Original Articles : Clinical significance of occult hepatitis B virus infection in chronic hepatitis C patients

( Jae Young Jang ),( Soung Won Jeong ),( Sung Ran Cheon1 ),( Sae Hwan Lee1 ),( Sang Gyune Kim ),( Young Koog Cheon ),( Young Seok Kim1 ),( Young Deok Cho1 ),( Hong Soo Kim ),( So Young Jin ),( Yun Soo 대한간학회 2011 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.17 No.3

Background/Aims: We investigated the frequency of occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV)-positive individuals and the effects of occult HBV infection on the severity of liver disease. Methods: Seventy-one hepatitis B virus surface-antigen (HBsAg)-negative patients were divided according to their HBV serological status into groups A (anti-HBc positive, anti-HBs negative; n=18), B (anti-HBc positive, anti-HBs positive; n=34), and C (anti-HBc negative, anti-HBs positive/negative; n=19), and by anti-HCV positivity (anti-HCV positive; n=32 vs. anti-HCV negative; n=39). Liver biopsy samples were taken, and HBV DNA was quantified by real-time PCR. Results: Intrahepatic HBV DNA was detected in 32.4% (23/71) of the entire cohort, and HBV DNA levels were invariably low in the different groups. Occult HBV infection was detected more frequently in the anti-HBc-positive patients. Intrahepatic HBV DNA was detected in 28.1% (9/32) of the anti-HCV-positive and 35.9% (14/39) of the anti-HCV-negative subjects. The HCV genotype did not affect the detection rate of intrahepatic HBV DNA. In anti-HCV-positive cases, occult HBV infection did not affect liver disease severity. Conclusions: Low levels of intrahepatic HBV DNA were detected frequently in both HBsAg-negative and anti-HCV-positive cases. However, the frequency of occult HBV infection was not affected by the presence of hepatitis C, and occult HBV infection did not have a significant effect on the disease severity of hepatitis C. (Korean J Hepatol 2011;17:206-212)

GIS를 활용한 주거용 적지분석에서의 절차적,방법론적 합리성 2: 용인시를 사례로

조규영 ( Kyu Young Cho ),옥진아 ( Jin A Ok ),서주환 ( Joo Hwan Suh ) 한국도시지리학회 2002 한국도시지리학회지 Vol.5 No.2

This study applies the proposed conceptual model for the land use suitability analysis. The study area is Young-In city which is one of the new housing development concentrated regions in the Seoul Metropolitan area. The purpose of this study is to compare the residential planning of the Yong-In City Master Plan (2001) with the proposed conceptual model application. The comparison is based on as follows: 3 methods (simple overlay method; linear standardization and AHP; Fuzzy and AHP) with 4 alternatives (city structural efficiency; environmentally sound development; and equal growth) and their conflict resolutions. The results are slightly different from each other; and very hard to conclude which method is superior. Rather, we may insist on that land use suitability analysis in Yong-In City Master Plan needs to be based on a well guided procedural model. The analysis of the plan is too naive to draw a future plan of the citizens. This may be the same in many other plans, but we need to scrutinize this subject and develop very practical and procedural analysis guidelines and manuals in order to have more rational plans.

Hepatocellular Carcinoma in the Elderly: Clinical Characteristics, Outcomes and Treatment Efficacy, Safety in Older than 75 Years

( Ji Ho Seo ),( Sunmin Kim ),( Eunae Cho ),( Chung Hwan Jun ),( Sun Young Park ),( Sung Bum Cho ),( Chang Hwan Park ),( Hyun Soo Kim ),( Sung Kyu Choi ),( Jong Sun Rew ) 대한간학회 2018 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2018 No.1

Aims: The number of elderly patients diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been increasing because the increase in the longevity of the general population. But there is no proper management based on age stratification in elderly patients. We compared clinical characteristics, outcomes and treatment efficacy, safety between oldest-old (aged more than 85 years), middle-old (aged between 80 and 85 years) and young-old (aged between 75 and 80 years) patients with HCC. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study, from January 2010 to December 2016, at Chonnam National University Hospital. A total of 550 elderly patients whose data included demographics, co-morbidity, etiology of liver disease, presence of cirrhosis, staging of HCC, treatment modality and treatment related adverse event were evaluated retrospectively. Also overall survival was assessed in enrolled patient. Results: Fifty one patients (oldest-old; median 87 years old), 153 patients (middle-old; median 82 years old) and 346 patients (young-old; median 77 years old) were diagnosed with HCC. Both oldest- and middle-old patients, compared to young-old patients had significantly lower rate of alcohol-related disease (13.7% vs 20.9% vs 34.1%, P = 0.001). There were no significant difference in underlying sex, body mass index, presence of co-morbidity, hepatitis C-related disease and stage of HCC. The Child-Pugh class (CPT class A 88.9% vs 84.1% vs 83.6%, CPT class B 11.1% vs 15.9% vs 15.0% and CPT class C 0.0% vs 0.0% vs 1.3%, respectively, P = 0.912) and Model for End Stage Liver Disease score (mean MELD score 7.22±3.34 vs 5.88±3.01 vs 5.77±3.14, P = 0.166) were no significant difference between the patients with active treatment. The modified UICC staging (stage I 5.6% vs 17.1% vs 18.6%, stage II 55.6% vs 46.3% vs 47.3%, Stage III 22.2% vs 24.4% vs 24.8%, Stage IV-A 11.1% vs 6.1% vs 4.9% and Stage IV-B 5.6% vs 6.1% vs 4.4%, respectively, P = 0.826) and Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer staging (stage 0 5.6% vs 9.8% vs 9.3%, stage A 16.7% vs 17.1% vs 22.1%, stage B 27.8% vs 29.3% vs 24.8%, stage C 50.0% vs 43.9% vs 41.2% and stage D 0.0% vs 0.0% vs 2.7%, respectively, P = 0.878) were no significant difference between the patients with active treatment. Furthermore, there were no difference between the age groups in treatment modality (Surgical resection 0.0% vs 3.3% vs 5.2%, P = 0.166; Radiofrequency ablation 2.0% vs 8.5% vs 11.0%, P=0.113; Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization 21.6% vs 34.6% vs 41.6%, P=0.014; Best supportive care 62.7% vs 40.5% vs 29.2%, P < 0.001), adverse event related treatment (P = 0.731) and disease-free survival days (329 .3±309.1 days vs 271.7 ± 414.2 days vs 357.2 ± 511.6 days, P = 0.336). Multivariate analysis showed that age, performance status, CTP class, MELD score, modified UICC staging, presence of portal vein thrombosis and ruptured HCC are risk factors for mortality. Conclusions: Clinician should make an active treatment in elderly patients with HCC not a age but performance status, liver function and disease status of cancer.

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

구강암의 치료 후 생존율에 영향을 주는 인자에 대한 후향적 연구

조병호,민승기,오승환,이동근,김용각 대한악안면성형재건외과학회 2002 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.24 No.3

The objective of this research is to find out the influencing factors to recur oral cancers. The outcomes of 85 patients(male: 62 patients, female: 23 patients) with oral cancer who were not treated any pre-operative radiotherapy, chemotherapy or previous oral surgery, other than routine dento-alveolar procedures and a recent diagnostic biopsy were analysed retrospectively. Actuarial (life tables) survival analysis showed the 5 year survival rate was 58%, 52% for male patients, 72% for female patients. The patients who were under 50 years old showed 71% of 5 year survival rate, 51% of 5 year survival rate were above 51 years old group. Patients who were treated with elective neck dissection showed better prognosis which were shown 73% of 5 year survival rate than not neck dissection which were reveal 45% of 5 year survival rate. In TNM stage of patients, advanced stage showed worse prognosis, but only N stage did not suggest to judge good prognosis. Most patients were treated under postoperative radiation therapy and showed better prognosis.

冷濕積, 變溫 및 光處理가 枇杷(Eriobotrya japonica LINDL)種子 發芽促進에 미치는 影響

趙榮煥 木浦大學校沿岸生物硏究所 1986 沿岸生物硏究 Vol.3 No.1

장미科에 屬하며 南部沿岸地域에 分布하며 庭園樹 또는 家庭果樹로 栽培하는 枇杷(Eriobotrya japonica L( )) 種子를 重量別로 供試, 冷濕積(5℃,30日間), 發芽床에서의 恒溫(25℃, 20℃), 變溫(30℃(8hrs)-20℃(16hrs), 25℃(8hrs)-8℃(16hrs) ), 光處理(1日 8時間, 1200∼1400 Lux)하여 發芽傾向을 調査하였다. 枇杷種子에 대한 冷濕積 處理는 發芽 開始時期를 단축하였으며 發芽率 向上에도 좋은 效果를 보였으며 發芽 溫度가 低溫인 25℃-8℃, 20℃의 경우 그 效果가 더욱 컸다. 枇杷種子는 光下에서 變溫보다는 25℃ 恒溫에서 가장 良好한 發芽를 하였다. 冷濕積 處理없이도 2.0g 以上 種子의 경우 發芽 溫度 30℃-20℃에서 70%, 25℃에서 0.8g-1.0g區 72%, 1.2g-1.4g區에서 84%의 比較的 良好한 發芽를 하였다. 種子重量이 적은 0.4g以下 種子의 경우 가장 낮은 發芽率을 보였고 2.0g 以上의 경우도 他區에 比하여 낮은 發芽率을 보여, 中間重量에 해당하는 0.8g-1.0g, 1.2g-1.4g, 1.6g-1.8g의 경우가 發芽率이 높았다. 暗發芽에 있어서 枇杷種子의 發芽는 極히 低調하였으며, 特히 冷濕積을 하지않고 發芽床에서 恒溫이 주어졌을 때 가장 심하게 나타났다. This study was conducted to find out the effect of stratification, germination temperature, light and seed weight on the germination of Eriobotrya japonica LINDL. seeds tested at 30days. The results were summarized as follows. The stratification treatment (5℃, 30days) promoted the germination speed and germination percentage. It was most effective on low germination temperature at 20℃ and 25℃∼8℃. The optimum germination temperature was 25℃ constant both stratified and non-strafied seeds under 8 hours light treatment. At 25℃, 30∼20℃ germination temperature treatment showed good germination percentage (70∼84%) without stratifcation in 0.8∼1.0g , 1.2∼1.4g , above 2.0g weight seed. The middle weight seeds(0.8g-1.8g) showed more favorable germination than light( 〈0.4g) or heavey (2.0g〉) weight seeds. mThe Eribotrya japonica seeds did not germinate easily at constant temperature under darkness but they could obtained good germination percentage when stratification and alternating temperature treatment in germination bed.

유도선수의 여가 참여형태에 따른 만족도 분석

조방현,김영환,이철원 연세대학교 체육연구소 2002 체육연구논문집 Vol.9 No.1

본 연구는 엘리트 유도선수들이 과연 여가시간을 어떠한 방법으로 활용하는지에 대한 의문을 바탕으로 문제해결을 시도하였으며 이를 통하여 여가 참여 형태와 여가 만족에 대한 측면을 분석하였다. 이러한 과정을 통하여 유도선수들의 여가활동에 대한 의식 및 만족도를 파악할 수 있었으며 또한 유도선수들이 효율적인 여가시간을 가질 수 있는 방안을 고안하고자 하였다. 구체적으로 이와 같은 연구 목적을 달성하기 위해 본 연구에서는 중, 고등학교와 대학교에 재학 중인 유도선수들을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하여 여러가지 각도, 참여정도, 여가경비, 여가제약, 여가동기, 선호여가형태 등을 조사하였고, 아울러 여가만족도를 심리적 요인, 휴식적 요인, 교육적 요인, 사회적 요인, 환경적 요인, 그리고 생리적 요인으로 구분하여 교차분석과 분산분석을 실시하였다. 사후검증은 Turkey(표준화검정)을 실시하여 분석하였다. 이러한 연구 과정을 통하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 첫째, 유도선수들의 여가참여정도에 따라 여가만족도는 교육적 요인, 사회적 요인, 그리고 환경적 요인에서 유의한 차이를 보였다. 둘째, 유도선수들의 선호여가형태에 따라 여가만족도는 교육적 요인과 생리적 요인에서 유의한 차이를 보였다. 셋째, 유도선수들의 여가제약에 따라 여가만족도는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 넷째, 유도선수들의 여가경비에 따라 여가만족도는 사회적 요인에서 유의한 차이를 보였다. 마지막으로 유도선수들의 여가동기에 따라 여가만족도는 유의한 차이가 없었다. The purpose of this study was to explain the judo players' leisure time and satisfaction through analyzing their leisure participation patterns and satisfaction. This also pursuits effective understanding of the leisure time and relationship between training and leisure time of Judo players. For the purpose of the study, the research participants (315 out of 355) were conducted from groups of middle school, high school and college judo players with questions of perception, frequency of participation, involved expense, limitations, motivation, and preferences toward leisure activities. These variables were used to quantify the tendency of leisure satisfaction. In the data analysis, frequency test, Chi-square test, and One-way ANOVA were executed. Furthermore the data was grouped into psychological, resting condition, educational, social , environmental, and physical factors to analyze the degree and tendency of leisure satisfaction. The results were shown as follows: 1. There were shown significant differences from the leisure participation of Judo players about leisure satisfaction on the educational, social, and environment factors. 2. There were indicated as significant differences of the preferred patterns of Judo players about leisure satisfaction on educational and physiological factors. 3. There were not shown significant differences leisure constrains of Judo players about leisure satisfaction. 4. There were shown significant differences about the expenses for leisure of Judo players about leisure satisfaction on the social factor. 5. There were not suggested significant differences of the leisure motive of Judo players about leisure satisfaction.

중소기업조세지원 제도의 개선에 관한연구

曺廷煥,權英愛 경북대학교 1992 논문집 Vol.24 No.-

There are several assistance policies for the small and medium industries like financial, monetary and tax system. This study is limited tax assistance among them. And this study aims at showing the better measures by understanding the problems of the present tax assistance policies concerned to the small and medium industries. The documentary investigation was carried on to achieve the aim of this study. Business expansion orienting policy will drive the small and medium industries's tax revenues in long term point of view and this policy will be succeded by accepting complementary system for investment deficit. Tax system should be modified to improve their financial structure and also to increase deduction ratio to capital increase. Technical development is very important for the Korean economic growth. So the tax assistance policies would be necessary for improving the technical development.

立地分析을 위한 GIS의 應用에 關한 硏究

趙榮煥 木浦大學校 沿岸環境硏究所 1993 沿岸環境硏究 Vol.10 No.1

燐酸施肥量 差異가 靑刈豌豆의 主要形質 및 收量에 미치는 影響

趙男棋,韓英明,朴良門,高東煥 濟州大學校 亞熱帶農業硏究所 1998 亞熱帶農業硏究 Vol.15 No.-

本 硏究는 濟州道에서 燐酸施肥量差異가 靑刈豌豆의 主要 形質과 收量에 미치는 影響을 究明하기 위하여 濟州在來豌豆와 Sparkle을 供試하여 1998年 3月부터 5月까지 修行하였으며 試驗한 結果를 要約하면 다음과 같다. 1. 開花日數는 燐酸施肥量이 많아짐에 따라 늦어지는 傾向이었다. 品種問의 開花日數는 濟州在來豌豆가 빨랐고, Sparkle은 늦은 편이었다. 2. 草長은 燐酸施肥量이 많을수록 길었으며, 品種間에는 各 處理區에서 濟州在來豌豆가 길었고, Sparkle은 짧았다. 3. 莖直經, 主莖節數는 濟州在來豌豆 Sparkle 두 品種 供히 燐酸施肥量이 增加할수록 增加하였다. 4. 10a當 靑刈收量은 두 品種 모두 燐酸施肥量이 많아짐에 따라 漸次的으로 增加되는 傾向이었다. 5. 濟州求來談臺의 草長과 靑刈收量과는 高度로 有意한 正의 相關을, Sparkle은 正의 相關關係가 있어서 두 品種 모두가 草長이 길수록 靑刈收量이 많았다. Two pea cultivars, 'Cheju local pea' and 'Sparkle', were planted on 3 March at Cheju at 5 phosphate rates(0, 5, 10, 15, 20kg/10a) to determine the optimum phosphate fertilization rate. Days to flowering increased as phosphate rate was increased. Days to flowering of Cheju local pea was earlier than that of Sparkle. The more phosphate rate, the higher plant height Plant height of cultivar Cheju local pea was taller than of Sparkle. As phosphate rate was increased, stem diameter and number of nodes per plant of two cultivars increased. Fresh forage yield of two cultivars linearly increased as phosphate rate was increased from 0 to 20kg/10a. Plant height for each cultivar was positively correlated with fresh forage yield.