI CTCAE v3.0) or grade Ⅳ(SWOG toxicity criteria) paralytic ileus in a 65-year-old man with relapsed multiple myeloma who underwent one cycle of single-agent bortezomib treatment scheduled in a 21-day cycle (1.3 mg/㎥ as a single i.v. bolus on days 1, 4, 8, and 11).

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

Tibolone이 폐경 후 여성의 삶의 질에 미치는 영향

강길전,오영균 충남대학교 의과대학 의학연구소 2002 충남의대잡지 Vol.29 No.2

The effect of tibolone, a synthetic steroid with tissue-specific activity, on quality of life in healthy postmenopausal women was studied. A total of 55 women were randomised to 2.5 ㎎ tibolone or to a calcium drug daily for 12 months. Quality of life was assessed by the Blumel method. Information on the occurrence of climacteric complaints and incidences of side effects were also gathered. Compared to baseline values. the tibolone group significantly improved on four out of six domains. including emotional disorder, energy reduction. physical mobility, and social isolation. However. the domains of sleep disorder and pain did not improve. This effect was not a placebo effect in comparison with the control group. The occurrence of hot flushes and nightly sweats was significantly- lower in the tibolone group compared to the control group after 12 months of treatment. Throughout the study period only a few women in the study group and the control group were observed. This did not cause a significant problem. Tibolone can improve the guality of life in postmenopausal women. but the exact mechanism remain to be resolved.

Effects of Forage Utilization on Grain Yield of Naked and Maliting Barley in Cheju Province

姜榮吉 제주대학교 1990 논문집 Vol.31 No.-

濟州地方에 있어서 種實用보다 早播한 쌀보리와 麥酒보리와 生育初期 靑草利用이 生育 및 收量에 미치는 影響을 구명하고자 濟州, 涯月, 西歸에서 새살보리와 斗山 22號(麥酒보리)를 공시하여 시험한 결과를 要約하면 다음과 같다. 1. 3回 刈取한 쌀보리의 靑草收量은 濟州, 涯月, 西歸에서 각각 1247,820,1327kg/10a 였고 2回 刈取한 麥酒보리의 靑草收量은 각각 1189,515,930 ㎏/10a 였다. 2. 쌀보리의 3 地域 平均 出穗期는 種實單用區에서 보다 靑草利用區에서 2日 빨랐으나 맥주보리에서는 靑草利用에 따른 出穗期는 지역에 따라 차이가 있었다. 3. 稈長은 西歸의 麥酒보리를 제외하고는 靑草利用에 의하여 減少되었다. 4. ㎡당 穗數는 品種과 地域에 관계없이 種實單用과 靑草利用區間 차이가 없었다. 穗當粒數, 1000粒重, L重은 品種과 地域에 따라 靑草利用에 따는 일정한 경향이 없었다. 5. 3 地域 平均 쌀보리의 種實收量은 種實單用과 靑草利用區間 차이가 없었으나 麥酒보리의 種實收量은 濟州 및 涯月의 경우 靑草利用에 의하여 減少되었다. 10a當 藁重은 品種에 관계없이 靑草利用에 의하여 減少되었다. This study was conducted to determine the effects of forage utilization on the growth and yield of naked and malting barley in Cheju province. 'Saessalbori' (naked barley) and 'Doosan 22' (malting barley) were grown at three locations in grain-only and forage utilization systems. Barley for the grain-only system was seeded in early to mid-November and that for the forage utilization system, in mid-October. Total fresh forage yields of naked barley harvested thrice at Cheju, Aeweol and Seogwi were 1247, 820 and 1327 kg/10a, respecively, and those of malting barley harvested twice were 1189, 515 and 930 kg/10a, respectively. Naked barley headed two days earlier in the forage utilization system, than in the grain-only ststem. averaging three locations, Forage utilization did not consistently affect heading data of malting barley grown at three locations. Forage utilization significantly reduced culm length, regardless of cultivars and locations, except that on malting barley at Seogwi. The number of spiked per ㎡ of two cultivars did not significantly differ in the two production systems. irrespective of location, The number of kernels per spike, 1000-kernel weight and test weight of two cultivars were not consistently influenced by the production system. The three-location average grain yields of naked barley did not significantly differ in two production systems. However, forage utilization significantly decreased grain yield of malting barley at Cheju and Aeweol. Straw yield of two cultivars was decreased by forage utilization.

온주밀감의 수체부위에 따른 질소 함량 및 집적량

강영길,유장걸,오현도,오상호 濟州大學校 亞熱帶農業硏究所 1998 亞熱帶農業硏究 Vol.15 No.-

온주밀감에 있어 질소 시비법 개선의 기초자료로 활용하고자 흑색화산회토에 재식된 8년생 궁천조생 16 그루를 대상으로 수체부위별 건물중, N 함량, N 축적량, 건물중 및 N 축적량의 수체부위별 분포비율 등을 조사·분석한 견과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 그루당 건물중은 7.2~12.6 kg의 범위에 있었고 평균이 10.3 kg, CV가 16.5%이었다. 수체부위별 평균 건물중 분포비율은 뿌리에 총건물중의 22.6%, 줄기에 38.8%, 잎에 14.9%, 과실에 23.7%가 분포되어 있었다. 그루간 수체부위별 건물중 분포비율의 CV는 잎에서 가장 적었고(7.8%) 근간 및 수간에서 매우 컸다(38.5 및 42.6%). 2. 나무 전체 평균 N 함량은 1.13%이었고 뿌리, 줄기, 잎, 과실의 평균 N 함량은 각각 0.96, 0.75. 2.58, 0.99%이였으며, 세근, 녹지의 N 함량은 각각 1.83, 1.18%로 비교적 많은 편이었다. 수체부위별 N 함량의 CV는 4.3~14.6%로 건물중에 비하여 현저히 낮았고 잎(6.8%), 과육(4.6%), 과피(5.5%)에서 적었으나 녹지에서는 14.6%로 컸다. 3. 그루당 N 축적량은 80~145 9의 범위에 있었고 평균이 116 g이었는데, 뿌리에 N 총축적량의 19.3%, 줄기에 25.9%, 잎에 34.0%, 과실에 20.8%가 분포되어 있었다. 뿌리내 N 축적량의 16.4, 32.6, 51.0%가 각각 근간(stock), 중·대근, 세근에, 줄기내 N 축적량의 12.2, 19.8, 26 2, 41.8%가 각각 수간, 대지, 중지, 녹지에, 과실 N 축적량의 68.5%가 과육에 집적되어 있었다. 그루간 수체부위별 N 축적량의 CV는 수체부위별 건물중 분포비율에서와 대체로 비슷한 경향이었다. Dry weight, N content and accumulation, and the distribution of dry weight and N accumulation in various plant parts of sixteen 8-year old Satsuma mandarin trees (Citrus unshiu Marc. Cv. Miyakawa Wase) grown in volcanic ash soil were determined in December 1997 to obtain some information for improving N fertilization. Dry weight per tree ranged from 7.2 to 12.6 kg and averaged 10.3 kg (CV 16.5%) Roots, stems, leaves and fruits had 22.6, 38.8, 14.9, and 23.7% of total dry weight, respectively. The coefficient of variability for leaf dry weight distribution among 16 trees was least (7.8%) while the CV for stock and trunk dry weights great (38.5 and 42.6%, respectively). Average N content for whole tree, roots, stems, leaves and fruits had 1.13, 0.96, 0.75, 2.58 and 0.99%, respectively. Fine roots and twigs also had higher N content with 1.83 and 1.18%, respectively. The coefficient of variability for N content in the various parts of trees ranged from 4.3 (fruits) to 14.6% (twigs) and was much smaller than the CV for dry weight and N accumulation. Nitrogen accumulation per tree ranged from 80 to 145 g and averaged 116 g. Whole roots, stems, leaves and fruits had 19.3, 25.9, 34.0, and 20.8% of total N accumulation of whole tree, respectively. Stock, medium-big roots, and fine roots had 16.4. 32.6, and 51.0% of total N accumulation in whole roots, respectively, while trunk, big and medium branches, and twigs 12.2, 19.8, 26.2 and 41.8% of N accumulated in whole stems, respectively, and pulp 68.5% of N accumulated in whole fruit. The coefficients of variability for N a cumulation distribution among 16 trees had similar trend with dry weight distribution.

제주지방에 있어서 파종기에 따른 겨울작물의 풋베기 생산성

강영길,조남기,김용찬 濟州大學校 亞熱帶農業硏究所 1999 亞熱帶農業硏究 Vol.16 No.-

제주지방에서 파종기가 몇 종류의 겨울작물의 풋베기 수량에 미치는 영향을 조사하여 파종기에 알맞은 작물을 선발하고자 1998-1999년에 제주에서 이탈리안 라이그라스(Bamultra), 귀리(올귀리), 유채(Akela), 헤어리 베치(제주수집종), 완두(제주수집증)을 1998년 9월 1일, 10월 3일, 11월 5일에 파종하여 건물, 조단백질, TDN수량 등을 조사한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 파종기별 ha당 건물, 조단백질, TDN 수량은 9월 1일 파종구에서는 유채가 각각 13,500, 2,656, 8,423kg으로 가장 많았고 이탈리안 라이그라스(9,685, 1,168, 5,945kg), 헤어리 베치(4,706, 904, 2,763, 완두(4,063, 824, 2716kg), 귀리(2,469, 377, 1,618kg)순이었다. 10월 3일 파종구의 건물 및 TDN수량은 이탈리안 라이그라스가 각각 10,028, 6,156kg으로 가장 많았고 유채, 귀리, 헤어리 베치, 완두 순이었으나 조단백질 수량은 유채가 1,475kg으로 가장 많았고 이탈리안 라이그라스, 헤어리 베치, 귀리, 완두 순이었다. 11월 5일 파종구의 경우 이탈리안 라이그라스가 각각 10,115, 1,220, 6,209kg으로 가장 많았으나 귀리, 유채, 헤어리 베치, 완두 순이었다. 이탈리안 라이그라스는 파종기간 건물, 조단백질, TDN수량 등이 별차이가 없었으나, 파종이 늦을수록 귀리의 수량이 많아졌고 유채, 헤어리 베치, 완두의 수량은 적어졌다. 제주지방에 있어서 9월 상순까지 파종할 경우 유채가 유리하고 10월이후에는 이탈리안 라이그라스가 유망할 것이다. A cultivar of Italian ryegrass ('Bamultra'), oat('Olgwiri'), rape ('Akela'), hairy vetch (local collection) and pea (local collection) was seeded on September 1, October 3 and November 5, 1998 at Cheju to evaluate the effects of seeding date on dry forage (DF), crude protein (CP), and total digestible nutrient (TDN) yields of five cool season crops. At September 1 seeding rape produced the greatest DF (13,500 kg/ha), CF (2,656 kg/ha), and TDN (8,423 kg/ha), followed by Italian ryegrass (9,685, 1,168, 5,945 kg/ha), hairy vetch (4,706, 904, 2,763 kg/ha), pea (4,063, 824, 2763 kg/ha), and oat (2,469, 377, 1,618 kg/ha). At October 1 seeding Italian ryegrass yielded the greatest DF (10,028 kg/ha) and TDN (6,156 kg/ha), followed by rape, oat, hairy vetch, and pea while rape had the greatest CF yield (1,475 kg/ha), followed by Italian ryegrass, hairy vetch, oat, and pea. At November 5 seeding Italia ryegrass yielded the greatest DF (10,115 kg/ha), CF (1,220 kg/ha), and TDN (6,209 kg/ha), followed by rape, oat, hairy vetch, and pea. Dry forage, CP and TDN yields of Italian ryegrass were not significantly affected by seeding date. As seeding was delayed, DF, CP and TDN yields of oat increased while those of rape, hairy vetch, and pea decreased. These results suggest that rape can be a suitable forage crop for early seeding (until early September) and Italian ryegrass for late planting (after early October) in Cheju area.

앞작물 재배와 질소 시비량의 차이에 따른 이탈리언라이그라스의 청예 수량

강영길,조남기,고영우,강민수,김용찬 濟州大學校 亞熱帶農業硏究所 1998 亞熱帶農業硏究 Vol.15 No.-

앞작물 재배와 질소시비량이 이탈리언라이그라스의 건물수량에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위해 1997년 제주에서 콩(백운콩, 남해콩, 소백나물콩), 녹두(금성녹두, 남평녹두), 팥(충주팥), 동부(제주재래), 수수류(Pioneer 931, Pioneer 988). 옥수수(Pioneer 3525)를 기준시비하에서 재배한 후, 질소 0, 40, 80kg/ha 시용하여 1997-1998년에 재배했던 이탈리언라이그라스의 포장 건물수량, 건물율 등을 조사한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 초장, 건물수량, 건물율은 모두 앞작물재배에 의하여 유의한 영향을 받지 않았고 앞작물과 질소시비량간의 상호작용도 유의하지 않았다. 초장과 건물중은 질소시비량의 차이에 따른 큰 차이가 있었으나 건물율은 질소시비량의 차이에 빠른 차이가 거의 없었다. 초장과 건물중은 질소시비량이 0, 40, 80kg/ha에서 각각 99.5. 118.1, 120.1cm와 5.77, 7.23, 7.70ton/ha이었다. 질소이용효율은 질소 40kg/ha 시용구에서 180.8kg이었던 것이 80kg/ha 사용구에서 96.3kg로 줄어들었다. 건물수량과 질소이용효율을 고려할 때 늦가을에 파종한 이탈리언라이그라스의 적정 질소시비량은 약 80kg/ha으로 판단된다. After soybean (3 cu1tivars), mungbean (2 cultivars), cowpea, adzuki bean, maize, sorghum, sorghum × sudangrass hybrid, and Japanese millet were harvested for forage in 1997. Italian ryegrass was grown at three N rates (0, 40, and 80kg/ha) at Cheju in a 1997-1998 crop season to evaluate the effects of previous cropping and N rate on the dry matter yield of Italian ryegrass. Plant height, dry matter yield and dry matter content were not influenced by the previous cropping. There was no significant interaction between previous cropping and N rate for the three traits. Plant height and dry matter yield were significantly affected by N rate but dry matter content was not. Averaged across the previous croppings, plant heights and dry matter yields at 0, 40, and 80kg N/ha were 99.5, 118.1, and 120.1 cm and 5.77, 7 23, and 7.70 t/ha, respectively. Nitrogen use efficiency decreased from 180.8 to 96.3 kg dry matter per kg N applied as N was increased from 40 to 80 kg/ha. The optimum N rate for Italian ryegrass planted in late fall at Cheju appeared about 80kg/ha in terms of dry matter yield and N use efficiency.

폴리에틸렌 멀칭이 土壤의 物理性과 作物의 發育 및 收量에 미치는 影響

姜榮吉 濟州大學校 亞熱帶農業硏究所 1985 亞熱帶農業硏究 Vol.2 No.-

The effects of different polyethylene mulches on soil temperature and soil water content, and emergence, flowering and yield of various crops were evaluated by analyzing the data of experiments conducted in Korea. Compared to bare soil, clear polyethylene mulch increased mean soil surface and soil temperatures by 3.1 and 2.7℃, respectively, while black polyethylene mulch increased mean soil surface temperature by 1.6℃ and mean soil temperature by 0.8℃. Bule, green and red polyethylene mulches increased soil temperature by 0.6 to 3℃. Polyethylene mulches increased soil temperature much more in clear days than in cloudy or rainy days and soil temperature increases were marked at the early growth stage. Polyethylene mulches conserved soil water and soil pores and reduced soil loss. Clear polyethylene mulch hastened both emergence and flowering by 5.7 days while black polyethylene quickened emergence and flowering by 8.6 and 1.3 days, respectively. Blue, green and red polyethylene mulches accelerated emergence and flowering of oeanuts by 4 to 7 days. Clear polythylene mulch increased mean yield of 26 crops by 33% and markedly increased yield of onions, peas, potatoes, red peppers, sesame and taro. black polyethylene mulch increased mean yield of 14 crops by 27% and markedly increased sesame yield. Blue, green and red polyethtylene mulches increased peanut yields by 6 to 10%.

불임환자의 임상적 고찰

강길전,김영범 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1991 충남의대잡지 Vol.18 No.2

From January 1990 through October 1991, two-handred and twentyone infertile couples were evaluated for their infertility problem. Of these 221 couples, 79 couples completed six fundamental infertility work-ups. The incidence of infertility was 6.6%. Tubal obstruction was the most common cause of infertility, being the causative factor in half of the patients. The distribution of other causative factor, such as male, ovulatory, peritoneal or cervical factor, was fairly uniform in the range of 22.1%-37.5%. Pregnacy rate was 31.6% and patients with ovulatory disorder were readily achieved pregnancy.