인터넷 중독 청소년들의 정신병리 및 대처 방식

안영균(Young Kyun Ahn),신영철(Young Chul Shin),고복자(Bok Ja Koh),심진현(Jin Hyun Shim),김범조(Bum Jo Kim),이승민(Seung Min Lee),이길홍(Kil Hong Lee) 한국중독정신의학회 2005 중독정신의학 Vol.9 No.1

This study was conducted to investigate the differences in psychopathology and coping strategies among internet addictors, over users and non addictors in high school students. Subjects were 273 high school students in Seoul city. Self rating questionnaires included demographic data, Young’s Internet Addiction Scale, SCL-90-R, Beck Depression Inventory, Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and The Way of Coping Strategy. Subjects were classified into 3 groups (addiction, over use, non addiction) by Internet Addiction Scale score. Prevalence of internet addiction was 4.3% and male adolescents were more addictive than female. Students who were mainly involved with internet chatting or game showed higher internet addiction score. The addiction group and over use group showed higher level of somatization, obsession, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, and paranoia than non-addicted group. Addiction group and over use group used passive coping strategies more frequently in the stressful situation than nonaddicted group. Also, the regression analysis for finding out causal factors that predicts internet addiction showed that emotion relieving strategy were important variable which predict internet addiction. Interpersonal sensitivity and emotion relieving coping strategy was important to predict addiction. This study showed that problematic internet use was closely associated with psychopathology and psychiatric comorbidity. And high interpersonal sensitivity and emotion relieving coping strategy were related with internet addiction in adolescence.

相壓下에서 Melamine 合成에 關한 硏究

申永祚 釜山工業大學校 1964 論文集 Vol.3 No.-

MeIamine is a member of a class of compounds known as the triazines. It is one of the most recent additions to the field of important industrial chemicals. It has shown Great promise in the field of amino plastics owing to its remarkable stability to heat and light; and its reactions lead to the belief that it will become an increasing useful basic materaial for organic synthes-is. The purpose of this paper is a study of the meIamine preparation in atmospheric pressure. without the useing of the liquid ammonium and the seperation dicyandiamide from caicium cyanamide, this study has been attempted. Pyrolysis of anhydrous cyanamide, and dicyandiamide, In the open reactor or in the presence of solvents at atmospheric pressure, does not give rise to high yilds of melamine. Some descriptive and determinative chemical and physical properties of the melamine, picyandiamide, and cyanamide was also given in this paper.

銅 Phthalocyanine 合成에 關한 硏究

申永祚 釜山工業大學校 1969 論文集 Vol.8 No.-

동 Phthalocyanine합성에 있어서 표에 나타나 있는 바와 같이 무수후탈산과 요소의 반응비는 요소를 다소 excess로 사용하여 무수 Phthal산의 이용율을 높이는 것은 일반적인 유기반응의 원칙이고 방응온도에 이르기까지의 가열시간은 매우 중요하다. 즉 가열시간이 너무 짧으면 반응물질의 열확산이 좋지 못하여 과열되는 부분의 열분해에 의한 수율의 저하와 여기서 생성된 분해생성물이 불순물로서 처리 되어야 되기 때문에 곤란을 느끼면 가열시간이 너무 길어도 반응물이 반응온도 이전에서 용융 승화하여 수율이 좋지 못하므로 반응온도까지의 가열시간과 반응열의 열확산은 매우 중요하다.

맑시즘과 포스트모더니즘 : The Postmodern Marxism of The Amherst School 미국 앰허스트학파의 탈근대적 맑스주의

신조영 서울대학교 사회과학연구원 1997 한국사회과학 Vol.19 No.3

맑스주의는 실로 다양하고 풍부한 전통을 갖고 있다. 맑스주의를 '단수'가 아닌 '복수'로 파악하는 것-다시 말해 맑스주의를 하나의 거대한 경직된 체계가 아닌 다양한 흐름, 상반된 경향들이 함께 어우러진 '열린'체계로 파악하는 것이 이 글의 출발점이다 탈근대적 맑스주의는 맑스주의와 탈근대주의를 서로 상반되는 적대적 이론으로 보는 일반적인 견해와는 달리, 양자의 비판적·창조적 융합을 통한 제3의 대안을 제시하고자 한다. 탈근대적 맑스주의는 "맑스주의는 기계적 계급론에 기초한 하나의 형이상학에 지나지 않는다"는 탈근대주의의 주장을 단호히 배격함과 동시에 "탈근대주의는 이름만 달리 한 또 하나의 부르주아 이데올로기"라는 전통적 맑스주의의 입장 역시 거부한다 탈근대적 맑스주의는 탈근대주의의 '거대담론의 해체'가 갖고 있는 혁신적 통찰력을 맑수주의의 입장에서 비판적으로 받아들임으로써 맑스주의 전통의 새로운 지평을 열고자 한다 탈근대적 맑스주의는 알튀세르의 초결정론을 발전시킴으로써 경험론/합리론, 인간주의/구조주의 등과 같은 모든 결정론적 이론들로부터 맑스주의를 해방시킬 수 있는 기틀을 마련하였다 동시에 맑스주의 속에 존재하는 반결정론적 충동 혹은 순간들을 뚜렷하게 부각시킴으로써 맑스주의/탈근대주의의 이분법적 대립을 해체, 이들 사이의 새로운 조율 가능성을 열었다 Marxism has a rich and diverse tradition. It is of crucial importance not to identify one interpretation or one particular trend within Marxism with the whole of the Marxist tradition. Recognizing that there is not one Marxism but many may indeed be the starting point for further understanding and appraisal of the Marxist tradition-whether such analysis takes a critical or a sympathetic stance. Likewise, there exists no single conception of Marxism and postmodernism; there are multiple, complex, and often contradictory formulations found in the literature. It is within this complexity that I situate my discussion of Marxism and postmodernism. It is an attempt to go beyond or break out of the 'either/or' dichotomy between Marxism and postmodernism. Postmodern thinkers and modernist Marxists tend to think of Marxism and postmodernism as oppositional and alternative theoretical frameworks. My argument is that there are, however, points of articulation between Marxism and postmodernism. What is more, these points of articulation can be found emanating from the Marxist tradition. Building upon Althusser's commanding notion of overdetermination, the Amherst School elaborates a postmodern Marxism that does not take Marxism and postmodernism as oppositional and alternative but sees them as closely related or even as inseparably linked in taking Marxism in new directions.

淸金降火湯이 Paraquat로 誘發시킨 白鼠의 肺水腫에 미치는 影響

辛祖永 圓光大學校 韓醫學硏究所 1992 원광한의학 Vol.2 No.1

Cheongkeumkanghwatang(淸金降火湯) has been widely used in the diseases of the lungs and bronchi of humans, based on the oriental medicinal references. The treatment effect of it is well known. In the present experiments attempts have been made to evaluate its effects on the pulmonary edema of the albino rat induced by the herbicide paraquat. The paraquat, 1, 1'-dimethyl-4, 4'-bipyridilium dichloride(24.5% solution, Dongyang Chmecal Co., Seoul), was diluted in physiological saline (1gram in 24ml saline) and injected into the tail vein of the rat(2.94mg per 100g body weight). Following the infection of paraquat, the rats were orally administered with extracts of Cheongkeumkanghwatang(Group A), Cheongkeumkanghwatang plus Oryungsan(Group B), Cheongkiumkanghwatang with Keumeunhwa(Group D), and Cheongkeumkanghwatang plus Oryungsan with Keumeunhwa(Group E), respectively. The extracts were administered 3 times daily for 2 days. The clinical signs were recorded and the dead rats were necropsied ; internal organs were examined, and the lungs were removed and weighed. The rats survived for 48 hours after the injection of the paraquat were killed by decapitation and necropsied as with dead rats. The results are summarized as follows: In the preliminary experiments, rats were injected with saline only and administered with the extracts of the 4 drugstuffs 3 times daily for 2 days. The rats were killed and necropsied ; the lungs removed and weighed. No differences were found in the weights of the lungs between the groups : no differences were found in the weights of lungs of these rats and those of lungs of normal, untreated rats. Following the infection of the paraquat, ther ats showed clinical signs of collapse, depression, reduced appetitie and p peculianr gait-th pelvis thrust down with the hind limbs thrown outwards. The respiratory rate increased about 6 hours before death ; the respiration was slow and deep immediately before death. The survival rate at 48 hours of the rats injected with the paraquat and administered with drugs was examined ; all groups except group B showed better survival rate than control The respiratory rate per minute of the rats survived at 48 hours was counted; rats of group A showed almost normal respiratory rate, and rats of the other 3 groups and control showed increased respiration. Lung weights of rats of groups A, B and E were significantly lower than those of control rats. Lung weights of group A rats were not different from those of normal, untreated rats. Histopathological examination of the lungs revealed severe edema, hemorrhage and broken alveoli in the control group rats. Lungs of group A rats were similar to those of normal, untreated rats : while lungs of rats of groups B, D and E showed moderate edema, hemorrhage and some broken alveoli. From the above results it was concluded that Cheongkeumkanghwatang was very effective on the pulmonary edema when it was not mixed with Oryungsan or Kiumeunhwa.

단결정 성장에 관한 연구(Ⅰ)

조재흥,김호두,신영욱 조선대학교 기초과학연구소 1986 自然科學硏究 Vol.9 No.1

The pulling apparatus for the growth of single crystalline solids was made by sing the Czochralskis' method. The sing1e crystaline solids with 4Agl-NaI,4Ag I-KI,4AgI-RbI and 4Ag I-NH_4I system have been grown without seeds of crystalline solids cooling at various temperatures of growth and considering the pulling and rotating rates of shaft from the appanatus mentioned above. The single crystalline solids grown were indentified by using the analytical data measured in the visible range of the X-ray diffractometer, polarimeter and polarizing microscope. All of the crystalline solids were grown at the range of 6.5~10.3cm lengthand 0.8~1.5cm diameter, respectivity and these crystalline solids have the structures of d and ℓorientation.

木防己湯이 Paraquat로 誘發시킨 랫트의 肺水腫에 미치는 影響

辛祖永 圓光大學校 韓醫學硏究所 1996 원광한의학 Vol.6 No.1

MokbangKitang with Maecmundong, Omiza were administrated into rats and then they were injected by Paraquat. The results are as follows 1. After 48 hours following the injection of paraquat, the survival rate of rats increased only Mokbangkitang with omija Group. 2. Respirayory rates of rats witch survived 48 hours later significantly decreased in Mokbangkitang with Omiza. The rest group and control group were also increased. 3. Lung weights of rats which survived for 48 hours later significantly decreased in Mokbangkitang with Omiza group, but it increased in the other groups. 4. After the injection of paraquat, a lung tissue showed severe hemorrhage, edema and some broken aibeoli. Only Mokbangkitang with omija group recovered significantly.

그람시(Gramsci) 사회이론의 반결정론적 순간들

신조영 한국미국사학회 2002 미국사연구 Vol.16 No.-

Gramsci’s social theory was comprised through the vigorous endeavor to rejuvenate Marxism out of the collapse of the Second International and the failure of the revolutionary wave which swept Europe in the late 1910s. He recognized the need for a thorough rethinking of Marxism and for the restoration of dialectics to the center of Marxism. He considered that determinist interpretations of Marxism, whether in the form of speculative idealism/rationalism or mechanistic materialism/empiricism, were closely related with theoretical inertia and political passivity. He viewed the inroads of determinism into Marxism as detrimental to the Marxist movement and waged an intense struggle against these reductionist forms of thinking. In his efforts to reinvigorate the dialectical nature of Marxism as opposed to determinist interpretations of Marxism, he elaborated such powerful notions as, to name only a few, hegemony, the philosophy of praxis, the ensemble of social relations, historical bloc, etc.. Gramsci’s theory, however, defies any simple definitive assessment. It is rich with astute insights and breakthroughs but not without contradictions and ambiguities. Any attempt to mold it into a finished set of thought would not succeed without tailoring its rich implications to a rigid schema. Gramsci's writings are enormously suggestive but also very obscure and difficult. His pre-prison writings are mostly journalistic and barely more than several pages in length in many cases. Also, his later writings written in the fascist prison remain fragmentary and are not exhaustive on any topic. More often than not, he had to disguise his argument to go around the prison censor. In addition, his writings contain cultural reference points which are not easily accessible outside Italy. In his writings, old concepts are often modified, altered, and used in a quite novel way, which makes his complex ideas all the more complex. In this sense, Gramsci left behind an enormously rich yet inconclusive body of thought or an archetypal open text which awaits ceaseless interpretations and reinterpretations. Although he may be found fascinating for different reasons, I would argue that his intrinsic interest lies in the ways in which he posed problems and grappled with them in the epistemological terrain. My point is that Gramsci shares the same epistemological ground with antiessentialim in his profound antideterminist critique of various stripes of determinism both within and outside the Marxist tradition. Many of his formulations are to come to grips with the multifaceted and intricately interconnected social reality. In so doing, he elaborates such powerful notions as the philosophy of praxis, hegemony, historical bloc, the ensemble of social relations, etc. which cannot be embraced in the determinist theoretical framework.

Effect of gel spinning accompanied with cross-linking using boric acid on the structure and properties of high-molecular-weight poly(vinyl alcohol) fiber

Jo, Yong Gu,Shin, Eun Joo,Lee, Young Jae,Yoon, Won Sik,Han, Sung Soo,Lee, Yang Hun,Lee, Yong Rok,Noh, Seok Kyun,Gal, Yeong Soon,Lyoo, Won Seok Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2009 Journal of applied polymer science Vol.113 No.3

<P>To enhance the thermal stability of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) fiber, the fiber was prepared from the gel spinning of high molecular weight (HMW) PVA by using dimethyl sulfoxide/water (8/2, v/v) as a solvent, accompanied with the cross-link by boric acid (B-PVA). In addition, the structure and properties of the B-PVA fiber were compared with those of the HMW PVA fiber obtained by using the same spinning system without cross-linking (NB-PVA). Through a series of experiments, it turned out that cross-linking actualized by an optimum amount of boric acid (0.3 wt % based on PVA) and zone drawing caused significant changes in the properties of HMW PVA gel fiber. That is, cross-linking increased thermal degradation temperatures at each degradation step and amounts of final residues, resulting in improving thermal properties of the PVA fiber. On the contrary, it was found that in the case of the B-PVA fiber, some broadening of the original PVA unit cell occurred, which was identified by the peak shift to lower angle in X-ray diffractogram. The tensile strength and Young's modulus of B-PVA fiber with draw ratio of 15 are 23.1 and 308.3 g/d, respectively. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009</P>

자율신경계의 활성도 측정을 위한 Data Acquisition System의 개발 및 임상응용

신동구,박종선,김영조,심봉섭,이상학,이준하 영남대학교 기초/임상의학연구소 2001 Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine Vol.18 No.1

Background: Power spectrum analysis method is a powerful noninvasive tool for quantifying autonomic nervous system activity. In this paper, we developed a data acquistion system for estimating the activity of the autonomic nervous system by the analysis of heart rate and respiratory rate variability using power spectrum analysis. Materials and methods: For the detection of QRS peak and measurement of respiratory rate from patient's ECG, we used low-pass filter and impedance method respectively. This system adopt an isolated power for patient's safety. In this system, two output signals can be obtained: R-R interval(heart rate) and respiration rate time series. Experimental ranges are 30∼240 BPM for ECG and 15∼80 BPM for respiration. Regults: The system can acquire two signals accurately both in the experimental test using simulator and in real clinical setting. Conclusion: The system developed in this paper is efficient for the acquisition of heart rate and respiration signals. This system will play a role in research area for improving our understanding of the pathophysiologic involvement of the autonomic nervous system in various disease states.